PERSAMAAN REDOKS

1. Indicate whether the following balanced equations involve oxidation-reduction. If they

do, identify the elements that undergo changes in oxidation number.

Answer:

2. Complete and balance the following equations, and identity the oxidizing and reducing
agents:

a)
Answer:

b)
Answer:

c)
Answer:
d)

e)
STOIKIOMETRI REDOKS
1 In a galvanic cell the cathode is an halfcell. The anode is a standard hydrogen
electrode immersed in a buffer solution containing 0.10 Mbenzoic acid (C6H5COOH) and
0.050 Msodium benzoate. The measured cell voltage is 1.030 V. What is the pKa of
benzoic acid?

2 The standard potential for the reduction of AgSCN(s) is +0.0895 V .

AgSCN(s) + e- Ag(s) + SCN-(aq)
Using this value and the electrode potential for , calculate the Ksp for AgSCN.

3 The Ksp value for PbS(s) is 8,0 x 10-28. By using this value together with an electrode
potential from Appendix E, determine the value of the standard reduction potential for
the reaction
PbS(s) + 2e- Pb(s) + S2-(aq)
Jawab : Pb2+(aq)+2e Pb(s) E0red =-0.126 V

PbS(s) Pb2+(aq)+S2-(aq) E0=?

PbS(s)+2e- Pb(s)+S2-(aq) E0red =?

E0 for the second step can be calculated from Ksp

E0= 0.0592/n log Ksp = 0.0592/2 log (8.0 10-28) = 0.0592/2 (-27.10) = -0.802 v

E0 for the half-reaction = -0.126 V + (-0.802 v) = -0.928 v

Calculating an imaginary E0 for a nonredox process like step 2 may be a disturbing idea.
Alternatively, one could calculate K for step 1 (5.4 10-5), K for the reaction in question (K =
K1Ksp = 4.4 10-32) and then E0 for the half-reaction. The result is the same.

4 A student designs an ammeter (a device that measures electrical current) that is based
on the electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. When electrical current
of unknown magnitude is run through the device for 2.00 min, 12.3 mL of water-
saturated H2(g) is collected. The temperature of the system is 25.5 C, and the
atmospheric pressure is 768 torr.What is the magnitude of the current in amperes?

5 Calculate the emf generated by the cell described in the practice exercise accompany
Sample Exercise 20.6 when [Al3+] = 4.0 x 10-3 M and [I-] = 0.010 M.
2Al(s) + 3I2(s) 2Al3+(aq) + 6I-(aq)
PERSAMAAN NERST
1 Predict whether the following reactions will be spontaneous in acidic solution under
standard conditions: (a) oxidation of Sn2+ to by I2 (to form I- ), (b) reduction of to
Ni2+ by I- (to form I2), (c) reduction of Ce4+ to Ce3+ by H2O2, (d) reduction of Cu2+ to
Cu by Sn2+ (to form Sn4+ ).
2 Gold exists in two common positive oxidation states, and +3 . The standard reduction
potentials for these oxidation states are
Au+ (aq) + e- Au(s) Ered = +1.69 V
Au3+ (aq) + 3e- Au(s) Ered = +1.50 V
(a) Can you use these data to explain why gold does not tarnish in the air? (b) Suggest
several substances that should be strong enough oxidizing agents to oxidize gold
metal.(c)Miners obtain gold by soaking gold-containing ores in an aqueous solution
of sodium cyanide.A very soluble complex ion of gold forms in the aqueous solution
because of the redox reaction
4Au(s) + 8NaCN(aq) + 2H2O(l) + O2(g) 4Na[Au(CN)2](aq) + 4NaOH(aq)
What is being oxidized and what is being reduced in this reaction? (d) Gold miners
then react the basic aqueous product solution from part (c) with Zn dust to get gold
metal.Write a balanced redox reaction for this process. What is being oxidized,and
what is being reduced?
3. (a) Write the reactions for the discharge and charge of a nickelcadmium (nicad)
rechargeable battery. (b) Given the following reduction potentials,calculate the
standard emf of the cell:
Cd(OH)2(s) + 2e- Cd(s) + 2 OH-(aq) Ered = -0.76 V
NiO(OH)(s) + H2O(l) + e- Ni(OH)2(s) + OH-(aq) Ered = +0.49 V
c. A typical nicad voltaic cell generates an emf of . Why is there a difference between
this value and the one you calculated in part (b)? (d) Calculate the equilibrium
constant for the overall nicad reaction based on this typical emf value.

4. Cytochrome,a complicated molecule that we will represent as CyFe2+ , reacts with the
air we breathe to supply energy required to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The body uses ATP as an energy source to drive other reactions.(Section 19.7) At pH
7.0 the following reduction potentials pertain to this oxidation of CyFe2+ :
(a) What is G for the oxidation of CyFe2+ by air? (b) If the synthesis of 1.00 mol of
ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) requires a G of 37.7 kJ, how many moles of
ATP are synthesized per mole of O2?

5. 3Ni2+(aq) + 2Cr(OH)3(s) + 10OH- 3Ni(s) + 2CrO42-(aq) + 8H2O(l)

a. What is value of n
b. Use the data of Appendix E to calculate G
c. Calculate K at T=298 K
Answer :

Ni2+(aq) + 2e Ni(s) x3 Eored = -0,25V

Cr(OH)3(s) + 5OH-(aq) CrO42-(aq)+ 4H2O(l) + 3e x2 Eooks = +0,13V
3Ni2+(aq) + 2Cr(OH)3(s) + 10OH-(aq) 3Ni(s) + 2CrO42-(aq) + 8H2O(l) Esel = -0,12V

Eo = Eored - Eooks
Eo = 0.25V - 0.13V
Eo = -0,12V

Go = - nFEo
Go = - (6)(96485 J/mol)(-0,12V)
Go = + 6,9 x 104 J/mol
Go = + 69 kJ/mol

Go = - R T lnK
(+6,9x104 J/mol)= - (8,314 J/Kmol)(298K) ln K
ln K = - 27,849
K = 8 x 10-13
 ELEKTROLISIS

1. (a) The half-reaction for formation of magnesium metal upon electrolysis of molten
MgCl2 is Mg2+(aq) + 2e- Mg(s) . Calculate the mass of magnesium formed upon
passage of a current of 60.0 A for a period of 4.00 x 10-3
(b) How many seconds would be required to produce 50.0 g of Mg from MgCl2 if the
current is 100.0 A?
Jawab: Mg2+(aq) + 2e- Mg(s)
a. C = i.t
= 60 A x (4.00 x 103) s
= 2.4 x 105 C
F = 96485 C/mol e-
1 mol e
mol e- = 2.4 x 105 C x = 2.487 mol e-
96485
- 1
mol Mg = 2.487 mol e x = 1.2435 mol Mg
2 mol e
24.3050
massa Mg = 1.2435 mol x = 30,22 gram
1
..
b. w = 96485
24.3050 100
2
50 g Mg = 96485
t = 3.969 x 103 s

2. (a) A Cr3+(aq) solution is electrolyzed, using a current of 7.60 A. What mass of Cr(s) is
plated out after 2.00 days? (b)What amperage is required to plate out 0.250 mol Cr
from a solution in a period of 8.00 h?
Jawab: Cr3+(aq) + 3e- Cr(s)
24 60 60
a. t = 2 days x 1
x 1 x 1
= 172800 s
C = i.t
= 7.60 A x 172800 s
= 1313280 C
F = 96485 C/mol e-
1 mol e
mol e- = 1313280 C x = 13.611 mol e-
96485
- 1
mol Cr = 13.611 mol e x = 4.537 mol Cr
2 mol e
52
massa Cr = 4.537 mol x 1 = 235.92 gram
60 60
b. t = 8 hour x x = 28800 s
1 1
52
massa Cr = 0.250 mol x 1 = 13 gr
..
w = 96485
52 28800
3
13 g Cr = 96485
t = 2.51 A
3. Metallic magnesium can be made by the electrolysis of molten MgCl2.(a)What mass
of Mg is formed by passing a current of 4.55 A through molten MgCl2, for 4.50 days?
(b) How many minutes are needed to plate out 25.00 g Mg from molten MgCl 2 using
3.50 A of current?
Jawab: Mg2+(aq) + 2e- Mg(s)
24 60 60
a. t = 4.50 days x x 1 x = 388800 s
1 1
C = i.t
= 4.55 A x 388800 s
= 1769040 C
F = 96485 C/mol e-
1 mol e
mol e- = 1769040 C x = 18.335 mol e-
96485
- 1
mol Mg = 18.335 mol e x = 9.1675 mol Mg
2 mol e
24.3050
massa Mg = 9.1675 mol x = 222.816 gram
1
..
b. w = 96485
24.3050 3.50
2
25 g Mg = 96485
t = 56710.84 s
= 945.18 min

4. (a) Calculatthe mass of Li formed by electrolysis of molten LiCl by a current of 7.5

4
x 10 A flowing for a period of 24 h. Assume the electrolytic cell is 85% efficient. (b)
What is the minimum voltage required to drive the reaction?
Jawab: Li+(aq) + e- Li(s)
60 60
a. t = 24 hour x x = 86400 s
1 1
F = 96485 C/mol efisiensi 100%
96485
Efisiensi sel 85% = 0.85 mol x 0.85 = 113511.76 C/mol
1
..
w = 113511.76
6.938 75000 86400
1
w Li = 113511.76
= 396066.8 gr
= 3.96 x 105 gr Li
b. Li+(aq) + e- Li(s) Ered = -3.05 V
Cl2(g) + 2e- 2Cl-(aq) Ered = +1.36 V

katode : Li+(aq) + e- Li(s) Ered = -3.05 V

anode : 2Cl-(aq) Cl2(g) + 2e- Ered = -1.36 V
2Li+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) 2Li(s) + Cl2(g) Esel = -4.41 V
Jadi, tegangan minimum yang dibutuhkan agar reaksi berlangsung ialah -4.41 V
5. Elemental calcium is produced by the electrolysis of molten CaCl2. (a) What mass of
calcium can be produced by this process if a current of 7.5 x 103A is applied for 48 h?
Assume that the electrolytic cell is 68% efficient.(b) What is the minimum voltage
needed to cause the electrolysis
Jawab: Ca2+(aq) + 2e- Ca(s)
60 60
a. t = 48 hour x x = 172800 s
1 1
F = 96485 C/mol efisiensi 100%
96485
Efisiensi sel 68% = 0.68 mol x 0.68 = 141889.70 C/mol
1
..
w = 113511.76
40 7500 172800
2
w Ca = 141889.70
= 182677.11 gr
= 1.827 x 105 gr Ca
b. Ca2+(aq) + 2e- Ca(s) Ered = -2.87 V
Cl2(g) + 2e- 2Cl-(aq) Ered = +1.36 V

katode : Ca2+(aq) + 2e- Ca(s) Ered = -2.87 V

anode : 2Cl-(aq) Cl2(g) + 2e- Ered = -1.36 V
Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) Ca(s) + Cl2(g) Esel = -4.23 V
Jadi, tegangan minimum yang dibutuhkan agar reaksi berlangsung ialah -4.41 V