Developing an Integrated Small & Mid-Sized floating

LNG Solution

Andreas Hambcker
Content

Introduction

FPSOs

LNG Carriers

LNG FSRU

FLNG Seoul, 2013 2

Company Introduction

TGE Marine Gas Engineering is one of the worlds leading engineering contractors specialising
in gas carrier and offshore units.

The Group was founded in 1980 as Liquid Gas International (LGI) and in 1993, was acquired
by Tractebel/Suez operating as Tractebel Gas Engineering. Since an MBO in 2006, the Group
has been called TGE Marine AG (TGE Marine Gas Engineering GmbH).

Major shareholders: 49.9% Caledonia Investment plc and GASFIN Group approx. 47.4%,
management, employees, individual shareholders approx. 2.7%

Address: Mildred-Scheel-Str. 1, 53175 Bonn, Germany

Web: www.tge-marine.com

FLNG Seoul, 2013 3

Key TGE Marine facts

Key facts

30 years of experience
More than 150 gas carrier contracts
Delivery of several novel and innovative gas plant solutions:
Five 22,000 m ethylene carriers, largest purpose-built ethylene ship in the world built at Jiangnan Shipyard
Topsides for 95,000 m LPG-FSO built at Samsung
Worlds first combined 7,500 m LNG/ethylene carrier built at Remontova for the Anthony Veder Group
Lloyds List Ship of the Year Award in 2008 for 8,000 m ethylene carrier Isabella Kosan built at Sekwang HI
for the Lauritzen Kosan Group

Worlds first 16,000 m3 LNG-FLSRU under construction at Wison Offshore & Marine Ltd. for Exmar Group
Well established in East Asia with Shanghai branch office since 1994
Delivery or fabrication of more than 200 cargo tanks
More than 50%* market share for ethylene carrier gas plants (*historically by total, >60% market share from 2002 to
present)

Own patented LNG tank support design for shuttle tankers and floating units
In-house ship design packages available for a wide range of gas carriers

FLNG Seoul, 2013 4

Business activities and expertise

Cargo handling systems and tanks for

gas carriers
LPG carriers, CO2 carriers
Ethylene carriers
LNG carriers

Cargo handling systems for offshore

units
FSO/FPSO for LPG
FSRU and FPSO for LNG
CO2 liquefaction, storage and
offloading units

Fuel gas systems

LNG fuel supply for merchant vessels
Type C LNG tanks
Gas processing system
FLNG Seoul, 13 5
Small-scale LNG chain market drivers

LNG as fuel for small power plants on islands and remote locations
Potential locations: Caribbean islands, Indonesian islands, Mediterranean islands, Philippines etc.

Environmental pressure to implement clean fuel instead of HFO/MDO or even coal

Potential de-coupling of LNG from oil price link and consequently reduced fuel cost compared to MDO

Tailor-made small-scale LNG supply chain will reduce CAPEX compared to traditional on-shore solutions

FLNG (Floating LNG)

Improved process technology for LNG-FPSO (Floating production storage & offloading) have strongly
improved the CAPEX requirements for capacities of 0,5 to 1,5 mtpa with project budgets of 600 1,000
USD/t of annual liquefaction capacity
LNG-FPSOs and FSRUs (Floating storage & regasification units) can be fabricated in modern shipyards
within 18 to 36 months depending on complexity and consequently, be faster implemented than on-shore
solutions

LNG as fuel for merchant vessels

In 2015 MARPOL Annex VI revision will force owners operating in environmental control areas (ECA,SECA:
North Sea/Baltic Sea) to use either expensive MGO, switch to LNG as fuel or implement scrubber
technology

Chicken and egg situation is slowly resolving as the first projects implemented and the interest of larger
LNG owner in the bunker market becomes noticeable

FLNG, Seoul 2013 6

LNG supply chain
Global LNG supply chain

Large scale LNG liquefaction plants

Onshore/Offshore

Small scale LNG production

Pipeline gas, e.g. Norway

Stranded Gas

Onshore/Offshore

Re-export from Import/Re-gas terminals

19-May-2010 Coral Methane loading at Zeebrugge,
More and more import terminal apply first loading of a small carrier at a large import
terminal.
for re-export licences

Reservoir Liquefaction Shipping Regasification Markets

FLNG, Seoul 2013 7

Content

Introduction

FPSOs

LNG Carriers

LNG FSRU

FLNG Seoul, 2013 8

Key references: LNG-FPSO

95,000 m LPG FSO Liberdade:

Owner: Conoco Philips

Yard: Samsung HI, Korea

Classification: Lloyds Register

Completion: 2003

Scope: Complete gas handling system

16,000 m3 LNG-FLSRU:
(under construction)

Owner: Exmar Group, Belgium

Yard: Wison Offshore & Marine Ltd,

China

Classification: BV

Completion: 2015 (under construction)

Scope: Complete gas handling system
for loading and unloading, cargo tanks
Process liquefaction package:
Contracted to Black & Veatch by Wison
FLNG Seoul, 2013 9
FPSO technical concept

Small Scale FPSO: 0.5 mtpa

40,000 m storage capacity

4 cylindrical storage tanks
L x B x D: 145 x 43 x 24 m

FLNG Seoul, 2013 10

FPSO technical concept

Conceptual Design for 0.5 mtpa FPSO (40.000 m storage)

1 LNG FPSO designed to receive gas direct from the well via mooring turret.

2. FPSO provides gas conditioning, processing, pressurisation and liquefaction modules.

Space included for future modification when moved to new field

3. Liquefaction plant to use proven MRC

process to liquefy 0.5 mtpa

4. Gas lost: 9% (utilities: 4 5 MW)

5. Storage in cost competitive, IMO Type C 3

6
cylindrical storage tanks 4

2
6. Offloading via fixed loading arms, 5
or tandem hose
1

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Topsides for FPSO

Selection of processes and equipment

Sepa Feedgas Dehy Lique Storage

Compress AGRU Tanks
rator ion dration faction

Capacity up to 1,5 mtpa

Process Selection is influenced by various factors:

- Gas Composition
- Ambient Conditions
- Location of the plant
- Maritime conditions
- Machinery availability
- Operational Aspects
- Commercial and trade aspects

FLNG Seoul, 2013 12

Topsides for FPSO

Inlet / Gas Pre-treatment

Sepa Feedgas Dehy Lique Storage

Compress AGRU Tanks
rator ion dration faction

Slug catcher for removal of dust, solid particles, hydrate inhibitor etc.

Feedgas compression may be required if supply pressure is too low

Acid Gas Removal Unit Amine Units

Mercury Removal bed if required

Dehydration of gas by Molesieves / TEG Units

FLNG Seoul, 2013 13

Topsides for FPSO

Liquefaction

Sepa Feedgas Dehy Lique Storage

Compress AGRU Tanks
rator ion dration faction

Range of use: Small scale 1-15 t/h LNG

A pure refrigerant (typically nitrogen) is
deep-cooled by expansion to condense the
natural gas to LNG based on the Reverse
Brayton / Claude Cycle.
Low efficiency compared with other
processes. Specific power consumption
about 0,55 kWh/kg for dual expander
system
Less sensitive to feed gas changes.
Easier to operate than the MR Cycle.

FLNG Seoul, 2013 14

Topsides for FPSO

Liquefaction

Sepa Feedgas Dehy Lique Storage

Compress AGRU Tanks
rator ion dration faction

Range of use: 10 50 t/h LNG

A single multi-component
refrigerant is used comprising
typically
nitrogen, methane, ethylene and
butane.
Several modifications exsist.
High efficiency compared with
expander process. Specific power
consumption about 0,31 kWh/kg
Sensitive to feed gas changes.
Operation complicated

FLNG Seoul, 2013 15

Topsides for FPSO

Liquefaction

Sepa Feedgas Dehy Lique Storage

Compress AGRU Tanks
rator ion dration faction

Range of use: up to 2,5 t/h LNG

Cascade systems have been
developed in house for LNG carriers
to use synergy effect with ethylene
reliquefaction Systems, or Laby-GI
compressors for ME-GI applications
Proven Components
Reliable operation

FLNG Seoul, 2013 16

Tank Design

Tank Design Typical containment Type C tanks

(internal insulation tanks)
(Integral tanks)
(Semi-membrane tanks)
Membrane tanks
Independent tanks
(Type A)
Type B
Type C
systems for LNG Self supporting pressure vessel
Cylindrical or bilobe with outside
Double row re-inforced insulation
membrane type tanks have No secondary barrier required
only recently been No restriction concerning partial
developed filling
Tank design temperature -163C
spherical tanks generate
enormous problems to Tank material
place a process plant and
(Aluminium)
are limited to very few
9% Ni-steel
fabricators SS AISI 304L
IHI type B tanks are limited
to license with very few
yards

FLNG Seoul, 2013 17

Type C tanks for LNG carriers and floaters
Design constraints for LNG compared to Ethylene:
Higher material shrinkage due to:
Larger delta T during cooling down
Higher material shrinkage factor for AISI 304L
Problem especially for bi-lobe tanks:
for 15 m diameter tanks the shrinkage is 35 mm (304L)
Detailed design review and complete re-design of supports
necessary (displacement and stress analysis, temperature
profiles)!
Design appraisal by a classification society
FEM analysis of tank shell, supports and shipside steel structure
for different loading cases
Patented design for type LNG tank supports

Tank insulation
Same insulation type applied as for LPG or ethylene carriers
LPG/LEG carriers: polystyrene slabs up to 240 mm:
k-value 0.186 W/mK
Increase of insulation thickness to 360 mm: k-value 0.121
Improvement of insulation with combined polystyrene/polyurethane slabs (300 mm): k-value 0.121
Modification of design details of the insulation due to:
shrinkage
stress

FLNG Seoul, 2013 18

Content

Introduction

FPSOs

LNG Carriers

LNG FSRU

FLNG Seoul, 2013 19

Key references: LNG Carriers

7,500 m3 LNG/LEG carrier:

Owner: Anthony Veder, Holland
Yard: Remontova, Poland
Classification: BV
Completion: 2009
Cylindrial type C tanks
Dual fuel, diesel/gas electric drive

15,600 m3 LNG carrier:

Owner: Anthony Veder, Holland
Yard: Meyer-Werft, Germany
Classification: BV
Completion: 2012
Bilobe tanks
Duel fuel, direct drive

FLNG Seoul, 2013 20

Key references: LNG-carriers (under construction)

30,000 m3 LNG-carrier:
Owner: CNOOC, China

Yard: Jiangnan Shipyard, China

Classification: CCS, ABS

Completion: 2015 (under construction)

Scope: Complete gas handling system,
cargo tank design and material
package

28,000 m3 LNG-carrier:
Owner: Dalian INTEH Group, China

Yard: COSCO Dalian

Classification: CCS

Completion: 2015 (under construction)

Scope: Complete gas handling system,
cargo tank design and material
package

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Gas Plant Design

Objective: minimize the CAPEX

Utilize the know-how from design of Ethylene carriers
Main questions:
Cargo tank arrangement
Terminal Compatibility
Boil-off gas handling / propulsion system
Fuel Gas Systems
Multi cargo vessel
Equipment sizing

Cargo Tank Arrangement

Ship capacity < 20,000 m
Cylindrical tank design
2 tank design up to
abt. 12,000 m
3 tank design up to
abt. 20,000 m
Ship capacity > 20,000 m
Bilobe tank design
3 tank design up to
25,000 m
4 tank design up to
45,000 m
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Terminal Compatibility

Manifold position Elevated Manifold

Manifold sizing
Loads on manifold flanges/piping
Mooring arrangement
Fenders parallel body length
ESD ship shore connection
CTS custody transfer

Artist impression from SLNG presss release Aug. 2011 Coral Methane loading in Zeebrugge

- Singapore, Zeebrugge and Gate have confirmed their intentions to built small jetties -

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Cargo Handling System 15,600 cbm LNG carrier

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BOG Handling Multi Cargo Vessels

BOG Handling Multi cargo / Equipment

Pressure increase
Multi cargo vessels have been designed and are available
+ Ease of operation
Qualification of new vendors and technologies for LNG, e.g.
- Limited sailing time
Deepwell pumps
BOG consumption as fuel Valves
Diesel/gas electric Standard ethylene compressors as LNG fuel gas compressors
Direct drive Optimization of Capex with a market specific approach to
BOG reliquefaction upgrade the technology of ethylene carriers to LNG instead of
downsizing full size LNG carriers to small scale LNG
- High capex
- Sophisticated operation
- High maintenance cost
+ high trading flexibility
Gas combustion unit (GCU)
+ ease of operation
- Loss of cargo

3,5 9% Ni

SS 304L
Pressure [bar g]

2,5

2
Bas ic LNG
Com pos ition
1,5 N2:2%
CO2:0%
C1:89%
C2:5,5%
1 C3:2,5%
Tank Volume: 30.000 m
C4:1%
Insulation: 300 mm
Polystyrene
0,5 Initial pressure: 140 mbar g

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Sailing Time [days]

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Fuel Gas Systems

Diesel electric Direct Drive

Two stroke Four Stroke
Supply pressure
BOG handling
Dual Fuel Single fuel
Burning of BOG, Forced vaporization
Separation of fuel Tanks
BOG Compressors, Fuel gas compressors, Transfer Compressors
LNG Compositions
Dynamic behaviour of fuel gas system
Buffer capacities

Gastech, London 2012 26

Mid Scale LNG carrier Designs: 30,000 cbm LNG carrier with bilobe tanks

Principal particulars: Draught/Deadweight:

Length o. a. 184.60 m Design Draught 8.80 m
Length b. p. 175.20 m Corresponding deadweight 17,600 T
Breadth moulded 27.60 m Speed/Endurance:
Depth moulded 18.50 m Service speed at design draft 16.00 kn
Tanks Endurance 12,000 nm
Tank 1 conical bilobe Machinery
Tank 2-4 bilobe Dual fuel engine 9000 kWe

FLNG Seoul, 2013 27

Content

Introduction

FPSOs

LNG Carriers

LNG FSRUs

FLNG Seoul, 2013 28

LNG FSRUs (a case study)

Project example: 2 x 25,000 m FSRU for Caribbean islands

Highly polluting and/or expensive fossil fuels (heavy fuel oil, diesel oil) are nowadays used for
power production at isolated power stations, e. g. on islands
Natural gas is a much cleaner and cost efficient alternative
Less CO2
Less NOx
No SOx
No particulates
Isolated power stations are not connected to NG pipeline grids
The existing LNG infrastructure (ships, terminals) is designed for much larger volumes than
needed for these consumers

FLNG 2013 29

Fellow group company Gasfin Development SA
is currently developing an LNG infrastructure
project together with EDF (Electricit de
France) for their power generation facilities in
Martinique and Guadeloupe.
About Gasfin Development SA:
Offer LNG delivery service utilizing custom
built small to mid-scale infrastructure
Key technology partner: TGE Marine
Majority shareholder Gasfin Group is also a
significant shareholder of TGE Marine
Key technology for Caribbean
project:
TGE Marines design concepts for
small to mid-scale LNG imports
Press release Jan 2011: FEED and
permitting are progressing
Existing HFO powered engines will
switch to LNG
LNG import approx. 400,000 tpa in
total (both islands)
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 Each island: One purpose built FSRU of 25,000 m storage
FSRUs moored in vicinity of power plants with short subsea pipeline to shore
LNG supply from regional terminals by a purpose built LNG carrier
Size of shuttle tanker: Min. 20,000 m (and backup option)

TGE Marine performs the FEED for the shuttle tankers and the FSRUs (hull, marine and
cargo systems); mooring studies, subsea systems, etc. subcontracted to others

FLNG Seoul, 2013 31

Technical concept FSRU

Send out to subsea pipeline via flexible risers

Regasification using air vaporizers (no
environmental impact)
Electricity generated with natural gas fuelled
gensets
20+ year docking interval, designed to
remain on site during severe weather
conditions
Tank design (pressure vessels) increases
operational flexibility
High redundancy with minimal maintenance
Length: 106m; width: 39m;
depth: 20m; draft 7m
Send out: max. 50t/h, normal 25t/h @ 14
bar (battery limit)

FLNG Seoul, 2013 32

Technical concept mooring and berthing

The FSRU will be permanently moored on site for the project life using a spread mooring system with
drag embedment anchors

The system is designed to withstand 100 year return hurricane conditions

The LNGC will berth next to the FSRU in a side by side modus using (conventional) hard arms

Berthing aid systems, quick release mooring hooks and fenders used will be similar to those used at
onshore receiving terminals

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Technical concept FSRU process

FLNG Seoul, 2013 34

Conclusion

TGE has developed cost efficient and fit for purpose solutions throughout the
complete small to mid scale LNG chain.
The first LNG FSLRU is under construction
A number of small to mid-scale LNG carrier have recently been delivered or are
under construction.
Small scale projects can be developed as complete individual chain or with and
interface on the production of supply side to the world scale LNG trade
Several small scale LNG projects planned and close to FIDs
LNG as fuel will be a further driver for this market
Small and mid scale LNG is a future market and which has already started and is
steadily increasing.

FLNG Seoul, 2013 35

For further information please email:
sales@tge-marine.com

Thank you for your attention

www.tge-marine.com