TO BE AND PRONOUN

EXERCISE CHAPTER 1

1. They critize buying such an 7. Promoting goods and services, the

expensive car in this monetary crisis. company salesman also bid an
A. She opportunity to earn some profit.
A. They
B. She`s
B. Their
C. Her C. Its
D. Hers D. It
(USM STAN 2014 : 126) (USM STAN 2010 : 149)

2. The materials was got from this English 8. Some of the shops I wanted to see no
A. longer in the city.
couse is different with the materials we A. Is
B. C. B. Are
learned from school. C. Have
D. D. Were
(USM STAN 2014 : 156) (USM STAN 2009 : 146)

3. His mother explicity told he not to go 9. In the meeting, we gave the clients our
out A. B.
A. B. telephone number, and they gave their.
the river by himself, but he did not C. D.
(USM STAN 2009 : 151)
listen.
C. D. 10. Ah! I found our ticket. Here
(USM STAN 2013 : 158)
A. We are
B. They are
4. I had so few job offers that its was not C. Are they
A. B. C. D. These are
difficult to select one. (USM STAN 2002 : 195)
D.
(USM STAN 2011 : 159)

5. I had so few job offers that its was not

A. B. C.
difficult to select one.
D.
(USM STAN 2011 : 159)

6. Now that their children are grown up,

Mr. and Mrs. Grayson live .
A. Their selves
B. Themselves
C. By theirselves
D. By themselves
(USM STAN 2010 : 129)
 TENSES
EXERCISE CHAPTER 2

1. Dewi a speech at this time tomorrow. 6. Kristina to an opera before she lived
A. Gives in Jakarta.
B. Will be given A. Was never going
B. Has never gone
C. Is giving
C. Had never gone
D. Will be giving D. Did not go
(USM STAN 2014 : 122) (USM STAN 2009 : 140)

2. Rachel . The course for three months 7. I started school when I was five years
by next week . old. I a student for seventeen years
A. Will take now.
B. Will have taken A. Am to be
B. Am
C. Would take C. Am being
D. Is going to take D. Have been
(USM STAN 2014 : 137) (USM STAN 2006 : 161)

3. The mechanic is examining the 8. Because the river steadily since

machine of the yacht so that I Sunday, the residents of the area have
been advised to prepare for flood
Smoothly on its first voyage. conditions.
A. Could sail A. Has been rise
B. Sailed B. Rise
C. Has sailed C. Had risen
D. Is rising
D. Will sail (USM STAN 2006 : 163)
(USM STAN 2013 : 141)
9. Ditto Indonesia before he came to
4. The chief accountant ... the monthly Jakarta to study in the international
report for seven hours when the student program.
director arrived. A. Had never visited
A. Had been scrutinizing B. Has never visited
B. Has been scrutinizing C. Never visited
C. Had been scrutinized D. Would never visited
D. Has been scrutinized (USM STAN 2006 : 174)
(USM STAN 2011 : 133)

10. Tony is going return to Aceh as soon as

5. The children by the time their
he is university diplomas degree.
pasrents got home.
A. Gets
A. Sleep
B. Will get
B. Was sleeping
C. Would get
C. Has already slept
D. Got
D. Had already slept (USM STAN 2005 : 174)
(USM STAN 2010 : 141)
 PASSIVE VOICE
EXERCISE CHAPTER 3

1. Before we checked out of the hotel, the 6. Michael`s report discussed when I
sales manager told us that the bill called Prof . Smith this afternoon.
A. Have already been paid A. Was being
B. Has already been paid B. Been
C. Was already paid C. Being
D. Had already been paid D. Have been
(USM STAN 2013 : 134) (USM STAN 2007 : 158)

2. Many people in that hotel were 7. Henry VIII ruled that people born in
frightened the bombing threat issued February 29 their birthday on
by the terrorists. February 28 in non leap years.
A. Off
A. Celebrates
B. By
C. At B. Would ceebrate
D. With C. Celebrated
(USM STAN 2010 : 136) D. Would have celebrated
(USM STAN 2007 : 162)
3. The recent progress report to the
Branch Manager. 8. All of my time in the library
A. Submits A. Has spending
B. Will submit B. Is spent
C. Will be submitted C. Are spent
D. Will be submitting D. Spending
(USM STAN 2010 : 150) (USM STAN 2006 : 159)

4. Sari to school with her friends at 9. The proposal discussed when I called
6.30 a.m. Tomorrow. the office this morning
A. Walks A. Been
B. Is going to walk B. Being
C. Will be walking C. have been
D. Will have walked D. was being
(USM STAN 2009 : 131) (USM STAN 2006 : 169)

5. dinner tonight, with Mr, Capello and 10. Sekolah Tinggi Akuntansi Negara
i`d like to invite you to come along. (STAN) as one of the best colleges in
A. We would have Indonesia.
B. We`ve just A. Is regarded
B. Regarded
C. We`re having
C. Regards
D. We have D. Regarding
(USM STAN 2007 : 157) (USM STAN 2005 : 166)
 CLAUSE
EXERCISE CHAPTER 4

1. There are many good people in the 6. the global economy crisis, many
world you can trust to help you. labours lost their job.
A. Which A. Because of
B. Because
B. Whose
C. Despite
C. Whom D. In spite of
D. Of which (USM STAN 2010 : 140)
(USM STAN 2014 : 128)
7. Coral reefs area small fish live and
2. the tardy response, I was not allowed take helter are damaged now.
to enter the institution. A. Which
A. Despite B. Of whose
C. In where
B. In spite of
D. In which
C. Because (USM STAN 2009 : 125)
D. Because of
(USM STAN 2014 : 129) 8. taufik hidayat won the sudirman cup
is the pride of indonesia.
3. Its remote location, the western A. That
outpost of Bethel, Alaska has its share B. As
of big-city problems. C. Thus
D. However
A. Instead (USM STAN 2009 : 127)
B. Although
C. Because 9. The farmers exterminate rodents in
D. Despite their farmland they damage the
(USM STAN 2013 : 132) crops.
A. If
4. The man decided to resign from his job B. Though
His proposal of increasing the salary C. However
was rejected. D. As
(USM STAN 2009 : 143)
A. Thus
B. As 10. I was scared, I was also curious
C. Hence about the old lady.
D. Because of A. Yet
(USM STAN 2013 : 146) B. But
C. Instead
D. And
5. ... , the family were satisfied with the (USM STAN 2006: 162)
holiday.
A. Beside the hotel
B. Among the hotel
C. Between the hotel
D. Besides the hotel
(USM STAN 2011 : 145)
 DERIVATIVES AND QUESTION TAG
EXERCISE CHAPTER 5

1. The three major employers of career 6. Nothing went wrong when the director
A. was gone, ?
physics are academic institutions, A. Did it
B. C. B. Didnt it
government laboratories , and private C. Was it
D. D. Wasn it
Industries. (USM STAN 2010 : 145)
(USM STAN 2014 : 154)
7. Faiz almost never eat at home, ?
2. When entering a Japanese home or A. Did he
restaurant, it is ... to remove shoes. B. Would he
A. Customary C. Had she
B. Customs D. Didnt she
C. Customer (USM STAN 2005 : 172)
D. Costumy
(USM STAN 2011 : 144) 8. Hes already read the letter, ?
A. Hasnt he
3. Although he wrote her for several B. Isnt he
times, he has never met his daughter, C. Doesnt he
? D. Hasnt it
A. Did he (USM STAN 2003 : 162)
B. Is he
C. Does he 9. Lets go to the stadium, ?
D. Has he A. Will we
(USM STAN 2013 : 128) B. Dont we
C. Are we
4. Even with the nomination out of reach, D. Shall we
A. B. (USM STAN 2002: 175)
he appeared unwillingness to
C. D. 10. There are only 90 questions in this test,
concede. ?
(USM STAN 2011 : 156) A. Did there
B. Didnt there
5. The late prehistoric rock-art sites of an C. Dont there
A. B.
D. Arent there
Iberian Peninsula form an exceptionally
(USM STAN 2009 CRASH PROGRAM : 126)
C. D.
large group.
(USM STAN 2011: 157)
 PREFERENCE AND COMPARISON
EXERCISE CHAPTER 6

1. The cellular phone which she bought is 6. Our first tour detinantion in Asia is
one in the promo. our next destination.
A. Cheaper A. Farther than
B. The farther than
B. The cheapest
C. Farthest than
C. Cheapest D. The farthest than
D. The cheaper (USM STAN 2010 : 147)
(USM STAN 2014 : 150)
7. We would rather study for the final
2. Even though the next generation phone A. B.
is thin, the program is the last one. exam tomorrow better than go
A. As twice complicated as C.
B. Twice more complicated than shopping.
D.
C. Twice as complicated as (USM STAN 2010 : 152)
D. More complicated than twice
(USM STAN 2013 : 131) 8. The biggest mistake people can make
with their dogs is to treat them alike
3. The graphic shows that the sales in A. B. C. D.
March is slightly Than sales in humans.
February. (USM STAN 2010 : 153)

A. Low
B. Lower 9. The more I think about philosophy,
A. The less I understand it
C. Lowest
B. I like it less
D. The lower C. Better I like it
(USM STAN 2013 : 150)
D. It likes better
(USM STAN 2005 : 169)
4. The earlier the young players get the
A.
10. The art of singing is humanity
chance to play in International events,
A. As old
B.
B. Old as
the best they will be in the future.
C. As old as
C. D.
(USM STAN 2013 : 160)
D. So old
(USM STAN 2004 : 161)
5. Of the three dresses she has just
bought, the dark blue one is ...
A. More expensive
B. The more expensive
C. Most expensive
D. The most expensive
(USM STAN 2011 : 149)
 PARALLELISM, ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES, AND CONCORDANCE
EXERCISE CHAPTER 7

1. Tigor likes to talk to his dogs, takes 6. In the movie, the actor has showed a
A. B. A. B. C.
them for a walk twice a day, and fiercely, dreamy and brave character.
C. D.
feeding them expensive dog food (USM STAN 2011 : 154)
D.
(USM STAN 2014 : 155) 7. Ira barely sleeps before midnight, and

2. The movie The Kingss Speech is A. Ita does not either
awarded Oscar for its screenplay as B. Neither does Ita
C. Either does Ita
well as . D. Does not Ita either
A. Awarded for its cast member (USM STAN 2010 : 121)
B. For its cast member
C. Cast member 8. I am worried about the test, and
D. It is for cast member A. Also is he
(USM STAN 2013 : 144) B. So is he
C. He is also
3. Neither of those people understand the D. So he does
A. B. (USM STAN 2003 : 167)
importance and the risk of this project.
C. D. 9. If Jacks wife wont agree to sign the
(USM STAN 2013 : 156)
papers,
A. Either wont he
4. People who achieve success do many
B. Neither he will
A. B. C.
C. He wont neither
different things before, like studying,
D. Neither will he
working, and to attend classes in (USM STAN 2002 : 165)
D.
Universities. 10. She is not reading,
(USM STAN 2013 : 152)
A. Either am
B. Neither am I
5. The role of a geologist varies not only
C. Neither I am
with his area of specialization, but also
D. Either I am
... (USM STAN 2000 : 15)
A. It varies with experience earned
on the occupational specialties
B. With experience earned on the
occupational specialties
C. Varies with experience earned on
the occupational specialties
D. Its experience earned on the
occupational specialties
(USM STAN 2011 : 135)
 MODALS AND PREPOSITION
EXERCISE CHAPTER 8

1. The loud music from his neightbor`s 6. Since the company doesnt charge a late
house distract him completing his fee until after the sixteenth, you pay
thesis. until a day or two before that.
A. Shouldnt
A. For
B. Mustn
B. From C. Neednt
C. Of D. Cant
D. In (USM STAN 2005: 177)
(USM STAN 2014 : 135)

7. The light is out in her room ; she

2. X: I really need a job right now.
Y: Well, you ... look for job vacancies in A. Must go to bed
the newspaper. B. Must have gone to bed
A. Should C. Must gone to bed
B. Must D. Must be gone to bed
C. Might (USM STAN 2003: 164)
D. Need
(USM STAN 2011: 148) 8. She went to the office by taxi, but she
by bus.
3. You unplug the toaster before you
A. Might of gone
try to clean it.
A. Have better B. Should gone
B. Better to C. Could have gone
C. Had better D. Ought have gone
D. Should be better (USM STAN 2003 : 172)
(USM STAN 2009 : 126)
9. We will be leaving just a few
4. Knowledge of knowledge assets is minutes.
critical rich source of information A. In
about where the strength of your
company lie. B. At
A. On the proper planning for a C. On
knowledge management system D. Of
and is the (USM STAN 2000: 16)
B. To be proper planning for a
knowledge management system 10. Blue jeans are worn by people of
and is a all economic levels, millionaires to
C. For the properly plan of a those living on welfare.
knowledge management system A. Not only
and also a B. Both
D. Of the proper plans to the C. Including
knowledge management system as D. From
much as a (USM STAN 2000: 19)
(USM STAN 2007 : 149)

5. He went by bus, but he by car.

A. Might of gone
B. Should gone
C. Could have gone
D. Ought have gone
(USM STAN 2005: 167)
 INFINITIVE AND GERUND
EXERCISE CHAPTER 9

1. If people have to pay cash to buy an 6. The hotel manager insisted that the car
expensive condominium, nobody can park Locked at night.
afford it A. Is
A. Buy B. Be
B. Buying C. Should
C. To buy D. Might
D. For buying (USM STAN 2013: 143)
(USM STAN 2014: 121)
7. a pleasant news about her fathers
2. My teacher made me the history arrival in Indonesia, Rose rushed to the
project in a week airport to pick him up.
A. To do A. Having
B. Do B. As she has
C. Done C. Having been
D. Doing D. Had
(USM STAN 2014: 131) (USM STAN 2013: 145)

3. They had better to the airport by five 8. The government considered a new
or else they may miss the flight. bridge to link between the two islands.
A. To get A. Constructs
B. Get B. To construct
C. Getting C. Constructing
D. Got D. Construction
(USM STAN 2014: 133) (USM STAN 2013: 148)

4. In the film world, professionals are 9. His father is an experienced investor

accustomed to a negative into a who is accustomed to ... with
computer at the highest resulotions residential properties.
possible. A. Deal
B. Dealing
A. Scan
C. Be dealing
B. Be scanning D. Be dealt
C. Scanning (USM STAN 2011 : 132)
D. Be scanned
(USM STAN 2014: 147) 10. Not all people can afford ... in a big city
like New York.
5. We had better the manual to get A. Live
more explanation about this product. B. To live
A. Read C. Living
D. For living
B. Reading (USM STAN 2011 : 143)
C. To read
D. To reading
(USM STAN 2013: 121)
 PARTICIPLE AND APPOSITIVE
EXERCISE CHAPTER 10

1. Nias , covering an area of 5.121,3 C. Relays

km2 , is the largest of the islands off D. Relaying
sumatera. (USM STAN 2013 : 127)
A. An island
6. ... with the consequence of his attitude,
B. That an island Michel signed his resign letter.
C. Is an island A. Embarrassed
D. Is that an island B. Embarrassing
(USM STAN 2014 : 124) C. Embarrass
D. Embarrasses
2. Several people have been arrested by (USM STAN 2011 : 122)
the local police for smuggling three
tons of fuel. 7. Mary, ... to win the prize, tripped when
she ran upstairs
A. Allege
A. Having thrilled
B. Allegedly B. Thrilling
C. Alleged C. Thrilled
D. Alleging D. Thrill
(USM STAN 2014 : 130) (USM STAN 2011 : 124)

3. My colleagues were going to watch .
But the review said that it was a flop.
A. The frightened movie
B. The move frightened
C. The movie frightening
D. The frightening movie
(USM STAN 2014 : 139)
4. In 2050, airplanes may experiences
more frequent turbulence over the
North Atlantic Ocean, as a result of
global warming.
A. Since it is the worlds busiest
corridors
B. Which the worlds busiest flight
corridors
C. One of the worlds busiest flight
corridors
D. It is the worlds busiest flight
corridors
(USM STAN 2013 : 124)
8. Caecilians, ... , are the only amphibians
that are blind.
A. Live underground
B. Live underground
C. Which live underground
D. Live which underground
(USM STAN 2011 : 127)
9. We made the pie with ... Cherries.
A. Pit
B. Pitted
C. Pitting
D. Pitting of
(USM STAN 2011 : 138)
10. Mars, , has two satellites.
A. Which the fourth planet from the
sun
B. It is the fourth planet from the sun
C. The fourth planet from the sun
D. Is the fourth planet from the sun
(USM STAN 2010 : 128)

5. The latest satellite the image of the

outer planets is administered by NASA.
A. That relayed
B. Which relaying
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCE AND SUBJUNTIVE
EXERCISE CHAPTER 11

1. Yesterday, Amir screamed ran as if he 6. Since the burglar managed to break

a ghost. into her house, Martha wishes that she
A. Saw The alarm system earlier.
B. Had seen A. Must have installed
C. Has seen B. Had installed
D. Was seeing C. Should install
(USM STAN 2014 : 144) D. Was installing
(USM STAN 2013 : 136)
2. If you drop the egg from the third floor
, it to pieces. 7. lf you put a wet towel directly under
A. Shatter the sun, it ... momentarily.
B. Will shatter A. Will dry
C. Shattered B. Will dries
C. Dry
D. Would shatter
D. Dried
(USM STAN 2014 : 138)
(USM STAN 2011 : 130)

3. the announcement , he would have 8. That machine ... if you fixed it

participated in the Balinese painting immediately.
workshop. A. Would work
A. If he knew B. Would be worked
B. He had known C. Would have worked
C. Had he known D. Would have been worked
(USM STAN 2011 : 136)
D. If he has known
(USM STAN 2014 : 146)
9. You the job if you were not late to the
interview.
4. If the team a better striker, they A. Would get
would have won the game. B. Would be gotten
A. Has C. Would have gotten
B. Had D. Would have been gotten
(USM STAN 2010 : 138)
C. Had had
D. Has had
10. Id rather you anything about it for
(USM STAN 2013 : 149)
the time being.
5. The man donated a large amount of
A. Do
money as though he a millionaire.
B. Didnt do
A. Were
C. Dont
B. Had been
D. Didnt
C. Was
(USM STAN 2003 : 163)
D. Has been
(USM STAN 2013 : 126)
 INVERSION, REDUDANCY AND CAUSATIVE
EXERCISE CHAPTER 12

1. The professor got the students notes 6. Former military ruler Pervez Musharraf
the materials that she taught. has pledged to return back to Pakistan
A. To take A. B.
despite threats to his life from the
B. Take
C. D.
C. Taking Taliban.
D. Taken (USM STAN 2011 : 151)
(USM STAN 2013 : 130)
7. Not only the best student in his
2. No sooner with my computer, than school, but he also receives a
the electricity went out. scholarship.
A. I had worked A. Markus become
B. I worked B. Did Markus become
C. Had I worked C. Does Markus become
D. Markus becoming
D. Did I work (USM STAN 2009 : 144)
(USM STAN 2013 : 140)
8. The customer had the shoes
3. Many kids refuse to eat healthy food before six oclock in the evening.
because their parents always let them A. Deliver
... whatever they like. B. Deliver
A. Eat C. Delivered
B. To eat D. Delivering
C. Eating (USM STAN 2001 : 52)
D. Ate
(USM STAN 2011 : 125) 9. Only after food has been dried and
canned
4. Hardly ever ... the same word twice A. That it should be stored for later
alike. consumption
A. The little boy spelled B. Should be stored for later
B. Did spell the little boy consumption
C. Did the little boy spell C. Should it be stored for later
D. Spelled the iittie boy consumption
(USM STAN 2011 : 139) D. It should be stored for later
consumption
5. It was very kind of my friend to help (USM STAN 2001 : 56)
me ... cash money.
A. To count 10. ... Are the fresh and vegetables healthy
B. Counted for you, but they taste delicious too.
C. Counts A. Much more
D. Count B. Not just
(USM STAN 2011 : 146) C. Not only
D. Of course
(USM STAN 2000 : 17)
 MATERI CAPITA SELECTA
EXERCISE CHAPTER 13

1. One of my sisters lives in Jakarta and 7. The English tutor is our company is
lives in Canberra continuing her study. always given honorarium every
A. The other month.
A. A
B. Another
B. An
C. Other C. The
D. The others D. Its
(USM STAN 2013 : 139) (SOAL PREDIKSI 3)

2. Crocodile has a strong jaw that it can 8. Polar beers are covered with hair on
crush and rip its prey easily. their soles to help them walk on ice and
A. Very snow.
B. Such A. Feet
C. So B. Foot
C. Feets
D. As
D. Foots
(USM STAN 2013 : 142) (SOAL PREDIKSI 4)

3. Many pencils are graded on a European 9. It was that we want out.

A. B. C. A. Such hot today
system using a continuum from H to B. Such hot a day
D. C. So hot day
B. D. So hot a day
(USM STAN 2013 : 159) (SOAL PREDIKSI 5)

4. Calcium is known as an nutrient that 10. Thomas Alfa Edison invented

A. B. C. A. An electric light
will decrease hypertension and colonic B. Electric light
D. C. Electric lights
cancer. D. The electric lights
(USM STAN 2011 : 153) (SOAL PREDIKSI 6)

5. She has many books that she needs

more room to keep them.
A. Such a
B. Such
C. So a
D. So
(SOAL PREDIKSI 1)

6. It is cold to go swimming.
A. So
B. Too
C. Very
D. Such
(SOAL PREDIKSI 2)
 REPORTED SPEECH
EXERCISE CHAPTER 14

1. John asked Billy, where did you go last 6. Please dont take my money
night? John asked Billy The lady begged the robber
A. Where he had gone last night A. Not taking her money
B. Not to take my money
B. Where he went the night before
C. He didnt take her money
C. Where he went last night D. Not to take her money
D. Where he had gone the night (SOAL PREDIKSI 3)
before
(USM STAN 2013 : 138) 7. Doctor : Open your mouth !
Father : What did the doctor tell you
2. Kiranti said to tono, did you finish ?
your homework? Kiranti asked tono Son : the doctor told me
A. Whether he finished his A. That I opened this mouth
homework B. Whether I open my mouth
B. Whether he has finished his C. To open my mouth
homework D. Open my mouth
C. If he finished his homework (SOAL PREDIKSI 4)
D. If he had finished his homework
(USM STAN 2009 : 138) 8. Dio said to me, what can I do for you?
A. Dio asked me to you can I do for
3. Dedi : Arya, how do you inspect you
in our new criminals? B. Dio asked me If what I could that
Arya : I had the special agent for you
A. Investigate C. Dio said to me can I do for you
B. Investigated D. Dio said for you
C. To investigate (SOAL PREDIKSI 5)
D. Investigates
(USM STAN CRASH PROGRAM 2009 : 123) 9. Heni asked me if I had come the the
party the day before.
4. Vera : Ive bought the book, Reza In other words: Heni asked, ?
Vera said to Reza that bought the A. Did you come to the party the day
book. before
A. I have B. Did you come to the party
B. He has yesterday
C. He had C. Do you come to the party yesterday
D. Hed have D. Do you come to the party the day
(SOAL PREDIKSI 1) before
(SOAL PREDIKSI 6)
5. He asked me whether he my car to go
the museum. 10. They asked him, will you help us?
A. Can borrow The direct form is
B. Might borrow A. They asked him if he would help
C. Ought borrow them
D. May borrow B. They asked him if he would help us
(SOAL PREDIKSI 2) C. They asked him will he help them
D. They asked him will he help us
(SOAL PREDIKSI 7)
 READING COMPREHENSION
EXERCISE CHAPTER 15

Reading 1 for question 1 - 6

Many historical linguists are able to trace modern complex languages back to earlier
languages, but in order to answer the question of how omplex langueges are actually formed,
the researcher needs to observe how langueges are started from scratch. To find out how
grammer is created, someone needs to be present at time of a language`s creation, documenting
its emergence. However , this is possible.
Some of the most recent langueges evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. At the time,
slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer`s
rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other`s langueges , they developed a make
shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the
landowner . They have little in the way of grammer, and in many cases it is difficult for a listener
to deduce when an event happened. And who did what to whom. Speeakers need to use
circumlocution in order to make their meaning understood. Interestingly, however, all it takes
for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be ecposed to it when
they learn their mother tongue. Slave children did not simply copy the strings of words uttered
by their elders, they adapted their word to create a new , expressive language . Complex
grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are invented by
children.
Some ilnguists believe that many most established languages were creoles at first. The
English past tense ed ending may have evolved from the ver do it ended mayonce have been
it end did, thus , it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created
by children. Children appear to have innate grammatical mecahanism in thei brains, which
emerges when they are first trying to make sense of the owrd near them. Their minds can
serve to create logical , complex structures , even when there iis no grammer present for the to
copy.

1. The word deduce in line 9 is closes in 3. How do the slave children improve a
meaning to pidgin in order to become a complex
A. Think language?
B. React A. They imitate the pidgin then
C. Conclude develop a completely new
D. Reply language
2. In order to study the grammar creation B. They adapt the word to create an
of a language, the linguists have to expressive and new language.
A. Interview the language maker C. They study the existing grammar
B. Document the complex from the of the pidgin then correct it
language D. Theey communicate with their
C. Record the creation of the parents intensively to improve the
language. pidgin
D. Study the language from the native 4. Paragraph 2 in the passage discusses
speaker about
A. A more simple language used by
Atlantic slave
 B. History of slave children in 6. It is tated in the passage that creole is
learning language
C. Explanation of complex language A. A native language created by
formation Atlantic slaves
D. Differences between pidgin and B. A series of word copied from the
creole language of the landowner
5. The word which line 14 refers to C. A complex grammer system that
A. Words come from pidgins
B. Systems D. A language to communicate among
C. Pidgins slaves of different ethnicities
D. Language (USM STAN 2014 : 161-166)

Reading 2 for questions 7 - 13

Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up
to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from
30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the
relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of
blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue
counterparts.
The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between
20,000 - 50,000C and appear blue in colour. They are designated 'blue supergiants due to their
appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known
example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times
that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.
Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe
in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227- 4,227 degree
Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are l\/lu
Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of
the sun (about 7 times as far as the. Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is
between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth
and beyond.

7. The word designated in line 7 has the 9. The term blue supergiants isused
same meaning with ... for the superstars which ...
A. Termed A. Have radii about 800 times of that
B. Explained of the sun
C. Energized B. Own mass of around 20 times that
D. Lightened of the
8. According to the passage, what is C. Are the largest and brightest stars
correct about red supergiants? in the universe
A. There are only four red supergiants D. Appear blue in colour and have
in the universe. enermous energy
B. Their surfaces temperatures are 10. The word luminosity in line 5 is
between D. light 20,000 - 50,000 closest in meaning to ...
C. A. Brightness
C. They are the largest stars in the B. Heat
universe in physical size. C. Energy
D. Most ofthe stars have radii about D. Strength
20 times 5 that of the Sun.
11. Which of the following is NOT regarded
as red supergiants? ,
A. KY Cygni
B. V354 Orion
C. Mu Cephei
D. KW Sagitarii
12. The word it in line 9 refers to ...
A. Orion
B. Sun
C. Rigel
D. Light
13. Paragraph 1 in the passage discusses
about ...
A. The largest supergiants in the
world
B. Explanation about red supergiants
C. Description of blue supergiants
D. Characteristics of supergiant
(USM STAN 2011 : 174-180)