Manual de CNC Torno PDF

Programming Manual
Boxford 280 B
Programming Manual
Boxford
Boxford Ltd.,
Wheatley, Halifax, West Yorkshire,
England, HX3 5AF.
(Registered Office)
Telephone: 01422 358311
Fax: 01422 355924
E-mail: info@boxford.co.uk
Web: www.boxford.co.uk
Boxford 280B Contents
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Running the Demonstration Program
3 Axes and Tooling
3.1 Axes and Datum
3.2 Turret
3.3 Quick Change Toolpost
3.4 Gang Plate
3.5 Driven Tool
3.6 Spindle Speed, Rotation and Tool Orientation
3.7 Tailstock
3.8 Chuck
3.9 Collet
3.10 Tool Libraries
3.11 Setting Up
4 CAM Programming
4.1 Functions
4.2 Information Required
4.3 Creating a CAM Program
4.4 Example
4.5 Drawing Straight Lines
4.6 Drawing Arcs
4.7 Drawing Threads
4.8 Processing a Profile
4.9 Editing a CAM Profile
4.10 CAM Tools
5 CNC Programming
5.1 Operations and Programming Sheets
5.2 Absolute and Incremental Co-ordinates
5.3 Speeds and Feeds
5.4 Program Format
5.5 Preparatory Functions (G Codes)
5.6 Miscellaneous Functions (M Codes)
5.7 Canned Cycles
5.8 Inputting a New Program
5.8.1 Information Required
5.8.2 Tabulated Format
5.8.3 Compact Format
5.9 Saving a Program
5.10 Examining an Existing Program
5.11 Editing a Program
5.11.1 New Programs
5.11.2 Existing Programs
5.11.3 MENU Editing Options
5.12 Continuing a Program
6 CNC and CAM Machining

6.1 Initial Checks
6.2 Manufacture
6.3 Options During Machining
7 Manual Machining
Tutorials and Exercises
Tutorial 1: Linear Interpolation -

Tabulated and Compact Program Display
Exercise 1: Simple Programming - Absolute Co-ordinates
Tutorial 2: Incremental Co-ordinate Programming
Exercise 2: Simple Programming - Incremental Co-ordinates
Tutorial 3: Turning and Facing a Stepped Shaft
Exercise 3: Turning and Facing a Stepped Shaft
Tutorial 4: Circular Interpolation
Exercise 4: Circular Interpolation
Tutorial 5: Circular Interpolation and Roughing Cuts with a Tool
Change
Exercise 5: Circular Interpolation and Roughing Cuts with a Tool
Change
Tutorial 6: Canned Cycles - Facing and Rough Turning
Exercise 6: Canned Cycles - Facing and Rough Turning
Tutorial 7: Canned Cycles - Grooving
Exercise 7: Canned Cycles - Grooving
Tutorial 8: Canned Cycles - External LH Thread
Exercise 8: Canned Cycles - External RH Thread
Tutorial 9: Canned Cycles - Peck Drilling
Exercise 9: Canned Cycles - Deep Hole Peck Drilling
Tutorial 10: Circular Interpolation - Partial Arcs
Exercise 10: Circular Interpolation - Partial Arcs
Tutorial 11: Combining G Codes to Produce a Program
Exercise 11: Using a Combination of G Codes
Tutorial 12: Programming Spidle Orientation and Driven Tooling.
Operations Sheet
Programming Sheet
1 Introduction
This manual gives guidance in using the 280 B machine for creating and editing CNC
and CAM programs for turned components, and in executing programs to manufacture
components.
The software includes a demonstration CNC program, and a number of tutorial
programs.
It is suggested that the manual should be used as follows:
1. Refer to Section 2 and run the demonstration program. This will provide rapid
familiarisation with the operation of the software and the machining process.
2. Study Section 3 to become proficient in setting up the tooling.
3. Refer to Section 4 to demonstrate the convenience and ease of operation of a typical
CAM system.
4. Use Section 5 for detailed instruction in CNC programming. Tutorial 1 is used as an
example to demonstrate the stages of programming and software operation.
5. Use the Tutorials and Exercises in the order in which they appear, to progress from basic
programming skills to proficiency in the more advanced features of CNC programming.
When programs have been written and verified, refer to Section 6 as required, to
machine components.
Boxford 280B 2 Running the Demonstration Program
2 Running the Demonstration

Program
The demonstration program contains examples of parallel and radius turning, and a
finished component can be machined from the billet supplied with the machine. Run
the program as follows to provide a tutorial in programming and machining:
Set Up the Machine 1. Make sure the billet is securely fitted in the chuck. Check that the first tool to be used
is the LH turning tool and the second tool is the parting tool. Set these up as follows:
Turret: Fit LH turning tool in position 1, Parting tool in position 7. (Refer to Figure 3.2 in Section
3 for tool positions in the turret).
Gang Plate: Set both tools into individual toolholders, then fix toolholders into suitable locations on
the gang plate to permit their use in sequence.
Quick Change Set both tools into individual toolholders. Fit the LH turning tool and
Toolpost: toolholder assembly into the X-axis slot of the toolpost (refer to Figure 3.4 in Section
3 for tool fitting and axis slot). During machining, the machine will stop and it will be
necessary to remove and replace this tool with the parting tool assembly in the same X-
axis toolholder slot.
2. Run the software and check that it is correctly configured by selecting CONFIG from
the main menu. (Refer to Appendix A in the Installation and User Manual if necessary).
Check Tool Settings 3. Refer to Section 3 - Axes and Tooling, 3.9 Setting Up, to set up the tooling, offsets and
datum position.
Select the Program 4. From the main menu select PROGRAM, then Program, and view Catalogue 1 to
identify the demonstration program which is called DEMO:
5. Select the program. The screen shows the Program display, with a 2D view of the
component:
View the Component 6. Select VIEW to produce a 3D view of the component. After a pause, the display
will show the 3D view:
Use the cursor keys to manipulate the 3D view as follows:
Increase
size
Rotate Rotate
anticlockwise clockwise
Decrease
size
HOME Restore
original view
Show the Program 7. Select INFO to show the program details:

Details
8. Turn off the program details display. (Press ESC or EOB).

Display the Program 9. Select MENU , and then Display:
Scroll the display to examine the program:
Press or to scroll one line.
10. Turn off the program display: (Press ESC).

Simulate Machining 11. Select MENU , then 2D Simulate:

- 2D
Repeatedly press EOB to move through the program line-by-line. The simulation shows
the tool movement and material removed as each line of the program is executed.
To move forward through the program to a specific line, select MENU , and then
Go to Line. Input the required line number when prompted, and press EOB.
To produce a 3D view of the workpiece, select MENU and then 3D View. To
return to the 2D view, press EOB.
To run the simulation automatically, select MENU and then Fast Mode; the
program will be run in a continuous sequence. To return to line-by-line simulation, select
MENU and then Step Mode.
To end the simulation before the end of the program, press ESC .
At the end of the program the screen returns to the program display.
Simulate Machining 12. Select MENU , then 3D Simulate:

- 3D
Select MENU , and demonstrate the use of the options available as for 2D
simulation, until the screen again shows the program display.
13. Turn off the program display.
Machine the Refer to Section 6 - CNC and CAM Machining.

Component
Boxford 280B Axes and Tooling
3 Axes and Tooling
3.1. Axes and Datum

Axes: The toolholder can move in two axes, X and Z, (see Figure 3.1).
Datum Position: The location of the datum position is established at the factory, and details are provided
with the machine. The offsets of all tools are set in relation to the datum position.
Home Position: The toolholder is parked in the home position by homing switches. During setting up,
it is necessary to set the datum position in relation to the home postion.
+X
-Z +Z
-X
Figure 3.1 Axes and Datum Position

Boxford 280B 3.1 Axes and Tooling
External tools: 1, 3, 5, 7 6 5
Internal tools: 2, 4, 6, 8
4
3
2
1
Machines without homing switches:

1: Reference tool
3: Second tool
Figure 3.2 Turret Tool Positions

3.2 Turret (Figure 3.2)
The turret is a motor driven, disc type toolpost with positions for up to eight tools, four
external and four internal; each position is numbered.
Tools can be accessed by indexing the turret using the TURRET INDEX key on the
control panel or from the software.
Fitting Tools External tools are secured in radial slots by tapered clamp blocks held by two fixing
screws. Longitudinal positioning is achieved by pushing the tool towards the turret
centre so that it touches the location stop. Internal tools are secured in their predrilled
holes with tubular toolholders and two sunken screws.
Setting Tool Height This will normally have been set at the factory and should require no adjustment. If it
is found to be incorrect it is recommended that a Boxford service engineer is called.
However it is permissible to adjust it by putting a tool into the working position, then
inserting packing as appropriate between the turret toolpost and cross-slide. If this does
not achieve correct tool height, or other tools heights are still incorrect, contact the
factory.
3.3 Quick Change Toolpost
Fitting Tools The quick change toolpost has two slots to provide for convenient and rapid manual
(Figures 3.3 and 3.4) tool changing. A toolholder with a tool already secured in it by the four securing screws
is placed into the shaped slots which provide instant positive location, and is rigidly held
there by tightening the single clamping screw, using the clamp screw key provided. The
toolpost will only accept a single toolholder at a time. External tools are fitted to the X
axis slot while internal tools use the Z axis slot.
A quick change toolpost can be fitted to the lower section of the X-axis cross slide in
addition to a gang plate.
Fit a tool into the standard flat bottomed toolholder by tightening the four securing
screws on to the tool shank. The tool should protrude approximately 20mm (0.75in)
from the toolholder face. Keep this dimension consistent for all the external tools. Put
the toolholder into the toolpost and lock it into position using the clamping screw.
Tool Clamping Screw
Tool Tool Securing Screws
Figure 3.3 Quick Change Toolpost

Height Setting-External Tools Refer to Section 7 - Manual Machining to move the tool manually to set the tool height,
which is checked by taking a light facing cut on the end of the workpiece. If adjustment
is needed to centre the tool, use the centre height adjustment screw on the toolholder
as follows:
1. Visually check the height to the workpiece centre point. The actual height from the top
of the cross slide to the centre of the spindle is stamped on the right hand side of the
cross slide near the bottom of the slide.
Note:
Do not confuse this value with the machine serial no. which is stamped on the right hand face of the Z
axis slide.
2. To adjust the height slacken the clamping screw and the centre height adjustment screw.
Turn the knurled adjustment knob clockwise to raise the tool, anticlockwise to lower it.
When the height is correct tighten the Allen screw then tighten the tool clamping screw.
3. Check that the tool is exactly on the centre line by taking a light facing cut on the end
of the workpiece, running the spindle in reverse. Repeat the adjustment if necessary.
Tool
Clamping
Screw
Constant
Centre Height Tool Securing

Adjustment Screw Screws
Figure 3.4 Tool Fitting and Adjustment

Height Setting - Internal Tools These tools can be fitted directly into the V location toolholders intended for use with
the drills. Although not essential, it is better if they are located into a tubular holder. This
can easily be made as shown in Figure 3.5.
Put a toolholder with its tool on to the toolpost and set the centre height to the workpiece
centre line exactly as for external tools. Repeat this procedure for all of the tools.
Drill Tube
Figure 3.5 Internal Tool Fitting Detail

3.4 Gang Plate (Figure 3.6)
This is a plate with drilled holes enabling up to three simple channel shaped toolholders
to be clamped on to it. Tool positions are free, limited by hole line-up between
toolholder and gang plate and by ensuring that every tool mounted can reach the work
over the required range without fouling anything or causing other tools to foul
something.
Fitting the Tools Select a tool position and fit the channel toolholder using the securing screws. Clamp
the tool into it with the four clamping screws.
Setting Tool Height There is no tool height setting adjustment provided as this is pre-set at the factory. If
correction is needed, contact the factory.
Securing
Screws
Clamping
Screws
Channel
Toolholder
Figure 3.6 Gang Plate

3.5 Driven Tooling
The Driven Tooling attachment is fitted to the front of the cross-slide. The Tool can
be fitted so it is in line with any of the three axis using the two holders provided. The
Tool position in the Y axis can be adjusted using the manual turnwheel on the top of
the slide.
In figure 3.7 below, the tool is aligned with the X axis.
Handwheel with scale

Y axis slide
+Y
+X
+Z
-Z
Y axis slide
mounting block
-X
-Y
Mounting Bracket Type 1 Driven Tool

Attachment
Figure 3.7 Driven Tool Attachment

Mounting bracket type 1 can be bolted to the front of the Y axis slide to allign the driven
tool with the Z axis.
To allign the driven tool with the Y axis, Mounting bracket type 2 is used. See Fig 3.8
below.
Figure 3.8 Mounting Bracket Type 2
Driven Tooling can only be activated from program using M10 (driven tool active) and
M11 (driven tool off).
3.6 Spindle Rotation and Tool Orientation
Rotation The spindle can run forward (anticlockwise when viewed on chuck jaws) and in reverse
(Figure 3.9) (clockwise when viewed on chuck jaws). Direction and speed of rotation are controlled
either by the SPINDLE CW and CCW keys on the machine control panel (refer to
Installation and User Manual Section 5 Machine Controls) or by means of M codes (M03
= Forward and M04 = Reverse) selected from software.
For machining a workpiece held in the chuck with the tool fitted in the normal way, i.e.
with the cutting edge uppermost, the direction of rotation is as follows:
Direction M Code
External turning, toolholder at back Reverse M04
External turning, toolholder at front Forward M03
Internal turning (centre drills, drills) Forward M03
Internal turning (boring, threading) Reverse M04
Tool Orientation If tools are fitted upside down, take care to select the appropriate direction of spindle
rotation. Once the initial tool is specified, which then sets the direction of rotation,
ensure that all subsequent tools are fitted in the same orientation to avoid the need to
reverse the direction of rotation at tool changes while running a program.
WORKPIECE IN CHUCK REVERSE Tool holder at back

+X
-Z +Z
FORWARD -X Tool holder at front
EXTERNAL TURNING INTERNAL TURNING
USING TAILSTOCK REVERSE +X POSITIVE X VALUES ONLY
-Z +Z
FORWARD -X NEGATIVE X VALUES ONLY
Figure 3.9 Spindle Rotation and Tool Orientation

3.7 Tailstock
A conventional tailstock may be fitted. Alternatively, a pneumatically-operated tailstock

may be fitted, operated by the TAILSTOCK QUILL keys on the control panel. The
pneumatically-operated tailstock may be operated under software control using M41
(Extend) and M42 (Retract).
3.8 Chuck
A manual or pneumatic chuck may be fitted. Pneumatic chucks are operated either by
using the CHUCK OPEN and CLOSE keys on the control panel (refer to Installation
and User Manual Section 5 Machine Controls) or from within software by use of
appropriate M code (M40 = Open, M39 = Close).
Unless specified otherwise, pneumatic chuck jaws are prebored at the factory to suit
customer requirements. Should work with larger diameter workpieces be undertaken,
the pneumatic chuck jaws can be bored out to avoid the need to purchase another
pneumatic chuck, as follows:
1. Press the CHUCK CLOSE key and set the jaws to position to provide s u f f i c i e n t
material for boring. To move the jaws unfasten the two screws in the jaws, raise the jaws
from the serration plates and position them accordingly, then refasten the screws
ensuring that the jaws are equi-distant from the centre line of the chuck.
2. Make a washer 1mm thick with bore the same diameter that the chuck is to be bored.
The outside diameter of washer can be 30mm.
3. Press the CHUCK OPEN key.
4. Bore out the face of the jaws 1mm deep, 30.12mm diameter (0.12mm larger than the
outside diameter of the washer).
5. Place the washer on to the machined jaw face and press the CHUCK CLOSE key to
clamp the outside diameter of the washer.
6. Revolve the chuck forward at approximately 2000 rev/min.
7. Bore out the jaws using the washer bore as a gauge. Use the axis control keys to provide
tool movement with the FEED knob set to 75%.
8. When boring is complete stop the spindle and press the CHUCK OPEN key to release
the washer.
3.9 Collet (Figure 3.10)
A Pneumatic Collet Chuck may be fitted and is controlled in the same way as a
Pneumatic chuck. To fit the Pneumatic Collet, complete the following procedures.
1. Isolate the machine and disconnect the main Air supply. Remove the current chucking.
2. Remove the backplate (secured with 3 bolts). Clean the spindle nose.
3 & 4. Asseble nose piece and collar.
5 & 6. Fit nose piece and collar assembly onto spindle ensuring the '0' on the collar is alligned
with the '0' on the spindle.
7. Put a Dial Test Indicator on nose piece and tighten the three bolts securing the collar
to the spindle until the spindle nose piece is running true.
8. Insert the Black Knurled headed Collar Pin into the draw bar assembly.
9. Push draw bar assembly down the rear of the spindle.
8 & 10. Fit yoke pin into draw bar assembly and secure with 2 grub screws (3mm Alen Key).
11. Fit yoke bar into yoke and secure with Cap head screw and washer (5mm Alen key).
12. Locate the Collar Pin.
13. Fit the required Collet into the nose piece.
14. Lift up spring loaded drive sprag.
15. Screw the drawbar unit into the collet adusting for the bar diameter to be used. Re-
engage drive sprag.
16. Re-connect the main air supply and switch on the machine. The collet system is now
ready for use.
Removal is the reverse of the above procedure.
NOTE: If reverting to manual chucking, and maximum diameter through spindle is not
required, then reversse steps 16-13 and 6-1 inclusive.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15. 16.
Figure 3.10 Fitting Collet Chucking

3.10 Tool Libraries
The software provides a Tool Data Library which enables details of tooling and offsets
to be entered and a Tool Library from which tools can be selected for inclusion in the
Tool Data Library. The library is set up by means of a tooling menu.
Before attempting to set up the tooling for the first time, view the libraries and the
tooling menu to become familiar with the details, as follows:
Tool Data Library 1. From the main menu, select MACHINE and then Tools.
The screen shows the Tool Data Library, (Figure 3.11). Practice selecting tools as
shown.
1 2 3 4
1. Tool number used by CNC program to select required tool

2. Tool position on Turret (not used with Gang plate or Quick
change tool holder)
3. Tool type and description (selected from tool library)
4. Tool offsets
To select a tool:
Press or to highlight the required tool.

Figure 3.11 Tool Data Library

Tooling Menu 2. Select MENU to display the tooling menu:
The use of these options for setting and editing the Tool Data Library is detailed later
in this section.
Note:
After setting up or editing the library, always select Save Tool data.
Tool Library 3. From the tooling menu, select Tool Library.
The screen displays the first page of the Tool Library, (Figure 3.12), which shows the
twelve pre-defined tools. These tools can not be altered.
Figure 3.12 Tool Library

Pressing EOB will display the second page which offers an additional six tools, all of
which are definable by the user.
Turn off the Tool Library display to reveal the Tool Data Library.
Tool Definitions 4 From the tooling menu, select Tool Definitions.
The screen shows tool type 1, the left hand turning tool, with three dimensions required
to draw the tool.
Note:
Tools 1 to 12 are pre-defined and can not be altered.
Scroll through the tools until tool type 13 is displayed. Initially this tool is undefined and
the display area is blank.
To define a new tool shape, press the ALTER key and use the and keys to

select the required type of tool.
Enter the three dimensions A, B and C; pressing EOB after each entry.
Should an incorrect dimension be entered, use either the CANCEL key (if EOB has not
been pressed), or the and keys to move back to the value and re-enter it.

After all three dimensions have been entered, press EOB again to accept them.
The new tool shape will be displayed, along with its dimensions.
3.11 Setting Up
Note:
A billet of the appropriate size will be required for this procedure. In order to run the demonstration
program, a LH turning tool and a parting tool are required. To run the program, set up the LH turning
tool as the first tool and the parting tool as the second tool in the following procedure.
1. Fit the required tools into the toolholding system supplied.
Fit Tooling
With the quick change toolpost, fit the first tool required. After setting the offset of the
first tool, it will be necessary to substitute the next tool before setting its offset.
If the toolholder is too close to the chuck to allow the tools to be fitted, move the
toolholder away from the chuck under manual control, (see Section 7 - Manual
Machining).
2. Check that the RESET button on the machine control panel has been pressed to
initialise the machine.
3. From the main menu select CONFIG and then Program.
Configure Software 4. On the PROGRAM display, set UNITS MODE to the units required for tool offsets
and programming.
5. If a turret is fitted, select CONFIG and then Hardware, and check that TURRET is
set to FITTED.
6. From the main menu, select MACHINE and then Tools to display the Tool Data
Library. Defaults of the first tool will be highlighted, for example:
Check the settings. If they are correct, continue at step 14 to set the second tool.
For the demonstration program, the settings should be as shown.
7. Select the tool to be edited by using the keys to highlight the required tool and

pressing EOB.
1 To check tool type, press ESC then select MENU and

Tool library to view tool library.
2 To check tool position, for Turret only, refer to Figure 3.2
3 Offsets for reference tool are zero.
To edit tool details:

Type required number in highlighted box
Press EOB to accept last entry and highlight next box
When last box is highlighted, press EOB: highlight will disappear
Press EOB to turn off display
Figure 3.12 Tool Editing Display

8. The screen shows the tool editing display, with the first item (Tool type) highlighted,
(Figure 3.12).
Edit the display to show the required Tool type (and Turret position if applicable). Do
not edit the offsets.
9. Select , Machine and then Datum Position.
Set Datum Position Note:

The datum values are set at the factory, and it should only be necessary to reset the datum values if the
original setting is lost or the workholding or toolholding devices are moved or changed. In order to set the
datum values, the information supplied with the machine will be required; this information consists of
an X and a Z axis measurement.
10. From the main menu, select MACHINE and then Datum Position. The screen
shows:
Enter the X and Z axis measurements supplied with the machine.

The workshift value is the distance from the Front Face of the Spindle Nose to the Front
Face of the chucking used. See fig. 3.13. Enter the appropriate value for your chucking
arrangement.
Select SAVE .
The screen returns to the main menu.
Workshift
1. Chuck
Workshift
2. Collet
Figure 3.13 Workshift Measurements for different Chucking

11. Select , Machine and then Tools.

12. Select MENU , and then Set Tool Offsets.
13. The screen shows:
Home the axes using the HOME and AXIS DIRECTION keys.
14. When the axes are homed, the screen shows:
Fit a billet into the chuck. Enter its diameter and length, and select OK by pressing
EOB.
15. The screen shows the tool offsets setting display, (Figure 3.14).
On the control panel, select Manual mode. Using the X and Z AXIS DIRECTION keys,
follow the instructions to position the point of the tool on the reference diameter (the
periphery of the billet).
TOOLS OTHER THAN DRILLS Tool position on axes
DRILLS Tool position on axes
Figure 3.14 Tool Offsets Setting Display

16. When the tool is in the correct position, select ACCEPT . The screen shows:
Use the X and Z AXIS DIRECTION keys to touch the point of the tool on the end of
the billet, and select ACCEPT .
Set Additional 17. The screen again shows the Tool Data Library.
Tool Offsets
To set the offset of the next tool, fit or index the tool and repeat the procedure from
step 6.
Note:
For setting the offsets of the second and any subsequent tools, it will not be necessary to home the axes
or enter the billet dimensions (steps 13 and 14).
Setting Driven 18. The Driven Tool can be positioned in either of the two holders provided with the
Tool Offsets machine to align the tool with any of the 3 machine axis as shown in figure 3.15 (see
section 3.5).
Position 2 Y X
Position 3
Z
Position 1
Figure 3.15 Driven Tool Positions

With the Tool in any of the positions the user is prompted to touch on to the reference
diameter and the bar end. Use the following procedures to correctly define Driven Tool
offsets.
a. Driven Tool - Position 1
i. Ensure the Driven Tool centre is alligned with the billet centre by
adjusting the slide (Y axis.).
ii. Reference Diameter - Touch the bottom of the driven tool onto the bar
diameter. Select EOB
iii. Bar End - Touch the outside diameter of the driven tool onto the bar end.
Without moving the Z axis, move the driven tool clear of the bar diameter
using X-
Note the Z feedback reading on the screen. Move the Z axis 1/2 the
diameter of the driven tool using Z-. When in position, select EOB
b. Driven Tool - Position 2

i. Ensure the Driven Tool centre is below the billet centre by adjusting the
slide (Y axis).
ii. Reference Diameter - Touch the outside diameter of the driven tool onto
the bar diameter. Select EOB
iii. Bar End - Touch the outside diameter of the driven tool onto the bar end.
Without moving the Z axis, move the driven tool clear of the bar diameter
using X-.
Note the Z feedback reading on the screen. Move the Z axis 1/2 the
diameter of the driven tool using Z-. When in position, select EOB
c. Driven Tool - Position 3

i. Ensure the Driven Tool centre is is alligned with the billet centre by
adjusting the slide (Y axis.).
ii. Reference Diameter - Touch the outside diameter of the driven tool onto
the bar diameter. Select EOB
iii. Bar End - Touch the bottom of the driven tool onto the bar end.
Without moving the X axis, move the driven tool clear of the bar diameter
using Z+.
Note the X feedback reading on the screen. Move the X axis 1/2 the
diameter of the driven tool using X+. When in position, select EOB
When the offsets of all the required tools have been set, either select MENU `and
then Save Tool Data, or press ESC. If ESC is pressed, the screen shows the message:
With the YES window highlighted, press EOB to save the offsets.
Backlash Compensation Note:

The values which appear in the X and Z windows are set at the factory. They will only require resetting
if the original settings are lost, or if the ballscrews on the machine are replaced.
To view the backlash compensation settings, select Machine - Backlash Compensation.
The window below is shown.
Boxford 280B CAM Programming
4 CAM Programming
4.1 Functions
The CAM programming features of the software provide the following functions:
New Programs A new component is created by producing a profile on screen. When the profile is
complete, it is processed by the software which converts it into a CNC program and
saves it. The appropriate G and M codes are included, and speeds, feeds, roughing cuts
and tool changes are incorporated into the program automatically.
Existing Programs Programs stored in a CAM catalogue can be edited in CAM or CNC format. Programs
created in CAM format are presented in CNC format using absolute co-ordinates.
Programs stored in a CNC catalogue can only be viewed and edited in CNC format.
Boxford 280B 4.2 CAM Programming
4.2 Information Required
To create a new CAM program you will need the following information:
1. Drawing:
The work datum is the centre of the right hand end of the bar. Since the profile is
symmetrical about the centreline of the bar, only positive X co-ordinates need be
dimensioned. All Z co-ordinates are negative, measured from the end of the bar:
+X
dimensions required
-Z datum
The drawing should make allowance for completing the chuck end of the workpiece.
If threads are incorporated, make allowance for undercutting between the end of the
thread and any shoulder.
For ease of programming, mark the co-ordinates of the start and end points of each
element of the profile as shown in Figure 4.2.
2. Tools Used:
Choose the appropriate tools for each machining operation, and set up the tooling as
for CNC machining.
3. Details of the billet:
Outside diameter
Inside diameter (if the billet is hollow or a tube)
Length
Material (aluminium, brass, mild steel or plastic).
4. Program Name:
A name for your program (This must be a valid DOS filename, without a file extension,
using a maximum of 7 characters and not including spaces or the following punctuation
marks: , . \ or /).
5. Configuration Settings:
The STANDOFF option automatically adds the depth of cut to a 2mm standoff
(clearance between tool and workpiece) when using canned cycles. This option, and
other configuration settings, can be activated by selecting CONFIG - Program from
the main menu and making the required settings.
4.3 Creating a CAM Program
Check Configuration 1. From the main menu, select CONFIG - Program, and check the UNITS MODE
setting. (The other settings do not apply to CAM programming). Select STANDOFF
if required.
Input Program Details 2. From the main menu select PROGRAM - Cam, and from the catalogue select NEW
PROGRAM. Input the program title and bar dimensions (including inside diameter if
the bar is hollow), as for CNC programming. If drilling is required, enter the depth of
the hole at the prompt.
CAM Display 3. After inputting the program details press EOB; the screen shows the CAM display.
(Figure 4.1)
The display enables the profile of the component to be built up from straight lines, arcs
and threads, superimposed on the outline of the billet. As each element of the profile
is added, details of the corresponding line of the program appear in the program display
window (1), in CAM program format (refer to 4.8).
For a solid billet, beginning at the workpiece datum (6) the profile is built up from right
to left in the graphics area (3) formed by the top half of the billet outline. As each
element is added, it is automatically mirrored in the bottom half of the billet outline to
produce a symmetrical profile.
Note:
For hollow billets, the workpiece datum is set at the intersection of the bore and the end face.
The UNDO option deletes the last element added, together with the corresponding
line of the program, and can be used repetitively to delete previous elements and lines.
Straight lines and arcs are created by manual input of co-ordinates, (see 4.5 and 4.6
below). Threads are created by manual input of data, (see 4.7).
1. Program display window

2. Billet outline (bore shown if hollow)
3. Graphics area (top half of billet outline)
4. Length of billet (Z co-ordinate)
5. Diameter of billet (X co-ordinate)
6. Workpiece datum
5
1
2
3
END Processes the profile

LINE For manual input of straight line co-ordinates
ARC For manual input of arc co-ordinates
THREAD For input of thread details
UNDO Deletes last line of program (repetitively)
MENU Save profile Saves profile without processing and can also be used to
rename a profile
3D View Produces 3D view of workpiece
Redraw Re-draws profile after changes
Grid Snap Sets fineness of graphics grid
Figure 4.1 CAM Display

Set Grid Snap The fineness of the grid to which the co-ordinates will snap can be set as follows:
4. Select MENU - Grid snap. The screen shows:
The default value is 1.00mm as shown. Along the Z axis the pitch of the grid is equal
to the value set. Along the X axis the pitch is half the set value, since each element
of the profile is mirrored below the centreline of the workpiece. For example, setting
the grid snap to 5.00mm produces the following grid:
+X
centreline 2.5mm
-Z
5mm
Edit the setting if required by overtyping, and press EOB. For the example given in this
Section, accept the default setting.
Note:
The setting can be edited later during the creation of a profile if required.
4.4 Example (Figure 4.2)
Figure 4.2 shows a drawing of a component whose profile consists of straight lines, arcs
and a thread. The co-ordinates of the start and end points of each element have been
marked in the top half of the billet outline.
The straight lines and arcs can be machined with the LH turning tool (1) and parting tool
(11). To cut the thread it will be necessary to fit an external threading tool and to add
this to the Tool Data Library.
Create a new program named EXAMPLE as detailed in 4.3 above, and refer to 4.5, 4.6
and 4.7 for guidance in producing the profile shown in Figure 4.2.
Note:
A copy of the CAM program for this component is included in a catalogue, and is named CAMPROG.
Co-ordinates shown in the format: X, Z

10mm x 0.75mm pitch RH
X +25
21,-39 21,-29
17,-45 15,-9
16,-29 10,-14
8,-1
10,-16 8R 8R
8,-4
0,-45 0,0
Z -50
Figure 4.2 Example of Drawing for CAM Program

4.5 Drawing Straight Lines
1. Select LINE ; the screen will show:
The window shows the co-ordinates of the end point of the last element to be drawn.
Since no element has yet been drawn the co-ordinates are those of the datum.
2. Enter the co-ordinates of the end point of the first line: X = 8, Z = -1, and press EOB.
The first line of the profile will appear, mirrored by a symmetrical line in the bottom
half of the billet outline.
3. Repeat this procedure to set the end point of the next line of the profile:
X = 8, Z = -4
If you make a mistake, select UNDO to erase the last line, and repeat the procedure.
4.6 Drawing Arcs
1. Select ARC , and Clockwise arc (GO2) or Counter-clockwise arc (GO3)

as required.
For the first arc in the example, select Counter-clockwise arc (GO3).
Enter the radius of the arc. (For the example, enter 8.00mm).
The X and Z co-ordinates shown are those of the end point of the last element in the
profile (A). Enter the co-ordinates of the end point of the arc (B):
3. Press EOB: the arc will appear on the display, and will be mirrored by a symmetrical arc
in the bottom half of the billet outline.
4. For the example, repeat the procedure to draw the second arc. Set the radius to 12.00mm
and the co-ordinates of the end points to X = 10, Z = -14:
10,-14
If you make a mistake, select UNDO to erase the last arc, and repeat the procedure.
4.7 Drawing Threads
1. For the example, draw the next three straight lines of the profile in preparation for
adding the threaded section:
2. Select THREAD ; the screen shows:
3. Select left hand or right hand thread as required. For the example, select right hand
thread.
Change the PITCH/TPI value if required, entering either a pitch (metric units) or
threads per inch (Imperial units).
For the example, set the pitch to 0.75mm.
The Z co-ordinate is that of the end-point of the last element on the profile (A). Enter
the Z co-ordinate of the end-point of the thread (B) and press EOB.
B A
5. The thread will appear on the profile, and the corresponding line will be added to the
program display:
9 X = 21.00 Z = -39.00 RH THREAD, PITCH/TPI = 0.75
6. For the example, draw the remaining straight lines to complete the profile:
Boxford 280B 4.8CAM Programming
4.8 Processing a Profile
1. Select END ; the screen shows:
Enter the material type; the appropriate depths of cut will automatically be incorporated
into the program.
2. Press EOB. The screen shows:
Enter the billet dimensions and press EOB.

If any dimension is too small to enable the profile to be machined, an appropriate
message will be displayed. Repeat the procedure and amend the dimension as necessary.
The length must incorporate the width of the parting tool if the item is to be parted off.
3. The program will be scrolled in the program display area, (accompanied by the graphical
display beneath it, if selected), in CNC compact format.
The bottom line of the program display area will show messages which explain what the
program is doing. If the program contains errors or omissions, such as undefined tools,
sections of profiles which a tool cannot reach, or insufficient undercut allowance for
thread cutting, the bottom line will display an appropriate error message and the display
will stop to allow the message to be read.
If the display stops, press EOB to resume.
4. At the end of the program, the display will show the program WRITE display, (see
Section 5, Figure 5.1). The program can then be edited in CNC format if required.
From the CAM display, select MENU - Save profile.

The profile will be saved and can be recalled later for completion or editing.
Saving a Profile
Without Validation Pressing ESC or selecting CLOSE will prompt you to save the profile if it has
not already been saved.
4.9 Editing a CAM Profile
A CAM profile can be edited in either CAM or CNC format:

CAM Format 1. Save the program.
2. Select PROGRAM - Cam, and select the required program.
3. Use UNDO to step backwards through the elements of the profile, and re-create the
profile as required.
5. To move points, delete entities and insert entities, MENU EDIT PROFILE is
selected.
The screen below is shown.
Moving Points The End Point of a highlighted entity can be moved.

An entity is highlighted by using the selection buttons to toggle around each entity in
turn.
The entity End point can be moved by selecting MOVE and inputting the new co-
ordinates (if invalid co-ordinates are entered, an error message is displayed and the move
aborted.
NOTE:- Moving the end points of arcs will redefine the arc as a diagonal straight line.
This can be converted back to the arc in the standard CAM.
Modifying Hole Depth The start point of the line describing the diameter at the bottom of a hole cannot be
moved using the standard Move command.
MENU HOLE DEPTH is selected displaying the window below.
The modified depth is input and OK selected
Deleting Entities The required entity is highlighted and DELETE selected. The end point of the
previous entity and the start point of the next entity will automatically be joined to
maintain a continuous path.
Inserting Entities Inserted entities are placed After the currently highlighted entity.
An Entity is highlighted and INSERT selected. The inserted entities can be moved
to the required position as described earlier in this section.
In the example below, a groove has been added to the outside diameter of the profile
shown on a previous page.
Modifying Bar Size MENU BAR SIZE is selected to modify the bar size.
The window below is shown.
The modified bar information is input. If the bar size specified is too small for the
profile, relevant values will automatically be modified to the smallest acceptable size.
Saving the Changes To save the changes and return to the standard CAM window, EXIT is selected.
4.10 CAM Tools
The CAM Tools option allows the user to define which tools are available to the CAM
processor when a G&M program is created from a drawn profile.
The CAM Tools option is accessed from the CAM window by selecting
Menu - CAM Tools
The Tool library window below is shown.
If all the tools in the Library are Not Selected (Black text), the CAM processor will select
tools from the entire list.
If some Tools are Selected (Red text), the CAM processor will only select from these
tools.
Depending on the type of component to be processed, a minimum number of tools are
required.
e.g. To process external shapes, the minimum tooling requirements are.
1. LH Turning Tool (Note: 32 Degrees is the clearance angle not the tip angle)
2. Parting Tool
3. External Threading Tool (If threads are to be cut).
To Select tool, the tool is highlighted with the cursor and ALTER selected.
Rough & Finish Turning If two LH Turning tools are available, one can be set to perform the Rough Turning
Process and the other set to perform the Finish Turning Process.
When selecting Tools (Red Text), if a second LH turning tool is selected, the window
below is shown.
The User is prompted to Select Process to be Performed by Tool.

Roughing or Finishing is selected.
The remaining LH Turning Tools process will automatically be set to the alternative
option as shown below.
Saving To exit and save the settings, the Esc. is selected.

Boxford 280B CNC Programming
5 CNC Programming
5.1 Operations and Programming Sheets
Before commencement of programming the following points require consideration:
1. Drawing
The work datum is usually centre of the right hand end of the bar; this makes it easier
to set the tools. If necessary re-dimension the drawing from this datum.
-Z +Z
+X
-X
2. Machining
Decide on the sequence of the machining operations (e.g. rough turn, finish turn, screw
cut, part off.)
3. Tooling
Choose appropriate tools for each machining operation.
4. Programming
Decide on incremental or absolute dimensions, feed mm/min, spindle speed rev/min.
Use an operations sheet and a programming sheet to record your decisions. Blank sheets
are included at the back of this manual for photocopying.
Boxford 280B 5.2 CNC Programming
5.2 Absolute and Incremental Co-ordinates
Before programming commences points on the contour have to be defined either in:
(a) absolute co-ordinates relative to the workpiece datum, or
(b) incremental co-ordinates relative to the previous position
Examples of the two types of co-ordinate systems are shown below:
C C
B A
B A +X
15 -Z +Z
25
20
30
-X
10 20 10
ABSOLUTE COORDINATES
POINT X Z POINT X Z
DATUM 0 0 DATUM 0 0
A 15 0 A 20 0
B 15 -10 B 20 -10
C 25 -10 C 30 -30
INCREMENTAL COORDINATES
POINT X Z POINT X Z
DATUM 0 0 DATUM 0 0
A 15 0 A 20 0
B 0 -10 B 0 -10
C 10 0 C 10 -20
G90 must be inserted at the start of the program when using absolute co-ordinates.
G91 must be inserted at the start of the program when using incremental co-ordinates.
5.3 Speeds and Feeds
When writing a program the values for spindle speeds and feed rates have to be entered.
These values will vary depending upon the workpiece material and the type of cutting
tool being used.
Spindle Speeds With experience, a programmer will use values which are known to produce the
required balance between surface finish, tool wear and production time, but for the
beginner the following cutting speeds are offered as a guide.
CUTTING SPEED (METRES/MINUTE)

CUTTING
TOOL ALUMINIUM BRASS CAST IRON MILD STEEL CARBON STEEL
(FREE CUTTING) (MEDIUM)
CARBIDE 300 250 125 200 125
H.S.S. 80 70 40 50 40
To calculate spindle speeds use the following formula:

Spindle speed = m/min x 1000 or feet/min x 12
p x dia. of workpiece p x dia. of workpiece
e.g. for 25.4 (1in) dia. mild steel (EN1A) using carbide copy turning tool:
Spindle speed = 200 x 1000 or 600 x 12
p x 25.4=2506rev/min. p x 1=2291rev/min.
program say, 2500 or 2300 rev/min.
Feed Rates Feed rates are expressed in millimetres per minute and, as with spindle speeds, the feed
rate will vary with the material being cut, the depth of cut and the type of cutting tool
used. Again, with experience the programmer will quickly determine the values to use
for the various cutting functions.
5.4 Program Format
A program is a series of "blocks" or lines each showing a set of functions and/or co-
ordinates.
Input of the program is usually in tabular form (although the CONFIG menu allows a
change to compact format).
A typical format for turning is:
LINE G M X Z I K F S
These are the headings used on the programming sheet, where:
LINE is the block or sequence number, and
G the preparatory function
M the miscellaneous function
X the X co-ordinate (diameter value)
Z the Z co-ordinate (length value)
I interpolation parameter or additional information
as needed
K interpolation parameter or additional information
as needed
F feed rate (mm/min)
S spindle speed (rev/min)
5.5 Preparatory Functions (G Codes)
Note:
The G codes can be displayed on the screen from the HELP menu.
The address letter G is followed by two digits, and the following codes can be used:
G00 Rapid movement
G01 Linear interpolation F = Feed rate
G02 Circular interpolation (clockwise)
I & K are co-ordinates of centre or I = radius from the start point
G03 Circular interpolation (counter clockwise)
I & K are co-ordinates of centre or I = radius from the start point
G04 Time dwell F = delay (secs)
G50 Maximum Spindle Speed Limit S=Speed
G70 Imperial programming units
G71 Metric programming units
G81 O.D. Turning cycle
X = Total Depth Z = Total Length
I = No. of Cuts F = Feed rate
G82 Face/ Grooving Cycle
X = Total Depth Z = Total Cut Length
I = No. of Cuts F = Feed rate
G83 Peck Drilling Cycle
Z = Total Depth I = Drill Dia
K = Reduction F = Feed rate
G84 Threading Cycle
Z = Total Length I = Dia Depth
K = No. of Cuts F = Pitch
G90 Absolute Programming
G91 Incremental Programming
G94 Feed/min
G95 Feed/rev
G96 Constant Surface Speed
G97 Constant RPM
5.6 Miscellaneous Functions (M Codes)
Note:
The M codes can be displayed on the screen from the HELP menu.
The address letter M is followed by two digits, the following can be used:-
M01 Optional stop
M02 End of program (Single Quantity)
M03 Spindle start forward. Enter spindle speed S
M04 Spindle start reverse. Enter spindle speed S
M05 Spindle stop
M06 Tool change
I = Tool Type K = Drill Diameter
M08 Coolant On
M09 Coolant Off
M10 Driven Tool 1 Active
M11 Driven Tool 1 Off
M16 Orientate Spindle
I=Angle (30 Deg Increments)
M26 Parts Catcher In
M27 Parts Catcher Retract
M30 End of program (Repeat)
M39 Close Automatic Chuck
M40 Open Automatic Chuck
M41 Extend Air Quill
M42 Retract Air Quill
M48 Open Air Guard
M49 Close Air Guard
M51 Shot Bolt Engage
M52 Shot Bolt Disengage
M81 Turn output on/off
I=on/off (1/0)
M97 Continuous manufacture
M99 Continuation code.
Entering M99 into a partially written program causes the program to be saved to disk.
Recall of the program is simulated on the screen up to the break off point and then the
prompt to "continue writing" is made.
5.7 Canned Cycles
Codes G81 - G84 are referred to as 'canned cycles'. These codes are built in to the control
system of the lathe; their use simplifies the programming of repetitive operations.
In each case the tool must be positioned at the start point of the cycle on the previous
line of code at a point 2mm (0.1in) from the work. This point is called the stand-off point.
All information within the canned cycle is incremental. On completion of the cycle the
tool will return to its start point.
G81 Outside Diameter Using this code enables several cuts to be taken automatically provided that the Z axis
movements are the same. The start point in the X axis is at the 2mm stand-off point and
the tool is programmed to this location on the previous line. After entering G81 the
following additional information is needed.
X value = total cut depth, ie. the difference between the original
diameter and the final diameter (excluding the stand-off).
Z value = total length of travel in the Z axis, i.e. cut length plus any
stand-off in the Z direction.
I value = number of cuts required.
F value = feed rate.
Cancel G81 with G80.
G82 Facing or Grooving Facing:

The start point (programmed on the previous line) is from a stand-off position in the
Z axis. After entering G82 the following additional information is needed:
X value = total cut depth - it is usual to go past the centre line by 0.5mm
to clear the end, i.e. enter a value of the stand-off diameter
plus 1mm.
Z value = total cut width (excluding the stand off).
I value = number of cuts.
Grooving:
This canned cycle is used to cut a rectangular section groove of width exceeding 4mm.
Before entering the canned cycle routine it is necessary to create a slot of width 2mm
plus the width of the tool to the required depth. This is accomplished using the parting
off tool and programming using codes G00 and G01. Remember that the parting off
tool is 2mm wide and that during the offset routine the reference face was set as the side
nearer the chuck. After cutting this narrow groove take the tool to its stand off position.
Enter G82 and then add the following values:
X value = the difference between the stand-off diameter and the
diameter of the bottom of the groove.
Z value = the additional width of the groove, e.g. 10mm-4mm =
6mm.
I value = number of cuts required.
G83 Peck Drilling This code is used to drill holes deeper than twice the drill diameter. From the stand-off
point (X = 0, Z = 2) the first movement takes the drill in the -Z direction a distance equal
to twice the drill diameter. After withdrawing from the hole (to remove swarf) the drill
returns and cuts further in the -Z direction by an amount which is determined by:
K multiplied by the first depth
This 'pecking' is repeated until the total depth Z is reached. After entering G83 follow
with:
Z value = total depth of hole (exclude the stand-off).
I value = drill diameter.
K value = reduction: a decimal value. This is the percentage by which
the second and subsequent pecks are reduced, until the
required depth is reached, e.g. 0.9 or 0.99.
G84 External or Internal External Thread:

Thread Cutting The start point for the threading cycle in the X axis is 2mm greater than the outside
diameter of the point on the diameter of the material to be cut (the stand-off point). This
position is programmed on the line previous to the G84 being called. After entering
G84, follow with:
Z value = total length from stand-off (negative for left hand thread,
positive for right hand thread).
I value = depth of thread (measured on diameter, e.g. 1.23 for 1mm
pitch).
K value = number of cuts. The minimum is 10 cuts and this is suitable
for up to 1mm pitch. For larger values of pitch increase the
value of K
F value = pitch.
Cutting tool is tool no. 4, speed (S) value is 500/600 rev/min.
Internal Thread:
This is programmed in the same way as the external thread except that the tool is tool
no.10. Note that the I value (depth) must be negative.
5.8 Inputting a New Program
5.8.1 Information Required

To input a new program, you will need the following information:
1. A completed programming sheet containing -
Program details
Type of co-ordinates used (absolute or incremental)
Tools used
Speeds and feeds
2. Details of the billet -
Outside diameter
Inside diameter (if the billet is hollow)
Length
3. A name for your program (7 characters maximum - do not use spaces, . \ or / in the
name.)
4. The type of format for the program display.
The options are tabulated format and compact format. Tabulated format is easier to
read and therefore more suitable for the earlier stages of programming. The programming
sheets used in the Tutorials and Exercises use tabulated format. Compact format is more
typical of the type of display used in industry, and is suitable for the more advanced
programmer.
The type of format can be changed by selecting CONFIG - Program from the main
menu, and setting the DISPLAY TYPE to TABULATED or COMPACT as required.
A program can be input and saved in either format, and can be displayed in either format
by changing the DISPLAY TYPE.
The main procedure (5.8.2 on the following page) deals with the use of tabulated format,
and the example used is taken from Tutorial 1 (TUT 1). Instructions for using compact
format are given in 5.8.3.
5. Other configuration settings required.
The STANDOFF option automatically adds the depth of cut to a 2mm standoff
(clearance between tool and workpiece) when using canned cycles.
In MODAL PROGRAMMING, each of the following codes need only be typed once.
Each code is then repeated automatically in subsequent lines until a different code is
typed:
G01 : Linear interpolation

G02 : Circular interpolation (clockwise)
G03 : Circular interpolation (counter-clockwise)
F : Feed rate
These options can be activated by selecting CONFIG - Program from the main menu,
and making the required settings.
5.8.2 Tabulated Format
Check Configuration
1. From the main menu, select CONFIG - Program, and check the following settings:
UNITS MODE = as required (METRIC for TUT 1)
PROGRAMMING MODE = as required (ABSOLUTE for TUT 1)
DISPLAY TYPE = TABULATED
GRID SNAP = as required
STANDOFF = as required
MODAL PROGRAMMING = as required
Input Program Details

2. From the main menu, select PROGRAM - Program, and from the catalogue select
NEW PROGRAM. The following display will appear:
Type the name of the program and press EOB.

3. Select OK by pressing EOB. The next display will appear:
The display shows the dimensions of the last billet used, with the value of outside
diameter highlighted.
If required, change the diameter by overtyping. When the correct value is shown, press
EOB; the next item (I-Dia) will be highlighted.
Set the remaining two values in the same way. If the billet is not hollow, set the internal
diameter to zero.
Note:
The values can be edited by using the and keys to highlight the required values, and overtyping.

Press EOB, and set the depth of hole when prompted.
Input Program
4. Press EOB. The screen shows the Program WRITE display, (Figure 5.1). The first line
number (block number) N10 appears automatically at the left of the display, and the text
cursor is in the G column.
** !!
1. Text cursor
2. Simulation display
3. * indicates that program has changed since it was last saved - save again if required.
! indicates that program has changed since simulation was last drawn -
select VIEW - Redraw to update display.
UNDO Deletes last line entered.

VIEW Redraw - updates simulation display to include latest program changes.
3D view - changes simulation display to 3D view.
HELP Displays information for reference during programming (see text).
MENU Options for saving and editing programs (see text).
Figure 5.1 Program WRITE Display

When typing in the program, precede each item with the letter at the top of the
corresponding column; at the end of each item press INPUT. The cursor will move
automatically to the appropriate column when the letter is typed in. It is not necessary
to use the / key; the keypad automatically toggles between letters and numbers at
the appropriate points.
Type in the first line of the program. For example, the first line of the program for TUT
1 is:
N G
10 90
Type: G90
As the code number is typed, a message appears giving the meaning of the code. (Other
messages give indications of errors such as incorrect feed speeds).
When the line is complete, press EOB. The next line number appears automatically and
the cursor moves to the G column in the next line.
Type the second line of the program. For TUT 1 the second line is:
N G
20 71
Type: G71 (EOB).
Type the third line. The third line of TUT 2 is:
N X Z
30 30 10
Type X30 (INPUT) Z10 (EOB).
The cursor moves automatically to the X and Z columns. When EOB is pressed the next
line number appears and the cursor moves to the G column.
Continue to input the whole of the TUT2 program
CAUTION
REMEMBER TO SAVE YOUR PROGRAM BEFORE SWITCHING OFF
THE MACHINE, EVEN IF IT IS NOT COMPLETE. (SEE 5.9 SAVING A
PROGRAM).
Correcting Errors
You can place the cursor anywhere in the program, and correct errors by overtyping or
by deleting characters with the ALT key and re-typing.

Use the and keys to move the text cursor vertically, and the and keys
to move from column to column.
Although the display shows only three lines of the program, you can scroll the program
to show any line by using the and keys.

For more extensive changes, use the editing facilities available from the MENU option,
(see 5.11 Editing a Program).
HELP HELP provides the following information which you may need to refer to when creating
a program:
G Codes - meanings
M Codes - meanings
Tool Library - graphical display of tools with tool numbers and
descriptions
Program Data - Title
Workpiece dimensions
Program length (no. of lines)
Estimated manufacture time
Tools used
Machine Data - Maximum bar size
Minimum and maximum feedrates and speeds
MENU The features available from the MENU option are used for saving a program (see 5.9)
and editing a program (see 5.11).
5.8.3 Compact Format

To input a program in compact format, first check the software configuration as for
tabulated format but set the DISPLAY TYPE to COMPACT.
Input the program information in the same way as for tabulated format. When the
Program WRITE display appears, the panel where the program is input looks like this:
Compare this with Figure 5.1. The line number and the text cursor appear, but there are
no columns with identifying letters.
When typing in the program, precede each item with the letter at the top of the
corresponding column on the programming sheet; at the end of each item press INPUT.
There is no need to leave spaces between items in the line; spaces will be inserted
automatically.
When each line is complete, press EOB. The next line number appears automatically
and the cursor moves to the first (G) column in the same way as for tabulated format.
In addition, spaces are automatically inserted between items, and numerical values
standardised to show two decimal places. For example, in lines 30, 40 and 50 of Tutorial
1 (TUT 1):
Line 30 type: X30 (INPUT) Z10 (EOB)
40 type: M04 (INPUT) X20 (INPUT) Z2 (INPUT) S2000 (EOB)
50 type: G01 (INPUT) X20 (INPUT) Z-15 (INPUT) F70 (EOB)
The display shows:
N30 X30.00 Z10.00
N40 M04 X20.00 Z2.00 S2000
N50 G01 X20.00 Z-15.00 F70
Error correction, and the other features of the Program WRITE display are the same
as for tabulated format.
5.9 Saving a Program
The last line of a program must consist of one of the following codes:
M99 - if the program is unfinished
M02 - for single part manufacture
M30 - for multiple part manufacture
Note:
If you try to save a program which does not end with one of these codes, the software automatically
adds the code M99 to the end of the program.
There are three ways to save a program:
a) At the last line of the program type M99, M02 or M30 as required and press EOB; the
program will automatically be saved. (This is the recommended method).
b) from the MENU option, select Save program.
The display will show the message:
Press EOB; the program will be saved with code M99 added at the last line.
c) Press ESC
The display will show the message:
Select YES by pressing EOB; the program will be saved with code M99 added at the
last line.
5.10 Examining an Existing Program
From the main menu select PROGRAM - Program, and from the catalogue select the
required program. The screen shows the following display with a drawing of the
component beneath it:
The options available enable the program to be examined as follows:

VIEW Produces a 3-D view of the component.
INFO Displays program details.
MENU Display - lists the program
Edit - see 5.11 Editing a Program
Continue - see 5.12 Continuing a Program
2D Simulate - simulates machining in 2D
3D Simulate - simulates machining in 3D
To use these options (except for Edit and Continue), refer to Section 2 - Running the
Demonstration Program.
5.11 Editing a Program
A new program which has been partly written can be edited, and an existing program
can be edited, by using the MENU editing options described in 5.11.3 below. To
access the options, refer to 5.11.1 New Programs or 5.11.2 Existing Programs as
appropriate.
5.11.1 New Programs
From the program WRITE display (Figure 5.1), select MENU .
5.11.2 Existing Programs
Refer to 5.10 Examining an Existing Program, and select MENU - Edit. The screen
shows the Program EDIT display:
Scrolling:

Line down - press

Line up - press
Amendments to the program can be made in the same way as detailed in 5.8.2 Tabulated
Format - Input Program.
To access the editing options, select MENU .
5.11.3 MENU Editing Options
Insert Line
Inserts an additional line, and renumbers subsequent lines. Place the text cursor on the
line above the required new line and press EOB.
Clear Line
Deletes program data from a line, but leaves the line number intact. Place the text cursor
on the required line and press EOB. The prompt: "ARE YOU SURE? YES/NO'
provides a safeguard against accidental deletion.
Go to Line
Places the text cursor on a specified line:
Type in the required line number and press EOB.

Delete Line
Delete a program line data and number from the program. Place the text cursor on the
line to be deleted, and press EOB. The prompt "ARE YOU SURE? YES/NO"
provides a safeguard against accidental deletion.
Find and Replace

Searches for a specific program item and enables it to be replaced by another specific
item:
For example, to find all occurrences of code M03 (spindle start - forward) and replace
them with code M04 (spindle start - reverse), starting the search from line 90 of the
program, type in the following:
Find M03 (EOB)
Replace with MO4 (EOB)
Start line no. 90 (EOB)
SELECTIVE Search
A selective search will stop at each occurrence of the code, with the message:
To change the code to the replacement code and search for the next occurrence, select
REPLACE.
To leave the code unchanged and search for the next occurrence, select CONTINUE.
At the end of the search a report will be displayed; for example:
Press EOB.
GLOBAL Search
A global search will find each occurrence of the code and replace it with the replacement
code. At the end of the search a report will be displayed as for a selective search.
Header Edit
Enables the name (title) of the program, and the dimensions of the billet (bar) to be
changed. (Refer to 5.8.2 Tabulated Format - Input Program Information).
Block Delete
Enables highlighted blocks of the program to be omited during the manufacture cycle
when the 'Block Delete' key on the Machine Control Panel is pressed (see section 5.1
of the Installation and User manual).
Note:- Blocks containing Rapid Moves (G00), Linear (G01) and Circular Interpolations (G02
& G03) CAN NOT be block deleted.
To highlight a block, the cursor is moved onto the relevent block and MENU - Block
Delete selected.
5.12 Continuing a Program
An incomplete program which has been saved can be continued at the point where
inputting was interrupted.
Refer to 5.10 Examining an Existing Program, and select MENU - Continue.
The display will simulate the completed part of the program in 2D, stopping when the
last line is reached. The M99 code will be deleted from the last line of the program,
enabling inputting to be continued.
Boxford 280B 6.2 CNC and CAM Machining
6 CNC and CAM Machining

The procedures for machining a component produced by a CNC program and a CAM
program are the same. The software executes a CNC program to manufacture the
component; CAM programs are converted to CNC format when they are saved, (see
Section 4 - CAM Programming, 4.9 - Processing a Profile).
6.1 Initial Checks

Before attempting to machine a component, check:
Reference
1. Machine switched on and software
running.
2. Software correctly configured. Installation and User Manual
Appendix A
3. Tooling and offsets for required program
set and checked. Section 3
4. Program verified:
CNC program - verified by simulation. Section 5, 5.10
CAM program - automatic validation. Section 4, 4.9
5. Machine initialised.
(Press RESET if necessary)
6. Billet of correct material and dimensions fitted in

chuck.
Select PROGRAM - Program, then
INFO to check dimensions.
7. Guard closed.
8. Machine in Automatic mode.
(Press AUTO key on machine Installation and User Manual
control panel). Section 5
6.2 Manufacture
1. From the main menu, select MACHINE, then Manufacture.

The screen shows the MANUFACTURE CATALOGUE display.
2. Select the required program. The software will read the machine file for the component,
and the screen will then list the tooling with the tools required by the selected program
highlighted, for example:
3. Provided that the offsets have already been checked as detailed in 6.1, select
OFFSETS CORRECT . The screen shows:
Follow the instructions. The display shows the dimensions of the billet required by the
selected program. Fit the billet in the chuck, enter the length of the billet, and check that
the appropriate tool is fitted or indexed.
4. Press EOB. The screen shows:
Home the axes, using the HOME and AXIS DIRECTION keys.
5. When the axes reach the home position, the screen shows a message indicating that the
machine is being initialised. When the machine has been initialised, the screen displays
the MANUFACTURE display with prompt:
6. Press CYCLE START on the control panel. The machine performs the machining cycle
which is simulated simultaneously on the screen display together with the program line
currently being executed.
7. When the machining cycle is complete, the screen shows a message giving the option
of manufacturing a further component if the program ends with the code M30.
Select Yes or No as required.
If Yes is selected, the screen will prompt for another billet to be fitted.
If No is selected, the screen returns to the main menu.
6.2
6.3 Options During Machining
Pressing ESC on the keypad during a machining cycle causes a status message to be
displayed:
Continue: Programmed machining continues.

Abort: Stops machining and cancels program.
Select the required option ising the keyboard.

7 Manual Machining
The manual machining feature enables the machine to be controlled directly using the
control panel while the screen simultaneously displays axis displacement and spindle
speed.
Selecting Manual Mode
1. On the control panel, ensure that Manual mode is selected.
2. From the main menu, select MACHINE - Feedback. The screen shows the Manual
Mode Display, (Figure 7.1).
Using the Control Panel
As the tool is moved with the X and Z AXIS DIRECTION keys, the X and Z axis co-
ordinates in the display alter correspondingly, giving a continuous and precise location
of the tool tip position. The tool can be moved rapidly in either axis when away from
the workpiece using the RAPID key in conjunction with the X and Z AXIS DIRECTION
keys.
1 2
3
4
1. Tool position on axes

2. Spindle speed indication
3. X ZERO button
4. Z ZERO button
Figure 7.1 Manual Mode Display

Boxford 280B 7 Manual Machining
The tool feed rate can be increased or decreased with the FEED RATE control.
Direction of spindle rotation and spindle speed are controlled using the SPINDLE CW,
CCW and STOP keys. Spindle speed is displayed on the screen in revs per minute.
A pneumatic chuck (when fitted) is opened and closed with the CHUCK OPEN and
CLOSE keys.
When a tailstock is fitted, the quill is operated manually by its handwheel. On the air
powered version, the quill is operated from the control panel using the TAILSTOCK
QUILL keys.
Zeroing Tool Displacement
Set the X-axis reference point with the first or reference tool using the AXIS
DIRECTION keys so that tool tip just touches the workpiece diameter. Select X ZERO
on the screen with the appropriate Softkey. Set the Z-axis reference with the AXIS
DIRECTION keys, touching the tool on the workpiece. The reference point is
registered and displayed as zero in both X and Z axis displays.
Tool Changing
Turret The turret is indexed round one position at a time to any of the eight tool positions with
each press of the TURRET INDEX button.
Gang Plate Either stop the machine and manually fit another tool, or use the X and Z AXIS
DIRECTION keys to access another tool already fitted to the plate.
Quick Change Toolpost Whenever a tool change is required, use the STOP button to stop the spindle, lift the
guard and change the tool assembly.
Returning to Automatic Mode
To return to Automatic mode, use the MODE SELECT keys; press AUTO, then
RESET.
Boxford 280 B
CNC Tutorials and Exercises

Boxford 280 B Tutorial 1 - CNC Tutorials and Exercises
Tutorial 1: Linear Interpolation -

Tabulated and Compact Program Display
This tutorial introduces the student to simple part programming using the G01
preparatory code (linear interpolation) and also the G00 code (rapid movement) which
is the default value if G01 is not selected.
The program is for the profile from A to E and does not include any roughing cuts. Do
not use this program to machine a component.
E
C
D B A
T/C
X30 Z10
25
24
20
5 5 15 15
The absolute co-ordinates of the points on the profile are tabulated below:
POINT DATUM A B C D E
X 0 20 20 24 24 25
Z 0 0 -15 -30 -35 -35
Tool used: 1 (LH Turning Tool)

The program is written as follows:-
DRAWING
PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET
PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNING MATERIAL: STEEL EN1A
ALUMN
NUMBER TITLE. TUT 1 WRITTEN BY SHEET No. 1 OF 1
SEQUENCE PREP MISC AXIS FEED SPINDLE

SEQUENCE
No. FUNCTION FUNCTION COORDINATES RATE SPEED
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
ABSOLUTE PROGRAMMING 10 90
METRIC UNITS 20 71
TOOL CHANGE POSITION 30 30 10
MOVE TO START - START SPINDLE 40 04 20 2 2000
2500
A TO B 50 01 20 -15 70
B TO C 60 01 24 -30 70
C TO D 70 01 24 -35 70
D TO E 80 01 25 -35 70
SPINDLE STOP - TOOL CHANGE 90 05 30 10
END PROGRAM 100 02
Note:
The first tool is selected when setting up the machine. G00 is the default value if G01 is not selected.
Using a compact display (CONFIG menu - Program - DISPLAY TYPE-COMPACT)

the program will be:
N10 G90
N20 G71
N30 X30 Z10
N40 M04 X20 Z2 S2500
N50 G01 X20 Z-15 F70
N60 G01 X24 Z-30 F70
N70 G01 X24 Z-35 F70
N80 G01 X25 Z-35 F70
N90 M05 X30 Z10
N100 M02
Exercise 1: Simple Programming - Absolute Co-ordinates
1. Tabulate the absolute co-ordinates of points A to E on the profile.

2. Using a programming sheet write a program to machine the profile.
3. Enter the program and simulate the tool movements.
(Do not attempt to machine the component)
E
D C
B A
T/C
X15 Z15
25
20
15
2 10 18 10
Tutorial 2: Incremental Co-ordinate Programming
The incremental co-ordinates of the points on the profile are tabulated below.
X 0 20 0 4 0 1
Z 0 0 -15 -15 -5 0
The program is written as follows:
DUET PROGRAMMING
PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNING
SHEET MATERIAL: STEEL EN1A
DRAWING

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
METRIC UNITS 20 71
TOOL CHANGE POSITION 30 30.0 10.0
START POINT - SPINDLE START 40 04 20.0 2.0 2000
2500
MOVE TO A 50 01 0 70
INCREMENTAL PROGRAMMING 60 91
A TO B 70 01 0 -15.0 70
B TO C 80 01 4.0 -15.0 70
C TO D 90 01 0 -5.0 70
D TO E 100 01 1.0 0 70
SPINDLE STOP - TOOL CHANGE 120 05 30.0 10.0
END OF PROGRAM 130 30
Exercise 2: Simple Programming - Incremental Co-ordinates
Using the component shown in Tutorial 1:

1. Tabulate the incremental co-ordinates of points A to E on the profile.
3. Enter the program and simulate the tool movements.
(Do not attempt to machine the component)
Tutorial 3: Turning and Facing a Stepped Shaft
This tutorial introduces the student to the completion of operation and programming
sheets and the writing of a program for a component requiring roughing and finishing
cuts.
The operations sheet lists the sequence of machining operations, feed, spindle speed and
the tool required. It also gives details of the material and its position in the chuck. A
roughing and a finishing cut have been asked for on each diameter.
The programming sheet lists the program to machine the component; an explanation
of each line has been given in the left hand column. The datum is at the right hand end
of the component.
DRAWING DUET OPERATIONS SHEET - TURNING

NUMBER
BILLET MATERIAL STEEL EN1A
ALUMINIUM TYPE NO. 1 TITLE
25 O/DIA. 0 I/DIA. 40 STICKOUT TUT 3
OPERATION SPINDLE TOOL TOOL

NUMBER OPERATION DESCRIPTION SPEED FEED NO.
1 FACE 2500 70 1
2 TURN 23.5 x 35
3 22 x 35
4 20.5 x 31
5 19 x 30
6 CHAMFER 1.5 x 45 O TO 23
7 TURN 17 x 10
8 15 x 10
9 TOOL PARK POSITION RAPID
10 END PROGRAM
40
35
30
45O 10
25
19
15
22
DUET PROGRAMMING
SHEET MATERIAL: 25X40
25 X 40 ALUMN.
STEEL EN1A
DRAWING
NUMBER TITLE. TUT 3 WRITTEN BY A.N, OTHER SHEET No. 1 OF 1

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
METRIC UNITS 20 71
TOOL PARK POSITION 30 30.0 10
START SPINDLE 40 04 2000
2500
RAPID TO START POSITION 50 26.0 0
FACE END OF MATERIAL 60 01 -1.0 70
RAPID CLEAR OF FACE 70 1
RAPID TO FIRST CUT DIAMETER 80 23.5
CUT 23.5 X 35mm LONG 90 01 -35 70
RAPID CLEAR OF WORK 100 24.5 1
POSITION FOR NEXT CUT 110 22.0
CUT DIAMETER X 35mm LONG 120 01 -35 70
CUT CHAMFER X 45 O 190 01 23.0 -32 70
RAPID CLEAR OF WORK 200 1
POSITION FOR NEXT CUT ( 15) 240 15.0
TOOL PARK POSITION/STOP SPINDLE 260 05 30.0 10
END PROGRAM 270 30
TUT3 T2
Exercise 3: Turning and Facing a Stepped Shaft
The component for this exercise is similar to that in Tutorial 3.

1. Write an operations sheet for this component
2. Write a program to machine the component
3. Give your program a test run and edit it if necessary.
25
20
15
10
15
25
35
40
Tutorial 4: Circular Interpolation
This gives an explanation of the G02 and G03 codes for clockwise and anticlockwise
circulated interpolation respectively.
The programs are for the profile only and do not include any roughing cuts. Do not use
these programs to machine a component.
Circular Interpolation (G02 and G03)

To program an arc it is necessary to define a FINISH point by an X and Z dimension
and, in addition either
(a) I and K values which give the co-ordinate of the arc centre from the
start point in the X and Z directions respectively; (these are unsigned) or
(b) the radius of the arc as an I value.
The start and finish point of an arc must be in the same quadrant. A semi-circle requires
two blocks to be programmed.
G02 Clockwise Circular Interpolation
C R3
A
B
T/C
X30 Z10
25
19
5 25
POINT DATUM A B C
X 0 17 17 25
Z 0 0 -22 -25
Tool used: 1 (LH Turning Tool)

DRAWING PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET
PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNING MATERIAL: ALUMN
STEEL EN1A
NUMBER TITLE. TUT 4/1 WRITTEN BY SHEET No. 1 OF 1

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
METRIC UNITS 20 71
START POINT-SPINDLE START 40 04 19 2 2000
2500
A TO B 50 01 19 -22 70
B TO C 60 02 25 -25 3 0 70
SPINDLE STOP-TOOL CHANGE 70 05 30 10
END PROGRAM 80 30
Note:
In block N70 I and K are the co-ordinates of the arc centre measured from the start of the arc.
This program is for the profile only and does not include any roughing cuts.
Boxford 280 B Tutorial 4 - CNC Tutorials and Tutorial
Exercises4
G03 Counter Clockwise Circular Interpolation
D R3
C B
A
T/C
E
X30 Z10
23
25
17
5 20
X 0 17 23 23 25 17
Z 0 0 -3 -20 -20 -3
Tool used : 1 LH Turning Tool

PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET
PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNING MATERIAL: STEEL ALUMN
EN1A
DRAWING

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
METRIC UNITS 20 71
START POINT - SPINDLE START 40 04 17 2 2000
2500
POINT A 50 01 17 -0 70
A TO B 60 03 23 -3 3 70
B TO C 70 01 23 -20 70
C TO D 80 01 25 -20 70
SPINDLE STOP - TOOL CHANGE 90 05 30 10
END PROGRAM 100 30
Note:
3 in block N60 is the radius of the arc.
This program is for the profile only and does not include any roughing cuts.
Exercise 4: Circular Interpolation
This exercise uses both the G02 and G03 codes.

1. Tabulate the absolute co-ordinates of points A to D on the profile.
D R3
R3
B
C A
E
25
19
5 25
Tutorial 5: Circular Interpolation and Roughing Cuts with a Tool

Change
This tutorial gives a further example of circular interpolation and also illustrates how to
rough surplus material from the billet so that the maximum depth of cut of 3mm on the
diameter is not exceeded.
Suppose that it is required to take roughing cuts before turning an arc of 4mm radius
on a steel component. A scale drawing of the arc section will reveal the variations
between the lengths of roughing cut. In the drawing below, the horizontal lines represent
the depths of cut and the vertical lines the lengths of roughing cuts.
An alternative method is to take chamfering cuts on the surplus material. This is

generally more difficult to program because the X co-ordinates are measured on the
diameter and so are double the corresponding Z co-ordinates to give a 45 degree
chamfer.
The drawing on the next page is used to determine the length of the roughing cuts; 2mm
is left on the diameter before the final finishing cut is taken.
The operations sheet shows the details of the roughing cuts and a program for the
component is given. Test run the program and examine its operation.
25
23
21
19 19
17
X19, Z-35 X19, Z-27 15
13
11
8
X11, Z-27 X11, Z-23 X11, Z-4 X3, Z0
X3, Z-4
Programming a Tool Change

The first tool to be used enters the program as part of the initial programming
information. The second and subsequent tools are entered on the program with two
lines of information. The first line stops the spindle and moves the tool away from the
work, and the second line selects the next tool. A typical example of this is:
LINE G M X Z I K F S
N70 05 30.00 10.00
N80 06 5
I5 denotes a centre drill

DRAWING DUET OPERATIONS

OPERATIONS SHEETSHEET - TURNING
NUMBER
ALUMINIUM TYPE NO. 1 TITLE

OPERATION DESCRIPTION
NUMBER SPEED FEED NO.
1 FACE 2500
2000 70 1
2 TURN 23 x 35
3 21 x 35
4 19 x 24
5 17 x 23
6 15 x 22
7 13 x 22
8 11 x 2
9 8x1
10 TAKE CONTINUOUS FINISHING CUT 3000
2500 90
12 CHANGE TOOLS
13 PART OFF TO LENGTH 2500
2000 50 11
15 END PROGRAM
37
35
23
R4
19
25
R4
11
DRAWING PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET
PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNING MATERIAL: STEELALUMN
EN1A

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
METRIC DIMENSIONS 20 71
START SPINDLE 2000
RAPID TO START POSITION
40 04 26.0 0 2500
RAPID CLEAR OF FACE 60 1.0
CUT 23 X 35mm LONG 80 01 -35.0 70
RAPID CLEAR OF WORK 90 24.0 1.0
CUT DIAMETER X 35mm LONG 110 01 -35.0 70
RAPID CLEAR OF FACE 270 13.0 1.0
DRAWING PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
CUT DIAMETER X 1mm LONG 290 01 --1.0 70
POSITION FOR NEXT CUT (FINISHING CUT) 310 3.0 0
FINISH CUT 4mm RADIUS 320 03 11.0 -4.0 4 90 2500
3000
FINISH TURN 11 330 01 11.0 -23.0 90
FINISH 4mm RADIUS 340 03 19.0 -27.0 4 90
FINISH TURN 19 350 01 19.0 -35.0 90
TOOL CHANGE POSITION 360 05 30.0 10.0
I11 IS A PARTING TOOL 370 06 11
MOVE TO PARTING POSITION - SPINDLE ON 380 27.0 -38.6 2500
(TOOL 1.6mm WIDE) 04 2000
PART OFF 390 01 -1.0 70
RAPID CLEAR OF WORK 400 30.0
END PROGRAM 420 30
Exercise 5: Circular Interpolation and Roughing Cuts with a

Tool Change
This exercise uses clockwise circular interpolation, tool changing and parting off.
1. Complete an operations sheet for roughing and finishing the component below.
2. Using a programming sheet write a program to machine the component.
R4
R3
25
17
11
16
32.4
40
Tutorial 6: Canned Cycles - Facing and Rough Turning
This tutorial serves as an introduction to Canned Cycles which simplify the programming
of respective operations.
The tutorial is in two parts. In the first part the G82 canned cycle for facing is considered,
and in the second part the G81 canned cycle for roughing outside diameters is used.
G82 Facing Cycle

Examine the operations sheet and drawing for TUT 6/1. It is required to reduce the
length of the billet from 40mm to 30mm in 25 cuts.
In all outside diameter canned cycle operations, at the commencement of the cycle, the
tip of the tool must be positioned at a stand-off point on the previous line of the program
code. This point is always 2mm greater (on diameter) measured from the work. In this
cycle it is also necessary to have a stand-off along the Z axis. This position is 2mm clear
of the end of the work.
On completion of the cycle the tool will return to its start point.
Tool used: 1 (LH turning tool)
Stand-off point: at X27 Z2
X (total cut depth): it is usual to go past the centre line by 0.5 to clear the end, i.e. stand-
off dia + 1mm = 28
Z (total cut width, excludes the stand-off) = 10
I (no of cuts) = 25
F (feed rate) = 70mm/min
The program is shown on the programming sheet.
Test run the program and examine how the cycle operates.

NUMBER
ALUMINIUM TYPE NO. TITLE
25 O/DIA. 0 I/DIA. 40 STICKOUT TUT 6/1

1 TOOL PARK POSITION 2500
2000 RAPID 1
2 STAND OFF POSITION
3 FACE OFF TO 30mm LONG USING G82 CYCLE WITH 25 CUTS 70
5 END PROGRAM
2mm
30 ON DIA.
2mm
25
PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET
PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNING MATERIAL: ALUMN
STEEL EN1A
DRAWING

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
METRIC UNITS 20 71
SPINDLE START STAND OFF POINT 40 04 27.0 2.0 2000
2500
FACING CYCLE 50 82 28.0 -10.0 25 70
G81 Rough Turning.

The component previously machined is now required to have its outside diameter
reduced from 25mm to 15mm for a length 25mm.
This is shown on the drawing and operations sheet for TUT 6/2.
The program for TUT 6/1 can be edited and extended by using the G81 canned cycle.
Because it is the same component it retains work datum X0,Y0 and so the stand-off
point for G81 will be X27, Z-9.5 i.e. 2mm greater in diameter and 0.5 clear of the work
in the Z axis.
Tool used: 1 (LH turning tool)
Stand-off point: X27, Z-9.
X (total cut depth ,i.e. the difference between the original dia and the final dia excluding
the stand-off) =10
Z (total length of travel in the Z axis i.e. cut length plus any stand-off in the Z direction)
=-25.5
I (no. of cuts required) =5
F (feed rate) =70
The program for TUT 6/2 is shown on the programming sheet. This can be used to
extend TUT 6/1 at the appropriate block no.
Extend TUT 6/1, test it and examine its operation.
DRAWING OPERATIONS
DUET SHEETSHEET - TURNING
OPERATIONS
NUMBER
BILLET MATERIAL ALUMINIUM
STEEL EN1A TYPE NO. TITLE
25 O/DIA. 40 I/DIA. 40 STICKOUT TUT 6/2

continued from TUT 6/1
1 TOOL PARK POSITION 2500

2000 1
2 STAND OFF POSITION RAPID
3 TURN 15 x 25mm LONG USING G81 CYCLE WITH 5 CUTS 70
5 END PROGRAM RAPID
30
25
25
15
DUET PROGRAMMING
SHEET MATERIAL: STEEL EN1A
ALUMN
DRAWING

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
METRIC UNITS 20 71
SPINDLE START STAND OFF POINT 40 04 27.0 2.0 2000
2500
FACING CYCLE 50 82 28.0 -10.0 25 70
SPINDLE START STAND OFF POINT 70 04 27.0 -9.5 2000
2500
ROUGH TURNING CYCLE 80 81 10.0 -25.5 5 70
Exercise 6: Canned Cycles - Facing and Rough Turning
You are required to produce a component which fulfils the following machining
specification:
a) Billet size 25mm x 40mm stickout from chuck.
b) Billet material - steel EN1A.
c) Face to 35mm length with 15 cuts.
d) Outside diameter roughed to 19mm in cuts not exceeding 3mm
on diameter.
e) Part off to a finished length of 30mm.
Complete the following tasks:

1. Complete an operation sheet for the above machining operations.
2. Using a programming sheet write a program for the component.
Tutorial 7: Canned Cycles - Grooving
Examine the operations sheet and drawing.

The G82 grooving cycle is carried out using tool no.11 - the parting off tool. This tool
is 2mm wide, and when setting offsets its reference face is taken as the side nearest the
chuck.
The cycle is used to cut a rectangular section groove of width exceeding 4mm. Before
entering the canned cycle routine it is necessary to create a slot of width 2mm + the width
of the tool to the required depth. This is accomplished by using the parting off tool and
programming code G01. After cutting this narrow groove take the tool to its stand-off
position which is always 2mm greater (on diameter) measured from the work and 2mm
stand-off along the Z axis.
2mm PARTING TOOL
2mm
2mm ON DIA.
4 10
Relationship of stand-off position to preparatory slot.

Stand-off point: at X22 Z-12
X (the difference between the stand-off diameter at the bottom of the
groove 22-15) = 7
Z (the additional width of the groove 10-4) = 6
I (no. of cuts) = 10
F (feedrate) = 70
The program is shown on the programming sheet. Test it and examine its operation.

NUMBER

1 FACE 2500
2000 70 1
2 STAND OFF POSITION RAPID
3 TURN 20 x 35 USING G81 CYCLE WITH 3 CUTS 70
4 CHAMFER 1mm x 45O TO 20
6 CHANGE TOOLS 11
7 CUT SLOT 15 x 3.16 2500
2000 50
8 EXTEND GROOVE TO 10mm LONG USING G82 CANNED CYCLE
10 END PROGRAM
40
35
20
1mm x 45 O
10
25
20
15
20
DRAWING PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET
ALUMN

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
METRIC UNITS 20 71
START SPINDLE
RAPID TO START POSITION 40 04 26.0 0 2000
2500
RAPID TO STAND OFF POSITION 70 27.0 0.5
TURN 20 X 35 80 81 5.0 -35.5 3 70
RAPID TO START OF CHAMFER 90 18.0 0
CUT CHAMFER 100 01 20.0 -1.0 70
CHANGE TOOL TO PARTING TOOL 120 06 11
START SPINDLE - RAPID TO START OF
PREPARATORY SLOT 130 04 22.0 -11.6 2500
2000
START MACHINING PREP SLOT 140 01 15.0 50
RAPID CLEAR OF DIAMETER 150 22.0
RAPID TO NEXT SLOT 160 -12.6
MACHINE SLOT 170 01 15.0 50
RAPID TO STAND OFF POSITION 220 -11.6
GROOVING CYCLE 230 82 7.0 -6.4 10 70
SPINDLE STOP - TOOL PARK POSITION 240 05 30.0 10.0
Exercise 7: Canned Cycles - Grooving.
specification:
a) Billet size 25 x 40mm stickout from chuck
b) Billet material - steel EN1A.
c) Face to a length of 40mm with one cut.
d) Rough outside diameter to 18mm in cuts not exceeding 2mm on
diameter.
e) Machine a groove of depth 6mm x 12mm long starting 8mm
from the free end.

1. Complete an operations sheet for the above maching operations.
Tutorial 8: Canned Cycles - External LH Thread.
Note:
A threading tool is required for this tutorial.
Examine the operations sheet and drawing for TUT 8.
The component is the same as that for TUT 7 except that a screw thread has been added
and the component has to be parted off.
The program for TUT 7 can be edited and extended to include the screw thread by using
the G84 canned cycle. The work datum X0 Y0 is the same as that for TUT 7.
The stand off point for G84 will X22 Z1.5, i.e. 2mm greater in diameter and 1.5 clear
of the work in the Z axis.
Tool used: 4 (threading tool).
Z (total length from stand-off, negative for left hand thread, positive for right hand
thread) -10 + 1.5 = -11.5.
I (depth of thread, measured on diameter) = 1.23 for 1.00mm pitch.
K (no. of cuts); the minimum is 10 cuts and this is suitable for up to 1.00mm pitch.
Note:
After the first movement in the X axis there is a pause whilst the software looks for the spindle marker
point.
The program for TUT 8 is shown on the programming sheet. This can be used to extend
TUT 7 at the appropriate block no.
Extend TUT 7, test it and examine its operation.

NUMBER

continued from TUT 7
10 CHANGE TOOL 4
11 STAND OFF POSITION 400 RAPID
12 20 x x1.00mm
CUT 20 0.75mmPITCH
PITCHTHREAD
THREADUSING
USINGG84
G84CYCLE
CYCLEWITH
WITH10
15CUTS
CUTS
13 TOOL CHANGE POSITION RAPID
14 CHANGE TOOL 11
15 PART OFF TO LENGTH 32mm 2500
2000 50
17 END PROGRAM
40
32
20
M20 x 0.75mm
10
25
15
20
DRAWING PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET
ALUMN

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
METRIC UNITS 20 71
START SPINDLE
2500
RAPID TO STAND OFF POSITION 70 27.0 0.5
TURN 20 X 35 80 81 5.0 -35.5 3 70
RAPID TO START OF CHAMFER 90 18.0 0
CUT CHAMFER 100 01 20.0 -1.0 70
CHANGE TOOL TO PARTING TOOL 120 06 11
START SPINDLE - RAPID TO START OF
PREPARATORY SLOT 130 04 22.0 -11.6 2000
2500
START MACHINING PREP SLOT 140 01 15.0 50
RAPID TO STAND OFF POSITION 220 -11.6
GROOVING CYCLE 230 82 7.0 -6.4 10 70
SPINDLE STOP - TOOL PARK POSITION 240 05 30.0 10.0
TOOL CHANGE (THREADING) 250 06 4
START SPINDLE 260 04 22.0 1.5 400
RAPID TO STAND OFF POSITION
CUT THREAD 270 84 -11.5 0.82
1.23 10 0.75
1.00
DRAWING DUET PROGRAMMING

PROGRAMMING SHEETSHEET-TURNING MATERIAL: STEEL EN1A

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
RAPID TO TOOL CHANGE 280 05 30.0 10.0
TOOL CHANGE - PARTING (1.6mm WIDE) 290 06 11
START SPINDLE
RAPID TO PART OFF POSITION 300 04 22.0 -33.6 2500
PART OFF 310 01 -1.0 70
RAPID TO CLEAR WORK 320 25.0
Exercise 8: Canned Cycles - External RH Thread.
This exercise is a repeat of Tutorial 6 except that the 20mm diameter has a right hand
thread.
Note that the Z value in the G84 cycle for a right hand thread is positive.
A new position for the thread stand-off point will have to be calculated.
1. Complete an operations sheet, based on TUT 7 for the shape and TUT 8 suitably
modified for the thread.
Tutorial 9: Canned Cycles - Peck Drilling
Note:
A 7mm drill is required for this tutorial.
It is required to face the billet, and turn the 23mm diameter, centre drill to a depth of
5mm, peck drill the 07 hole and then part off the component.
The stand-off point for G83 will be X0 Z2, i.e. 2mm clear of the face.
Tool used: (7) drill.
Z (total depth of hole excluding the stand-off) = -20
I (drill diameter) = 7
K (the reduction; a decimal value). This is the percentage by which the second and
subsequent pecks are reduced, until the required depth is reached, e.g. 0.99, (the first
peck is twice the drill diameter).
F (feed rate) = 50mm/min.
The program for TUT 9 is shown on the programming sheet. Test it and examine its
operation.

NUMBER

1 FACE 2500
2000 70 1
2 TURN 23 x 35
4 CHANGE TOOL 5
5 CENTRE DRILL 5mm DEEP 2500
2000 50
7 CHANGE TOOL 7
8 STAND OFF POSITION 1750
1500 RAPID
9 DRILL 7 HOLE x 20mm DEEP USING G83 CYCLE 50
11 CHANGE TOOL 11
12 PART OFF TO LENGTH (1.6 PARTING TOOL) 2500
2000 50
14 END PROGRAM
40
35
32
20
25
23
7
DRAWING PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET
ALUMN

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
METRIC UNITS 20 71
RAPID TO TOOL CHANGE 30 30.0 10.0
START SPINDLE 2500
RAPID TO START OF 23 CUT 70 23.0
TURN 23 X 35 80 01 -35.0 70
CHANGE TO CENTRE DRILL 100 06 5
SPINDLE START FORWARD
C/ DRILL 1mm STAND OFF 110 03 0 1.0 2500
2000
DRILL 5mm DEEP 120 01 -5.0 80
RETRACT DRILL 130 2.0
TOOL CHANGE - 7 DRILL 150 06 7 7
START SPINDLE 160 03 0 2.0
RAPID TO STAND OFF POSITION 1750
G83 PECK DRILL CYCLE 170 83 -20.0 7 0.9 50
TOOL CHANGE - 1.6mm PARTING 190 06 11
SPINDLE START 200 04 25.0 -33.6
MOVE TO PARTING POSITION 2000
2500
PART OFF 210 01 -1.0 70
CLEAR WORK 220 25.0
SPINDLE STOP - PARK POSITION 230 05 30.0 10.0
Exercise 9: Canned Cycles - Deep Hole Peck Drilling
Note:
A 5mm drill is required for this tutorial.
specification:
a) Billet size 25 x 40mm stickout from chuck.
b) Billet material -steel EN1A
c) Face to a length of 40mm with one cut.
d) Rough outside diameter to 19mm in cuts not exceeding 3mm on
diameter.
e) Centre drill.
f) Peck drill a 5mm dia. hole 12mm deep.
g) Part off to 30mm long.

1. Complete an operations sheet for the above machining operations.
3. Give your program a run and edit it if necessary.
Use tutorials 6 and 9 to help you with this exercise.
Tutorial 10 : Circular Interpolation - Partial Arcs
The topic of circular interpolation was introduced in Tutorial 4. These arcs were of 90
degrees and occupied a single quadrant. If the arc is less than 90 degrees, it is called a
partial arc.
Examples of partial arcs are shown below:
1. Two partial arcs programmed next to each other to form a groove. In this case, care has
to be taken to ensure that the correct tools are chosen so that the toolholders do not rub
against the edges of the groove.
2. Four partial arcs connecting tapers.
3. A partial arc as a fillet to a taper and a shoulder.
R
R
1
2 3
R
R
R
R
R

The drawing shows a component turned with a taper together with two partial arcs - one
clockwise and the other one counter-clockwise.
The operations sheet gives details of the roughing cuts.
The I and K values are determined in the same way as for 90 arcs, i.e.
(a) the I value is the incremental distance measured along the X axis and
the K value is the distance measured along the Z axis to the arc centre
from the tool position at the commencement of the cut, or
(b) the I value is the radius.
The X and Z values are the co-ordinates of the tool at the finish of the arc.
The calculations required to determine these values may involve trigonometry.
The program for TUT 10 is shown on the programming sheet. Test it and examine its
operation.

NUMBER

1 FACE 2500
2000 70 1
2 TURN 23 x 29
3 21 x 28.5
4 19 x 28
5 17 x 27
6 15 x 21
7 13 x 13
8 11 x 7
9 9 x 2
10 7 x 1
11 FACE 2 (START OF RAD)
12 TURN 4mm RAD TO 9.93
13 TURN TAPER
14 TURN 4mm RAD TO 24
15 TURN 24 x 36.6 (1.6mm PARTING TOOL)
17 CHANGE TOOL 11
18 PART OFF TO LENGTH (35mm) 2000
2500 50
20 END PROGRAM
40
35
30
R4
16.07
9.93
R4
25
24
3.48
26.53
DRAWING
PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET
PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNING MATERIAL: STEELALUMN
EN1A

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
METRIC UNITS 20 71
START SPINDLE
2500
CUT 23 X 29mm LONG 80 01 -29.0 70
CUT 21 X 28.5 110 01 -28.5 70
CUT 19 X 28 140 01 -28.0 70
CUT 17 X 27 170 01 -27.0 70
CUT 15 X 21 200 01 -21.0 70
CUT 13 X 13 230 01 -13.0 70
CUT 11 X 7 260 01 -7.0 70
DRAWING PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
CUT 9 X 2 290 01 -2.0 70
CUT 7 X 1 320 01 -1.0 70
RAPID TO FACE 2 - (START OF RADIUS) 340 2.0 0
TURN RADIUS 350 03 9.93 -3.48 4 70
TURN TAPER 360 01 16.07 -26.53 70
TURN RADIUS 370 02 24.0 -30.0 4 70
TURN 24 380 01 24.0 -36.6 70
TOOL CHANGE - PARTING TOOL 400 06 11
START SPINDLE 410 04 25.0 -36.6
RAPID TO PART OFF POSITION 2000
2500
PART OFF 420 01 -1.0 50
RAPID CLEAR OF WORK 430 25.0
SPINDLE STOP - PARK POSITION 440 05 30.0 10.0
Exercise 10: Circular Interpolation - Partial Arcs.
You are required to produce the component drawn below.

The billet size is 25 x 40mm stickout from chuck.
The billet material is steel EN1A.
R10
R5
25
10
15
23
12
22
6 29

1. Complete an operations sheet for the above component.
Tutorial 11: Combining G Codes to Produce a Program.
In this tutorial a selection of preparatory codes (G codes) is used to produce the

component shown.
Test run the program and examine its operation.
34
28
19.5
16.75
10.75 DRILL 7
23
18
17
20
R1.5
R6.5
20
THREAD 0.75mm PITCH L.H. DRILL POINT
DRAWING PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET
ALUMN

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
METRIC UNITS 20 71
TOOL PARK POSITION 30 30.0 10.00 1
START SPINDLE 2500
CUT DIAMETER X 23.5mm LONG 110 01 -23.50 80
RAPID CLEAR OF WORK 120 22.0 -16.00
CUT TAPER - TOOL CUTTING IN 130 01 20.0 -19.50 70
CUT TAPER - TOOL CUTTING OUT 140 01 23.5 -27.00 70
RAPID TO STAND OFF FOR G81 CYCLE 150 0.50
REDUCE DIAMETER BY 3mm IN 2 CUTS 160 81 3.0 -10.50 2 80
POSITION FOR FIRST ANGLE CUT 170 14.0
CUT CHAMFER 180 01 18.5 -2.80 50
CUT CHAMFER 210 01 18.5 -4.40 40
CHANGE SPINDLE SPEED 220 04 0 2000
2500
RAPID TO ZERO IN Z AXIS
RAPID TO 4mm 230 4.0
CUT 6.5 RADIUS TO 17mm 240 03 17.0 -6.50 0 6.5 50
CUT 1.5 RADIUS TO 20mm 260 02 20.0 -10.75 1.5 0 50
DUET PROGRAMMING
PROGRAMMING SHEETSHEET-TURNING MATERIAL: STEEL EN1A
DRAWING

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S
CUT TAPER - TOOL CUTTING IN 280 01 18.0 -19.50 70
CUT TAPER - TOOL CUTTING OUT 290 01 23.0 -28.00 50
STOP SPINDLE - TOOL PARK POSITION 300 05 30.0 10.00
CHANGE TO TOOL 5 - C/DRILL 310 06 5
START SPINDLE
RAPID TO START POSITION 320 03 0 3.00 2000
2000
CUT TO DEPTH 330 01 -5.00 50
CHANGE TO TOOL 7 - 7mm DRILL 360 06 7 7
START SPINDLE
RAPID TO STAND OFF POSITION 370 03 0 2.00 2000
1500
DRILL 20mm DEEP WITH G83 CYCLE 380 83 -20.00 7 0.99 50
CHANGE TO TOOL 4 400 06 4
START SPINDLE 410 04 22.0 -9.25 400
RAPID TO STAND OFF POSITION
CUT THREAD WITH G84 CYCLE (106mm) 420 84 -10.25 0.92
0.82 10 0.75
CHANGE TO TOOL 11 440 06 11
START SPINDLE - RAPID TO POSITION 450 04 25.0 -34.00 2500
2000
PART OFF TO LENGTH 460 01 -0.5 40
CLEAR WORK 470 30.0
Exercise 11: Using a Combination of G Codes
You are required to produce the component drawn below.

The billet size is 25 x 40mm stickout from the chuck.
The billet material is steel EN1A.
15
THREAD 0.75mm PITCH L.H. DRILL POINT
DRILL 5
R2
22
14
16
20
6
5 R5
10
12
22
30
35

1. Complete an operations sheet for the above component.
Tutorial 12: Programming Spindle Orientation & Driven Tool.
In this tutorial the spindle orientation, shotbolt and driven tool are programmed
appropriately to drill 2 radial holes at 180 deg intervals. Note the X values are -ve as the
driven tool is positioned at the opposite end of the cross slide than the Turret of Quick
Change Tool Post.
Programming Sheet Steel EN1A

Drawing M a te ria l
Number TITLE TUT12 W ritte n B y SHEET No. 1 O F 2
SEQUENCE No. PR EP M ISC A X IS FEED S P IN D L E
FU N C TIO N FUN CTIO N C O O R D IN A T E S R AT E SPEED
D E S C R IP T IO N N G M X Z I K F S
A B S O L U T E P R O G R A M M IN G 10 90
M E T R IC U N IT S 20 71
P A R K P O S IT IO N 30 -4 0 .0 0 2 0 .0 0
T O O L C H A N G E (D R IV E N ) 40 06 8
S P IN D L E O R IE N TA T IO N 50 16 0
E N G A G E S H O T B O LT 60 51
D R IV E N T O O L A C T IV A T E 70 10
M O V E T O O U T S ID E O F B A R 80 -2 0 .0 0
D R IL L R A D IA L H O L E 90 01 -2 0 .0 0 50
P U L L O U T D R IV E N T O O L 100 -4 0 .0 0
D IS E N G A G E S H O T B O LT 110 52
S P IN D L E O R IE N TA T IO N 120 16 180
E N G A G E S H O T B O LT 130 51
D R IL L R A D IA L H O L E 140 01 -2 0 .0 0 50
P U L L O U T D R IV E N T O O L 150 -4 0 .0 0
D IS E N G A G E S H O T B O LT 160 52
D R IV E N T O O L O F F 170 11
P A R K P O S IT IO N 180 -4 0 .0 0 2 0 .0 0
E N D O F P R O G R A M /R P T 190 30
OPERATIONS SHEET
DRAWING OPERATIONS SHEETSHEET - TURNING

DUET OPERATIONS
NUMBER
BILLET MATERIAL TYPE NO. TITLE
O/DIA. I/DIA. STICKOUT

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PROGRAMMING SHEET
DRAWING PROGRAMMING
DUET SHEET
PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNING MATERIAL:
NUMBER TITLE. WRITTEN BY SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE
DESCRIPTION
N G M X Z I K F S

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Programming Manual

6 CNC and CAM Machining

Tutorials and Exercises

Tutorial 1: Linear Interpolation -

2 Running the Demonstration

Use the cursor keys to manipulate the 3D view as follows:

Show the Program 7. Select INFO to show the program details:

8. Turn off the program details display. (Press ESC or EOB).

Display the Program 9. Select MENU , and then Display:

Scroll the display to examine the program:

Press or to scroll one line.

10. Turn off the program display: (Press ESC).

Simulate Machining 11. Select MENU , then 2D Simulate:

Simulate Machining 12. Select MENU , then 3D Simulate:

Machine the Refer to Section 6 - CNC and CAM Machining.

3 Axes and Tooling

3.1. Axes and Datum

Figure 3.1 Axes and Datum Position

Machines without homing switches:

Figure 3.2 Turret Tool Positions

3.2 Turret (Figure 3.2)

3.3 Quick Change Toolpost

Tool Clamping Screw

Tool Tool Securing Screws

Figure 3.3 Quick Change Toolpost

Centre Height Tool Securing

Figure 3.4 Tool Fitting and Adjustment

Figure 3.5 Internal Tool Fitting Detail

3.4 Gang Plate (Figure 3.6)

Figure 3.6 Gang Plate

3.5 Driven Tooling

Handwheel with scale

Mounting Bracket Type 1 Driven Tool

Figure 3.7 Driven Tool Attachment

Figure 3.8 Mounting Bracket Type 2

3.6 Spindle Rotation and Tool Orientation

WORKPIECE IN CHUCK REVERSE Tool holder at back

FORWARD -X Tool holder at front

EXTERNAL TURNING INTERNAL TURNING

USING TAILSTOCK REVERSE +X POSITIVE X VALUES ONLY

FORWARD -X NEGATIVE X VALUES ONLY

Figure 3.9 Spindle Rotation and Tool Orientation

A conventional tailstock may be fitted. Alternatively, a pneumatically-operated tailstock

3.9 Collet (Figure 3.10)

9. 10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15. 16.

Figure 3.10 Fitting Collet Chucking

3.10 Tool Libraries

1. Tool number used by CNC program to select required tool

Figure 3.11 Tool Data Library

Tooling Menu 2. Select MENU to display the tooling menu:

Figure 3.12 Tool Library

1 To check tool type, press ESC then select MENU and

To edit tool details:

Figure 3.12 Tool Editing Display

Set Datum Position Note:

Enter the X and Z axis measurements supplied with the machine.

Figure 3.13 Workshift Measurements for different Chucking

11. Select , Machine and then Tools.

14. When the axes are homed, the screen shows:

TOOLS OTHER THAN DRILLS Tool position on axes

DRILLS Tool position on axes