Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(8)
Assignment 6
(8)
EJJ 210 : ASSIGNMENT 6
Surname Initials Student #
Three references.
max. 2.
Tumours on same side of where phone is used
ipselateral.
Some reports say an increased risk of cancers has been
found.
Some reports say no increased risk has been found.
Problems arise only after a long time
[2] K. R. Foster; J.E. Moulder Are mobile phones safe, Proceedings of the IEEE
Spectrum, vol. 37, no 8, pp.23-28, 2000.
[4] K.R. Foster, J.E Moulder Are mobile phones safe, vol. 37, no.8, in 2000, pp. 23 28,
IEEE Spectrum, Aug 2000.
Turnitin Assignment
Submit on 28 April.
EJJ 210 ASSIGNMENT 7
INSTRUCTIONS
In Assignment 5 you had to find 5 references which were to be used as the basis
for the paper to be written in ASS 8. In ASS 6 you summarized three of them, and
saved your document. In this assignment you will
A full discussion on ASS 7 & 8 will be given in Lectures 8 & 9 after the test week.
14.3 IEEE-Format
Page Format:
Top and bottom margins 2.5 cm
Left and Right margins 2.5 cm
Line spacing: 1.0
Font:
Title: Arial 14 pt bold, centred
Text and sub-headings: Times New Roman, 12 pt.
Fully justified.
EJJ 210 ASSIGNMENT 7
Surname Initials Student #
[4] L. Goz Optimized integration of renewable energy in 2011 IEEE 3rd International
Symposium on Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources (EXPRES), pp. 71 -73,
2011.
There are many different ways in which renewable energy can be implemented in our society.
For example, solar panels can be used to decorate skyscrapers, which, if implemented on a
large scale, will be driven by commercial competition.
Another example is the use of underground water for a warm water supply. Since the
underground water is already naturally heated by geothermal energy, a lot less energy is
needed to heat the water up to the desired temperature. Yet, the most effective and practical
ways of implementing renewable energy can vary from country to country.
Every country should evaluate the different initiatives that would practically implement
renewable energy in that specific country. For example, windy countries should consider
wind energy and sunny countries solar energy. If the country doesnt have as many resources
for renewable energy, minimising the use of unsustainable energy will also help; for example
specific, more efficient, combinations of biomass used for energy generation.
EJJ 210 : ASSIGNMENT 7
[5] N. Lior The current status and possible sustainable paths to energy generation and
Use in 2010 1st International Nuclear & Renewable Energy Conference
(INREC), pp. 1 19, 2010.
As the world population rises exponentially the worlds energy consumption does as well, but
the main energy resources (fossil fuels) decrease drastically. It can be seen that as energy
consumption increases and the environment is exploited, water and food supply become poor.
The lack of availability of such basic needs has a huge negative impact on the worlds
economics and increases the gap between rich and poor.
Clearly we have to use more sustainable and renewable resources and to take better care of
our environment, but this must be implemented in a way in which the rebound effect is
regulated. Some options include the use of energy-saving appliances and the recycling of
batteries and bulbs.
Solar energy (mostly photovoltaic) and wind energy is the fastest growing renewable energy
resource today. However, certain biomass, geothermal and hydro generated electricity shows
high potential. Superconductivity doesnt look promising currently, but may be a solution in
the future
Assignment 8
(16)
J.H. Smith
EJJ 210
Power Lines and
Human Health
J.H Smith
EJJ 210
Power Lines and
Human Health
J.H Smith
EJJ 210
Power Lines and
Human Health
J.H Smith
EJJ 210
Power Lines and
Human Health
J.H Smith
EJJ 210
Mobile Phones and
Human Health
J.H Smith
EJJ 210
Power Lines and
Human Health
J.H Smith
EJJ 210
Power Lines and
Human Health
J.H Smith
EJJ 210
16.4 Body Slides
Insert Body slide.
16.5 Presentation Example
Power Lines and
Human Health
J.H Smith
EJJ 210
Power Lines and
Human Health
1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Hypothesis
4. Scientific Basis
5. Epidemiological Methods
6. Causes of Inconsistency
7. Conclusion
Layout of Presentation
1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Hypothesis
4. Scientific Basis
5. Epidemiological Methods
6. Causes of Inconsistency
7. A Conclusion will be presented
An hypothesis that power line
frequencies use can cause serious
health problems has been
proposed.
Various approaches that attempt to
prove that hypothesis have been
proposed and carried out.
To date no definitive answer on the
health effects of power lines have
been reached.
Background
Wertheimer & Leeper relationship between
wiring codes and leukaemia.
Wiring codes make use of dimensions of
overhead wires and proximity.
No measurements of fields carried out.
Mostly epidemiological studies.
Hypothesis
No hypothesis based on scientific
deduction from premises.
Hypothesis based on suspected
epidemiological coincidence of cancerous
diseases.
Proximity to overhead lines and other
sources cause mainly leukaemia in
children.
Scientific basis
Power Frequencies cannot cause cellular
breakdown non-ionising.
Damage to human tissue through heating
by magnetic fields.
Magnetic fields can penetrate all materials
except ferrous alloys.
Electric fields do not penetrate structures.
Epidemiological Methods
Cohort studies are retrospective,
evaluates total population.
Case-control studies compare group of
cases with disease to control group.
Questionnaires have disadvantage of poor
memory, bias,
Combined studies: meta-analysis.
Positive Association
Positive relationship between magnetic
field strength and cancer found.
Aerosols cling to particulate matter;
stripped from power lines under windy
conditions.
Increase in lung diseases downwind.
Incidence highest for long stay in one
location.
Criticism
Total lack of electromagnetic argument
substantiating biological effects.
No cooperation with engineering
scientists.
Electric fields should also be considered
(RWP King).
Age-adjusted incidence of tumors
No Causality
Data does not support hypothesis that
power line fields are related to increased
risk of cancer (Jones).
No significant association was found
across categories with duration of
exposure (Smith).
Validity
Random error
Systematic error
Bias
Selection bias
Confounding
Information bias
Conclusion
Substantial criticism on methodology of
many epidemiological studies.
Biases and error prevent causal
interpretation.
Inconclusive
Assignment 9: Power Point File (04 May)
The detail of the assignment will be made
available at the tutorial on Wednesday 04 May.
Assignment will be in the form of some
information, to be transformed into a power
point file.
Assignment to be completed in the lab, and
submitted.
Six power point slides ON ONE PAGE
ASSIGNMENT WILL BE DONE UNDER EXAM
CONDITIONS.
STUDENTS TO REMAIN IN THEIR GROUPS A & B.
A few things about
electromagnetics
Fields and Radiation
Example
Six slides on