Problems from Chapter 6

6.1 The coefficient of static friction between Teflon and scrambled eggs is about 0.04. What is the
smallest angle from the horizontal that will cause the eggs to slide across the bottom.

This problem is really about finding the maximum angle where the egg will not slide. We begin by
drawing the force diagram. You may notice that this is the same drawing as problem 6.11. It is
fundamentally the same problem.

Ff
N

x
mg

0 = mgsin F f
= mgsin N
0 = N mgcos = mgsin mg cos
N = mgcos mgsin = mg cos
tan =
= tan1 () = 2.29

6.8. A pig slides down a 35 degree incline in twice the time it would take to slide down a
frictionless incline. What is the coefficient
of kinetic friction between the pig and the incline?

We begin by drawing force diagrams assuming friction is present.

y

Ff
N

x
mg
 Fnet x = ma = mgsin Ff
ma = mgsin Ff
0 = N mgcos
= mgsin N
N = mgcos
= mgsin mgcos
a f = g(sin cos )

We can easily calculate the no friction case by setting the coefficient of friction to zero.

anf = gsin

We now need to find the relationship between time and acceleration for sliding a fixed distance d.

x f xi = d
vi = 0
1 2
x f = xi + vi t + at
2
1 2
x f xi = vi t + at
2
1
d = 0 + at 2
2
2d
t=
a
2d
tf =
af
2d
t nf =
anf

We know that the time with friction is twice the time without friction
 t f = 2t nf
2d 2d
=2
af anf
2d 2d
= 4
af anf
anf = 4 a f
gsin = 4 g(sin cos )
4 cos = 3sin
3
= tan
4
3
= tan 35
4
= .525

r
6.10 A 2.5 kg block is initially
r at rest on a horizontal surface. A horizontal force F of magnitude
6.0 N and a vertical force P are then applied to the block (Fig. 6-22). The coefficients of friction
for the block and surface are s = 0.40 and rk = 0.25. Determine the magnitude of the frictional
force actin on the block if the magnitude of P is (a) 8.0 N, (b) 10.0 N and
(c) 12.0N



N
P
N
Ff F
P
Ff
F

mg

mg

We can now write the net force on the block

x direction y direction
max = F F f 0 = N + P mg
= F N N = mg P

 We need to find out if the frictional force (assuming static coefficient) is large enough to keep the
block from accelerating. If it is large enough, then we use the static coefficient of friction. If it is
not, we will use the kinetic case.

x direction
max = F (mg P)
F f = (mg P)

a) Ff = (mg P) = 0.40 (2.5 9.8 8) = 6.6N With P=8N, enough friction is possible to keep
the block from moving. In this case, the frictional force is 6N. Remember that our expression

for the sliding friction is the maximum friction that can be developed..

b) Ff = (mg P) = 0.40 (2.5 9.8 10) = 5.8N . With P=10N, there is not enough friction to
keep the block from moving. It will therefore accelerate from rest--this means that we will need to
calculate the frictional force using the kinetic
coefficient. Ff = (mg P) = 0.25 (2.5 9.8 10) = 3.625N

c) Ff = (mg P) = 0.25 (2.5 9.8 12) = 3.125N . Here we know the block will move, so we can
compute directly with the kinetic coefficient.

6.13 A 68 kg crate is dragged across a floor by pulling on a rope attached to the crate and inclined
at 15 degrees above the horizontal. (a) If the coefficient of static friction is 0.5, what minimum
force magnitude is required from the rope to start eh crate moving. (b) If k = 0.35, what is the
magnitude of the initial acceleration of the crate.

N
Ff F
F
Ff

mg

mg
x direction y direction
max = F cos F f 0 = N + F sin mg
= F cos N N = mg F sin

a) To find the minimum force, we set the acceleration in the x-direction to zero and solve for the
unknown Force.

 x direction
max = F cos N
= F cos (mg F sin )
0 = F cos (mg F sin )
= F(cos + sin ) mg
mg 0.5068kg 9.8
F= =
(cos + sin ) (cos15 + 0.50 sin15)
= 304.2N
b) To find the initial acceleration, we now use this force and compute the acceleration for the
moving block using the kinetic coefficient of friction.

x direction
max = F cos N
= F cos (mg F sin )
= F cos (mg F sin )
= 304.199N(cos15 + 0.35 sin15) 0.3568kg 9.8
= 88.15N
88.15N
ax = = 1.3m / s2
68kg

6.20 A loaded penguin sled weight 80N rests on a plane inclined at 20 degrees to the horizontal.
Between the sled and the plane, the coefficient of static friction is 0.25, and the coefficient of kinetic
friction is 0.15.
(a) What is the minimum magnitude of the force F, parallel to the plane, that will
prevent the sled from slipping down the plane. (b) What is the minimum magnitude F that will start
the sled moving up the plane? (c) What value F is required to move the sled with constant velocity
up the incline.

a) We begin by drawing the forces. Since the motion would be downward if F is too small, we
draw Friction as pointing UP the incline for part a.
 y

N
N x
Ff
F Ff
F

W=mg
W=mg

We now write the forces in component form. Since the sled is not to move, the net force will be
zero.

x direction
0 = F + F f mg sin
y direction F = mg sin F f
0 = N mg cos = mg sin N
N = mgcos = mg sin s mgcos
= 80N sin20 0.25 80N cos20
= 8.57N
section, we wish to get the block moving. The drawing will change, because the
b) In this
frictional force acts downward as it opposes the upward motion

 y
N

N x
F

Ff
Ff

W=mg
W=mg

x direction
0 = F Ff mgsin
y direction F = mg sin + Ff
0 = N mg cos = mg sin + N
N = mgcos = mg sin + s mg cos
= 80N sin20 + 0.25 80N cos20
= 46.2N
drawing for c is the same as for b), but since the sled is now moving with constant speed
c) The
(not just starting) we need use the kinetic coefficient of friction.

x direction
0 = F Ff mgsin
y direction F = mg sin + Ff
0 = N mg cos = mg sin + N
N = mgcos = mg sin + k mg cos
= 80N sin20 + 0.15 80N cos20
= 38.6N

6.21. Block B in Fig. 6-30 weights 711N. The coefficient of static friction between block and
horizontal surface is 0.25. Find the maximum weight block A for which the system will be
stationary.

This problem is a classic statics problem where the net force on the two blocks and the knot.
We begin by drawing the forces on the two blocks and on the knot.
 TW

TW TB

TB
30
B TA
TA
TA

WA

Ff TB

WB
The forces on A allow us to find the tension TA.

0 = TA WA
TA = WA

Now we write forces on the knot

0 = TW sin30 TA
TA WA
TW = =
sin 30 sin 30
0 = TW cos30 TB
TB = TW cos30
WA
= cos30
sin 30
TB = WA cot 30

and on B. We then substitute and solve for the weight of A.

 0 = N WB
N = WB
0 = TB F f
TB = Ff
WA cot 30 = N
N
WA =
cot 30
= WB tan 30
= 0.25 711N tan 30
= 102.6N

6.27 Body A in Fig 6-34 weights 102 N and body B weights 32N. The coefficients of friction
between A and the include are s = 0.56 and k = 0.25. The angle is 40 degrees. Find the
acceleration of A if (a) A is initially at rest, (b) A is initially moving up the incline, and (b) A is
initially moving down the incline.

We begin, as always by drawing the forces. Lets assume that the static friction is keeping A from
sliding down.

a) If A is initially at rest, it has no acceleration.

y
N F x
f T
T
Ff
A

B mAg

b) For a mass sliding upward.
Mass A

mA a = T F f mA gsin
0 = N mA g cos
= T N mA gsin
N = mA g cos
= T mA gcos mA gsin

Mass B

mB a = mB g T

We now solve for T and plug in to find a.

 T = mB g mB a
mA a = T mA gcos mA gsin
mA a = mB g mB a mA gcos mA gsin
m g mA gcos mA gsin
a= B
mA + mB

If the mass is sliding up initially, we find a using the coefficient of kinetic friction

mB g mA gcos mA gsin
a=
mA + mB
32N 0.25 102N cos40 102N sin 40
=
(32N + 102N) / 9.8m / s2
= 3.89m / s2

If the mass is sliding downward, we simply reverse the frictional piece of the expression.

y
N Ff x
T
T
A Ff

B mAg
mBg
For a mass
that is sliding downward

mB g + mA gcos mA gsin
a=
mA + mB
32N + 0.25102N cos 40 102N sin40
=
(32N + 102N) / 9.8m / s2
= 1.03m / s2

6.28. In Fig 6-35, blocks A and B have weights of 44N and 22N respectively. (a) Determine the
minimum weight (Block C) that must be placed on A to keep it from sliding, if s between A and
the table is 0.20. (b) Block C suddenly is lifted off A. What is the acceleration of Block A if k
between A and the table is 0.15.

Nc
T

mass C mass B

mBg
C
mcg
A N

Ff T

Nc

mAg
B

We begin by writing all of the forces out. For part a, we assume that the net force is zero. We
assume that forces that turn the pulley in a clockwise direction are positive.

0 = T Ff
= T N
= mB g (mC + mA )g
0 = N NC mA g = mB g mC g mA g
mCa = 0 = N C mCg mB a = 0 = mB g T N = NC + mA g mCg = mB g mA g
NC = mCg T = mB g = mCg + mA g mB g
mCg = mA g
= (mC + mA )g
22N
= 44N
0.2
= 66N
(b) We now repeat the problem, assuming that an acceleration occurs and Block C is not present.
 mA a = T Ff
= T N
= T mA g
T = m A a + mA g
mB a = mB g T
0 = N mA g
mB a = mB g T = mB g (mAa + mA g)
N = mA g
m g mA g
a= B
mA + mB
22N 0.15 44N
=
(22N / g) + (44N / g)
22N 0.15 44N
= g
(22N + 44N)
22N 0.15 44N
= 9.8m/ s2
(22N + 44N)
= 2.29m / s2

6.32. The terminal speed of a sky diver in the spread-eagle position is 160 km/h. In the nosedive
position, the terminal speed is 310 km/hr. Assuming that C does not change from one position to
another, find the ration of the effective cross-sectional area A in the slower position to that in the
faster position.

Terminal velocity occurs when the drag force equals the weight. In both positions, the drag -force
equals the weight of the sky diver. This means that the Drag forces in both positions equal each
other.

Ds = Dn
1 1
CAsvs 2 = CAn vn 2
2 2
Asvs = An vn 2
2

As vn 2 (310km / h)2
= =
An v s2 (160km / h)2
= 3.76
6.36 Suppose the coefficient of static friction between the road and the tires on a car is 0.6 and the
care has no negative lift. What speed will put the care on the verge of sliding as it rounds a level
curve of 30.5 m radius.
 m v2
=N
r
N = mg
m v2
= mg
r
v2 = r g
v = r g = 30.5 9.8
= 17.28m / s
6.45. An airplane is flying in a horizontal circle at a speed of 480 km/h. If the wings of the plane
are tilted 40 to the horizontal, what is the radius of the circle in which the plane is flying. Assume
that the required force is provided
entirely by an aerodynamic lift that is perpendicular to the wing
surface.

40 FL

mg
40

We write the forces and set the net inward force equal to the centripetal force. 480 km/h=133.3m/s.
v2
Fnet in = ma = m = FL sin 40
r
2
v mg
m =( ) sin 40
r cos40
0 = FL cos40 mg
v2
FL cos40 = mg = gtan 40
r
mg
FL = v2 (133.3m / s)2
cos 40 r= =
gtan 40 9.8m / s2 tan 40
= 2160.8m
6.49 A puck of mass m = 1.50 kgslides ina circle of radius r = 20.0cm on a frictionless table while
attached to a hanging cylinder of mass M = 2.50kg by a cord through a hole in the table (Fig 6-41)
What speed keeps the cylinder at rest.

We write out the forces on each mass. The hanging mass does not accelerate. The orbiting mass
experiences a net inward force that is the centripetal force.

N T
T

mg Mg

We write out the forces and solve for v.

m v2
=T rT r Mg 0.2 2.5 9.8
r 0 = T Mg v= = =
m m 1.5
rT T = Mg
v= = 1.81m / s
m