Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Terzaghis equations
Continuous footing with width B
qult = cN c D f N q 0.5BN
qult = D f N q 0.5BN
qult = D f N q 0.3BN
qult = D f N q 0.4BN
For Cohesive Soils
Terzaghis Equations - Cohesive
qult = cN c D f N q
qult = 1.3cN c D f N q
qult = 1.3cN c D f N q
geotechnical strength vs.
structural strength of pile
Geotechnical strength is strength of
surrounding material in holding the pile
strength from
skin friction +
strength from
tip resistance
For Water:
Horizontal stress = vertical stress
For Sand
Horizontal stress = vertical stress (K)
At rest condition
K = 1-sin (f)
Skin Friction (in Sand) vs. Depth Curve
Total Skin
Friction is
area
under this
curve
Critical
Depth
H 10D-20D
sv sh = Ksv Ksv(tand)(pD)
Ksv(tand)
Ksv(tand) Ksv(tand)(pD)
Skin Friction of Pile in Sand
1. Critical depth is shallow for loose sand, deep for dense
sand
2. K is Coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest
3. K low for loose sand, high for dense sand
4. K varies 0.6 - 1.25; If you have to pick a value, use 0.8 or 0.9
Where
D is circumference of pile.
Critical depth describes the limit which s h increases with depth. Critical
depth ranges from about 10 pile diameters to about 20 pile diameters
Coefficient of friction (tan d)
between Sand and Pile Material
Material tan d
Concrete 0.45
Wood 0.4
Steel (smooth) 0.2
Steel (rough, rusted) 0.4
Steel (corrugated) Use tan f of sand
End Resistance of Pile in Sand
At the tip:
Or simply:
qtip pv N q (considering small B as compared with depth and critical depth around pile)
Due to displaced nature of soil around pile, Nq is modified to Nq* and chart is available
for value of Nq* against f.
Nq* vs f
DRIVEN
Values of Nq* For Driven and Drilled Piles
f Driven Drilled
20 8 4
25 12 5
28 20 8
30 25 12
32 35 17
34 45 22
36 60 30
38 80 40
40 120 60
42 160 80
45 230 115
Displacement and non-displacement pile (from another reference)
Limiting bearing capacity
Skin friction of pile in Clay
Adhesion is the pulling together between pile skin and surrounding clay.
f . Asurface c ( Adhesion )
Adhesion factor ranges from 1 (when qu = 0 kPa) to 0.4 (when qu = 300 kPa)
Adhesion changes with time after pile driving but cohesion does not.
Adhesion is normally less than but can also becomes equal to cohesion.
Skin Friction (Clay) vs.
Depth Curve
Total Skin
Friction is area
under this
curve
cpD
Adhesion (Bustamante and Gianaselli, 1982)
Where N c is bearing capacity factor which always has a value of about nine (9).
Therefore qtip = 9c
5.7
1.0
Terzaghis Equations - Cohesive
1.3x5.7=7.4 qult = cN c D f N q
10xDepthx1=++
Total=7.4++
Circular footing with width B
qult = 1.3cN c D f N q
qult = 1.3cN c D f N q
Also
C = qu /2
qu(design) = qu(lab) /5
Therefore,