UNIT 1.

THE HUMAN BODY

Cells in the human body

NEW WORDS
Human beingsseres humanos Microscopemicroscopio
Living thingsseres vivos Nutrientsnutrientes
Unicellularunicelular Energyenerga
Multicellularpluriicelular Reactreaccionar
Life processesfunciones vitales Perceivepercibir, sentir
Nutritionnutricin Themselvesellos mismos
Sensitivityrelacin Sizetamao
Reproductionreproduccin Shapeforma
Cellclula Carry outllevar a cabo
Made uphecho de

Living things are made up of cells. They can be unicellular (one cell)or multicellular (lots of
cells). Human beings are multicellular.
A cell is the basic unit of life. We can only see a cell through a microscope.
Cells carry out three life processes: nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction.
Cells are different in size and shape.

Levels of organization
NEW WORDS
Togetherjuntos Tonguelengua
Samemismo Systemssistemas
Joinunirse Withindentro de
Tissuestejidos Commoncomn
Organsrganos Muscular systemsistema muscular
Performdesarrollar Skeletal systemsistema seo
Stomachestmago Locomotor systemsistema locomotor
Heartcorazn Organismsorganismos
Kidneysriones Functionfuncin, funcionar

Our cells work together at different levels of organization: cells tissues organs
systems organisms.
Cells join together to form tissues. For example, muscle tissue or bone tissue are made
up of cells.
Tissues join together to form organs and perform a common function. For example,
the stomach, the heart, the kidneys or the tongue are made up of tissues.
Organs join together to form systems and perform a common function. For example,
the locomotor system is made up of all the muscles and bones in the body. They work
together to move.
Systems work together to form a human being.
 The locomotor system
NEW WORDS
Protectproteger shortcorto
give dar joined unidos
hardduro tendonstendones
rigidrgido brain cerebro
end final orderorden
cartilage cartlago receiverecibir
soft suave pushing empujando
joints articulaciones Afterwardsdespus
between entre Pairs..parejas
ligaments ligamentos Antagonistsantagonistas
tricepstriceps biceps biceps
Relaxrelajar hold sujetar
long largo viceversa...viceversa
contractcontraer

The skeletal system and the muscular system work together in the locomotor system to
move.
The skeletal system
Bones protect the organs and give the body shape. Bones are hard and rigid.
The end of the bones is the cartilage (a soft tissue), joints are between bones and ligaments
(flexible tissue) hold bones together.
The muscular system
All muscles are organs. Relaxed muscles are long and contracted muscles are short. Muscles
are joined to bones by tendons.
How the locomotor system works
Our brain gives an order, the muscle receives the order and contracts pushing the bones and
producing movement. Afterwards, the muscle relaxes.
Muscles works in pairs. They are antagonists. For example the biceps and the triceps. When
one muscle contracts, the other relaxes and vice versa.