CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM & ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION
An airport is a gateway to a city. If the airport works, it becomes easy and pleasurable to
visit the metropolis for business or pleasure. And when it doesnt, some may not come back.
(Wendy Waters, 2007)

Cities around the world are separated by physical distance but individuals can travel
relatively easily between cities using various forms of transportation such as trains, cars, ships,
airplanes, etc.

Being the fastest way of transferring people and goods, air travel has been widely used in
almost every developing city. Airports provide unbroken journey over land and sea, thus
hastening passenger travels, trades, and other services. As vital national resources, they serve a
key role in transportation and in regional, national, and international commerce.

Ozamiz Citys very own Ozamiz Airport is the only airport serving the province of Misamis
Occidental. It caters not only Ozamiz City but also the neighboring towns and provinces which
makes it a hub for the community. It serves the cities of Oroquieta and Tangub, municipalities
of Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga del Sur, Lanao del Norte and some parts of Lanao del Sur.

Also known as Benigno Ninoy Aquino, Jr. Airport, Ozamiz Airport is recently classified as
Principal Class 1 Airport. It is located between Barangay Gango and Barangay Labo which is 5.1
kilometers away from the city proper and 7.0 kilometers away from the Ozamiz port.

Considering Ozamiz Citys fast economic growth, the existing airport which accommodates
passengers with an average of 300-400 daily is now on threat of not be able to handle more
passengers in the upcoming years. It lacks convenient facilities to cater every wants and needs
of the inhabitants. It is undoubtedly evident in the existing airport today.

In addition, it is ascertained that there would be a vast increase in the volume of tourists
and visitors after the completion of the local governments several projects in terms of tourism
(Ozamiz CAAP manager). With its strategic geographical location and peaceful atmosphere,
Ozamiz City has a great potential of having an international airport.

Thus, this paper is materialized solely to design an international airport that would cater
the needs of the inhabitants. The project would provide facilities that would satisfy the
users/clientele.

The proposed Ozamiz International Airport would consist of a parking building, airport
terminal building, airport access system, runway, apron, pedestrian zones and vehicular zones.

1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Airports trace their history back to World War I. The first major airport to operate
international commercial services was the Hounslow Heath Aerodrome in London in August
1919. However it was closed and superceded by the London Croydon Airport in March 1920.
Located in Greater London, it rapidly developed over four decades and has been known under a
variety of names. Because of several bombing raids on London and Croydon,the site was
selected as part of the Royal Flying Corps Home Defense in December 1915.

In the United States, the Douglas Municipal Airport in Arizona became the first
international airport of the Americas in 1928.

Structures and facilities during the early days of international flights were very limited.
Runways and aprons were not a problem for there were plenty of spaces to where the aircraft
could land. Moreover, flying boats were also used to international destinations since
four-engined land planes were unavailable for over-water operations.

International airports were sometimes used for military as well as commercial purposes.
Along with this, there were underdeveloped airlines which were predominantly used converted
World War I bombers. Pilots flew in open cockpits and had to endure the extremes of weather
that Mother Nature would throw at them. For passengers the journey was little better. Although
the passenger cabins were enclosed, they were cold and noisy being constructed of wood and
canvas featuring no heating or sound insulation.

Today, due to the vast acceleration of the world and the innovations and development of
technologies and researches, better facilities for air travel are built not only for war and military
use, but also for trading services and national and intercontinental travels and tours.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Ozamiz Airport currently serves flights from and to domestic destinations such as Cebu and
Manila operated by local airliners, Cebu Pacific and Philippine Airlines (PAL) Express. It operates
from 0500H-1430H with four (4) turn around flights per day transporting an average of 350 to
400 passengers daily : PAL/PAL Express Airbus 320 Manila-Ozamiz vice versa, Cebu Pacific Airbus
319/320 Manila-Ozamiz vice versa and Cebu Pacific ATR-72 Cebu-Ozamiz vice versa.

However, the researcher observed and even the CAAP manager admitted that the existing
airport terminal lacks its maintenance in terms of its form and function. In fact, it is evident
that it lacks larger facilities that would satisfy the needs of the users.

In addition, the existing airport only caters domestic tours. With the ongoing local
governments projects, the projected increase in volume of tourists and visitors and with Ozamiz
Citys strategic location, the city has a great potential of having an international airport.

Thus, the researcher comes up with a study to propose an international airport for Ozamiz
City. This study aims to provide a good and capable facilities that is sensitive to the needs of its
users/clientele, and also to promote local economic progress in the city and province.

Furthermore, the researcher aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the issues of the existing Ozamiz Airport that need to be addressed or
avoided?
2. What are the international airport concepts and principles that will be applied in order
to arrive at a sound site planning and design?
 3. How should the zones and spaces be integrated into the master plan?
4. How do the structures accommodate to the needs of the inhabitants, and serve its
purpose as an air travel destination?
5. What are the environmental issues and concerns that need to be addressed?

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The principal purpose of this study is to come up with a design of an international

airport that would be able to have satisfactory and functional structures for the users/clientele.
The study shall give importance in designing the international airport that can be able to serve
and understand the impact of architecture.

Architects, practicing architects, and those in the academe has a big role in finding the
solution and expansion of certain design theories that helps in searching for better design which
responds to the needs of the users:

1.3.1 Province of Misamis Occidental

This project would be the first one in the province which would boost the provinces
pride, economy and tourism.

1.3.2 Local Government of Ozamiz

The approval of this proposal would provide additional reference for the locality. In
addition, the fulfillment of this project would surely attract more development projects in the
future consequently adding up to the citys development and economic progress.

1.3.3 Brgy. Bacolod and the Surrounding Areas

The areas of Brgy. Bacolod and their reclamation have great potential in becoming
commercial areas that attract more business investors and may add to the citys sources of
income. There will also be an increase in local employment opportunities and more jobs
available in the area.
 1.3.4 Passengers/Clientele

Realization of this project would be very helpful to tend and satisfy the needs and
wants of the passengers/clientele.

1.3.5 Architecture Students

The proposal will bring awareness to the aspirants to the architectural profession
regarding the important factors to be considered in the planning and designing of spaces.
1.3.6 Future Researchers

The encounter of this kind of planning and design will serve as their background
experience and will aid them in the future at the time they confront a similar problem.

1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The study is focused only to the Proposed International Airport for Ozamiz City, the master
plan of spaces, its components and architectural concept.

However, the researcher is limited only to design the airport terminal building, airport
access system, parking building,runway, apron, pedestrian and vehicular zones. Other ancillary
buildings/facilities will not be detailed but be included only in the site plan.

The research condition will be limited to the periphery area of Ozamiz City, particularly
Brgy. Bacolod. The researcher will limit his data gathering for first hand data through site visit,
survey, and interviews.

The researcher does not go into detailed engineering works. He will be limited only to
architectural works, structural and utility design conceptualizations.

1.5 BUILDING REQUIREMENTS*

This part of the study shows the following major facilities/zones in the Proposed
International for Ozamiz City:
 1.5.1 Parking Building
1.5.2 Airport Terminal Building
1.5.3 Airport Access System
1.5.4 Runway
1.5.5 Apron
1.5.6 Pedestrian Zones
1.5.7 Vehicular Zones
*Listing is not final. Addition or deletion may occur.

1.6 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

The project objectives of the study are to identify the key factors that influence the current
and future feasibility of the international airport and understand the impact on the community
served by the facility.

These are the following objectives that the researcher would like to achieve:

1.6.1 General Objectives

1.6.1.1 Propose an international airport in Brgy. Bacolod, Ozamiz City, Misamis
Occidental
1.6.1.2 Plan and develop the proposed international airport for Ozamiz City in a
manner consistent with the adopted goals and policies of the national code and city council.
1.6.1.3 Come up a condition were convenience, safety, environmental impacts, and
design quality will be suitable for future airport needs.

1.6.2 Specific Objectives

1.6.2.1 Provide an international airport with facilities of high quality capable of
serving the city and the neighboring areas.
1.6.2.2 Comply with international standards for operational safety and efficiency.
1.6.2.3 Preserve and enhance the citys status as a premier tourist destination.
1.7 DESIGN OBJECTIVES

These are the following design objectives the researcher would like to achieve:

1.7.1 General Objectives

1.7.1.1 Design zones and facilities that will stimulate the senses of the users.
1.7.1.2 Ensure users comfort and convenience in all plans by considering factors.
1.7.1.3 Promote ample and convenient access to the facilities.

1.7.2 Specific Objectives

1.7.2.1 Provide sufficient parking for peak levels of demand that is efficient and
user-friendly.
1.7.2.2 Create visual patterns through order and arrangement.
1.7.2.3 Protect natural systems.

1.8 HYPOTHESES/ASSUMPTIONS

The researcher believed that the international airport can truly be strategically planned
and developed and give good quality of services. The proposed international airport will
introduce systems that will serve its ultimate purpose. The researcher also assumed about
growth predictions that will go beyond for future developments.

1.9 PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS

These are the following project factors that need to be considered in planning and
designing the proposed international airport for Ozamiz City:

1.9.1 Major Considerations

1.9.1.1 Space Planning
Zones and spaces should be taken into account. Spaces should be strategically be
utilized and integrated in the plan with respect to the function, size, flow, and physical
limitations of the users.
 1.9.1.2 Flow and Circulation
Zones and spaces should be planned in a manner that the users will have ample
and convenient flow and access.
1.9.1.3 Obstruction
Physical conditions should be taken into account when planning and design
facilities.

1.9.2 Minor Considerations

1.9.2.1 Environmental Concerns
Environmental impacts should be planned with respect to existing and proposed
land use and noise on surrounding residents, wildlife, air and water quality, any historical
features or other features identified by the Department of Environmental and Natural
Resources (DENR).
1.9.2.2 Wildlife Hazards
The potential for any wildlife hazards, including the risk of bird strikes, should be
well evaluated.
1.9.2.3 Existing Facilities
Existing structures should be taken into account when planning new facilities.

1.10 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

These are the following design factors that need to be considered for the proposed
international airport for Ozamiz City:

1.10.1 Major Considerations

1.10.1.1 Safety and Security
It should be the primary consideration of the project to ensure the safety and
security of the users and of the staff and operators of the facilities.
1.10.1.2 Accessibility
Access to zones should be of critical consideration. Spaces should be regarded
whether private, semi-private or public use. Public spaces should also be accessible to the
PWDs.
1.10.1.3 Building Materials
Architectural treatments for the exteriors of terminal buildings and structures
should avoid materials and configurations which can interfere with the airports operational
activities.

1.10.2 Minor Considerations

1.10.2.1 Walking Distances

Passengers should have a direct walking travel throughout the spaces of the
terminal. Obstructions and misapplications of spaces should be avoided.
1.10.2.2 Articulation
Formation of clear and distinct features of the facilities are to be considered.
They should be clear, vibrant and expressive.
1.10.2.3 Expansion Potential
The project should be planned in its ultimate form, with reasonable allowance for future
growth and changes.
A PROPOSED INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
FOR OZAMIZ CITY

A Proposed Design

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Computer Studies, Engineering and Architecture

La Salle University, Ozamiz City

In Partial Fulfillment

of the requirements for the Degree Of

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

by

CLIFFORD JAN T. ATIG

11356836