Queuing Theory

Queuing System

Customer Waiting Getting Departure of

Arrival Line Served customers

Waiting Time: Time spent by a customer in the queue before being served
Time spent by the customer in the system: Waiting time + Service time
Number of customer in the system: In the queue + Being served
Queuing System: Arrival Waiting Picking up for service in a certain discipline Service Departure

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 Concepts
Jockeying Refers to a customer who leaves one queue and
joins another queue for the service

Balking Refers to a customer who does not join any queue

for want of time or queue length

Reneging Refers to an impatient customer who leaves a

queue after waiting for some time

1. Expected rate of arrival

= 1

= average number of customers arriving

2. Expected rate of service

= 1

= Average number of customers served

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3. Traffic Intensity or Utilization ratio / expected number in the system ( rho)


4. The probability that the system is idle (no customer in the queue)

0= 1- Or 1-

5 Probability that there are 1,2 ,3 and so on customer in the system
P1 = p x P0
P2 = p x P1
P3 = p x P2

6.Expected number of customer in the system (Queue + Service)

-
7.Expected number in the queue (queue length)

(Expected number in the system service)

- or 2
- ( - )

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 8. Waiting time in the system
1
-

9 . Waiting time in the queue

( -)

10. Expected length of non empty queue

-

11. Expected length of non empty system

+
-

Example 1
A branch of city bank has one cashier at its counter. On an average 9 customers
arrive for every 5 minutes and the cashier can server 10 customers in five
minutes. Assuming Poisson distribution for arrival, find
a) Utilisation of cashier
b) Average number of customers in the system
c) Average number of customers in the queue
d) Averaged time customer spends in the system
e) Average time a customer waits before being served in the queue
f) Average length of non-empty queues that form from time to time

Mean arrival rate () = 9/5 = 1.8 customer per minute

Mean service rate () = 10/5 = 2 customer per minute
a) Casher utilisation rate (p) =/ = 1.8 / 2 = 0.90 or 90%
b) Average number of customers in the System = / ( - ) = 1.8 / (2 -1.8) = 9
c) Average number of customers in the Queue = 2/ ( - ) = 1.8 2 / 2 (2 -1.8) = 8.1
d) Averaged time customer spends in the system = 1 / ( - ) = 1 / (2 -1.8) = 5 minutes
e) Average time a customer waits before being served = / ( - ) = 1.8 / 2 (2-1.8) = 4.5 mts
f) Average length of non-empty queues / ( - ) = 2 / (2-1.8) = 10

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 Example 2
Workers come to tools room to receive special tool. The average time between two
arrivals is 60 seconds and the arrivals are assumed to follow Poisson distribution. The
average service of tool room attendant is 40 seconds. Determine:
a)Average Queue length
b)Average length on non empty queue
c)Average number of workers in the system
d)Mean waiting time of an arrival
e)Average waiting time of workers
f)Probability of tool room attendant remains idle

Mean arrival rate () = 1/60 = 1 per minute

Mean service rate () = 1/40 = 1.5 customer per minute5
a) Average number of customers in the Queue = 2/ ( - ) = 1 2 / 1.5 (1.5 -1) = 1/.75
b) Average length of non-empty queues / ( - ) = 1.5 / (1.5-1) = 3 workers
c) Average number of customers in the System = / ( - ) = 1 / (1.5 -1) = 2 workers
d) Average time a customer waits before being served = / ( - ) = 1 / 1.5 (1.5 -1) = 1/.75
e) Averaged time customer spends in the system = 1 / ( - ) = 1 / (1.5 -1) = 2 workers
f) Probability of tool room attendant remains idle (P0) = 1 (/ ) = 1- 1/1.5 = 1/3