Heat Transfer Tutorials

Q1.
A furnace wall consists of 125 mm wide refractory brick &
125 mm wide insulating fire brick separated by an air gap.
The outside wall is covered with 12 mm thickness of
plaster. The inner surface of the wall is at 1100oC and the
room temperature is 25oC. The heat transfer coefficient
from the outside wall surface to the air in the room is 17
W/m2K, and the resistance to heat flow of the air gap is
0.16 K/W. The thermal conductivities of the refractory
brick, insulating brick and plaster are 1.6, 0.3 and 0.14 W/m
K, respectively.
Calculate:
a) the rate of heat loss per unit area (1m2) of the wall
surface;
b) the temperature at each interface throughout the wall;
c) the temperature at the outside surface of the wall.

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T0 = 1100oC T5 = 25oC

kA V ( T )
Q= (T oT 1) I= Q=
x RE R Th

1.6 x 1
Q= (1100T 1 )....(1)
0.125
(T 1 T 2) (T 1 T 2)
Q= = ...(2)
(R) 0.16
0.3 x 1
Q= (T T 3 )...(3)
0.125 2
0.14 x 1
Q= (T 3 T 4)...(4)
0.012

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 Q=17 x 1 x(T 425)...(5)
Get the equations in the following format & solve
T =Const x Q

Q 1344 W, t1=995, t2=780, t3=220, t4=104

1.6 x 1
Q= (1100T 1 )....(1)
0.125
(T 1 T 2) (T 1 T 2)
Q= = ...(2)
(R) 0.16
0.3 x 1
Q= (T T 3 )...(3)
0.125 2
0.14 x 1
Q= (T 3 T 4)...(4)
0.012
Q=17 x 1(T 425)...(5)

0.0781 Q = 1100 T1 (6)

0.16 Q = T1 T2 (7)
0.4167 Q = T2 T3 (8)
0.0857 Q = T3 T4 (9)
0.0588 Q = T4 25 (10)

(6) + (7) + (8) + (9) + (10),

0.7993 Q = 1100 25 or Q = 1344.93 W

Substituting,
(6) T1 = 994.96oC
(7) T2 = 779.77oC
(8) T3 = 219.33oC
(9) T4 = 104.08oC

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Q2. A steel pipe of 100 mm bore and 7mm wall thickness,
carrying steam at 260oC, is insulated with 40mm insulation
layer. It is further covered by felt of 60mm thickness. The
atmospheric temperature is 15oC. The heat transfer
coefficients (h) for the inside and outside surfaces are 550
& 15 W/m2K respectively.

Take thermal conductivity for the three substances as

follows:

Steel 50 W/mK;
Insulation layer 0.09 W/mK; and
Felt 0.07 W/mK

Calculate
a) the rate of heat loss per unit length (1m) of pipe,
b) the temperature of the outside surface

Note:

Based on the electrical analogy, take the resistances as

follows:

ln (r 2 /r 1)
Resistance of a layer in a pipe R=
2 K
where, r2 > r1, K is the conductivity of material in W/mK

Resistance of the boundary layer (inside or outside)

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 1
R=
h x (2 r x 1)

where, (2r x 1) is the exposed area of pipe (1 m length) , h

is the conductivity of material in W/m2K

r1 = 0.05 m
r2 = 0.057m
r3 = 0.097m
r4 = 0.157m

ln(r 2 /r1 )
R=
2K
1
R=
h x (2 r x 1)

( T )
Q= ( T )=R Th x Q
R Th

t0 = Steam temperature (260oC);

t1 = Steel temperature;
t2 = Steel-insulation layer interface temperature;
t3 = Insulation_layer-felt interface temperature;
t4 = Felt-air interface temperature;
t5 = Outside air temperature (15oC)

to t1 = RInner Boundary Layer x Q

t1 t2 = RSteel x Q
t2 t3 = RInsulation Layer x Q
t3 t4 = RFelt x Q
t4 t5= ROuter Boundary Layer x Q

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to t5 =
( RInner Boundary Layer+ RSteel + RInsulation Layer + Rfelt + ROuter Boundary Layer).Q

260 15 = (.) . Q

Q = ?? (Ans 116 W) t4 = ?? (Ans 22.8oC)

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