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Introduction
1.1. Why learning fluid mechanics?
The main reasons for studying fluid mechanics are:
Curiosity: Understanding can be gained of a great range of phenomena.
Applications: Predictions and designs can be made in many areas of interest and importance
which involve fluids.
Examples:
Galaxy: sun, moon,
Astrophysics: solar wind.
Meteorology: climate prediction, weather forecasts.
Earth science: inner motion of Earths materials, oceans, lakes, rivers.
Aerodynamics: airplanes, cars, ships.
Industrial applications: Turbines, engines, combustion, air pollution, material processing.
Biomechanics: birds, fishes, snakes.
Physiology & Biotechnology: human bodies, biomedical applications.
Micromechanics: MEMs (Micro-Electro-Mechanical systems)
Nanomechanics: Ultra-thin film, biomedical technology.
2. stress tensor, ij
scalar: density ; temperature T
; force,
vector: velocity V F
tensor: stress or ij
stress tensor:
normal stress: a & b or i & j are the same.
Shear stress: a & b or i & j are different.