Senin Elion, Mathews Barbora Wola Senior Project Morayer du Eoperas Carer Boign ‘Gary Ragehia Comrie ‘Conta Imari Pt, esr Kinks Busirese Shatins ‘Tis book is preted on acide per, Copptight 2001, 1995, 1985, 1970, 1967, Ebsvisr Sticnes (USA). ‘Copyright renewed 1995 by Guorg: Auton AW rights exe. [No put of this pabicotion graye neprodued or tant in ay to by ay reams, elena o¢ macsniva,ielaing Potacepy, eoscedng, cx amy infra soray2and rttieval systera, without perme in wing Sroc tke publish RRoguants Fo passer to maks copies of ay prt the werk sled a aad Ponsa: Depurimoot Harcourt, boc, 27 Sa: Harbor Drive, Orlando, Frida 32897-6777, ‘esac Poss 2A inprntof scver Scsenee 525 B Svc. Suite (9, San Digg, CabFonm 8210}-8405, USA Inertial nicguescun Acinic Pros $s Thenhuld's Rea, Loson WCIX BIRR, UK Inplrorwracabemicpessecam Aaaaeric Press 200 Wher Road, Burlington, Massachusetts 180, USA vats denigirestockseor Internationot Standard Book Numbor- O-12-059827-2, PRINTED IN THEE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, GOO Oo 98765432 Lie 121 133 Ay = Ay = V2/2, Feom A = Bowe gel forthe canponems A) = Bi, Ad P:=(0, 1, Opto Py= Pi = (1, —1,.0)—(- 1.0, 3= 2, ~ 1, —2) usp tbe Rotation 24) (20, ote tat aon opt sides Pa— Py = (2,0, 2) = 0) m= (1.1, 2) me Po — Py are parallel, as are Pha P= 12) = Fe P= (2,0, -2) = (0, 1.0); and for Ps = Pi +1P) = Pel = 0. -2) Pe Pu = (,—2:2) — (10,2) = AL, —2, Ohm Ps — Ps P= PDA HP “The triage sites are given by ABaB-A, BC ~C-B, CA=A-C with AB + BC 4.CA = (B= A) +(C—B)4(A—C)= \ Ivy) = rithm yy = nts =n) = Aa. (a) Using Bq. (1:9) ect TAy cones Ay sin J 4 (—Ausi p+ A, cong) = Ay + AD. by ravltiplying out andlusing: cos g? 4: sing? = I. () Decomposing &! = Scag -+ fay inte eantsian components, weave Acasa! = Ay = AReonp+A-Fsing = Ay comp Aysing = A cosmeosg-+A sing sing = A ens(a—y) proving time” =e = p i From Ex, 128 wchave the caipeneay decomposition Fring. Squoringthis wepel forarhiteinyangleg 8? =H Pisin? p 4 R- Feosy sing = F4-28-Feuspsing, ie K provided @ 4 0, f2. a) ‘The surface én plane passing through the tip of m an perpen Gieular ta a. 1a pb oor? pt 0 ——Lat lag laa 1a ay lag att ate Lats Wate tat tsa 155 156 1ST ANSWERS TO BISCELLANEOUS FROBLEUS. (by The surface is a sphae havinyy das & chiwinelors GF ape = 92 —at/4 = 0, Ay Mm 36. A Bem 24 + 28h — 188, Abs AP om (fb — CP me BP 4 0? — 28C 60 Om (A+B) x (A+B) =A XBR XA, Pard Q ere antiparallel; R is perpendicular to both P and Q. Eh ROE AR TCA ls AERA — oe (hy = a? ALB) AwUx¥=3)—3, Afoornatizesd) = A/G 4-2). ‘The rides ane C — A = (5,2. 8) — 4, 2. 1.5) = (2.77. 3), Toicothe areata piven byrtheir eroce, (24,15, 19), = veya ote BO = fn 25.9°, anc CA m= m/2radians, are AB = x fradians, Crow A-B-C crOintoA wpet—A x C= A x B.orCsin f= Bsiny ct Bak 4 4H ‘Volunge = 18 eur, Wa) A-BocC= 0, A isthe planeof B end ©. The parallelpipod has ‘em bnight shave the RC pane ant benno vel. ) Ax Mx Qe 849408 ‘The BAC-CAB rue gives L = mae x (@ 2) = mbar = mre — Fw P= pwr [ro? — or. 0] follows from (A x BY? = APB? — (AB). Using mx (ba: 6) = a ch —a- be, etc. get In eb = a bel Ib ae-—D -ea] [6 ba — €- abd 0. 1st 15.02 161 16a les Wat Ws Phe tvipke sca peoivet A =IB 9 C ia the volume spanmed hy the vectors, A Bx C= 170, Ax (Bx €) me 0% — a0 450, Cx Ax By hx (Cx Ay MOR 485 +, D(H x ©) GA Ch ee, (2B) (C3 D) = H(A BD CLD [A-OB = 8 ALD = (AC) D) = A DUD-C), tay =H L4G 4 3). Ub) 3/196. fo -1ail®, 270, 37414)", UB = FQesp de. tbat) Feet) = Bort det dt) — Pte +00) + Bors 41) Fes) = (chr VOR 4 SE lt. {V (uu) = EVE Lu follows, fom ihe product ule of diferemtiation, fa) Since Vf = HEWa + 2 Ow = 0, Wie andl Fe are posal 50 Usa (ee) x (Va) O.and vice vers (b) 1F00u) x (Ye) =O, he Ewe-dimersionol volume spared by ‘Vie ani Wo, also given ty the Racin vanistes, fai sin oF 4.008 cay, We fay From ie ear? (eon? wo sin) (0) Ditfereaiating ¥ above we pa = erties wt by sincod) = "The product rule of uiffencatiaton ia esmjunesion with fa x bh) © = ©). cl, gives tach) = be (W xa) (7 2) _Lat 183 laa a7 139 18.13 rate tate 192 ANSWERS TO MISCELLANEOUS PRGELEMS Veg) 309 - arte Vr for r > 0, Since E ~ VO/rh VE ~ Pfr) = fro ()the change generates singly. “Tho cine gives gy = Bh gy he the grade tence ikea coveian! vot. WV A= than Pte VRASA(Y 1p 0-0-0, From: S209 xn =o, ox ewe pet Ws (wo x IL =—ie x V, then the determing form of the eross prodect gives 1 (03 = yg), cin emits o hi (3 — yo), Gin amits of fy. eve. Sag)L, Lalon = iejayeyhe Lym (ax by «Le. Apnly the boe-ea rule to get Ax (Vx A} = SVCAY) (AVIA, “Tis ator 1/2 ecours bocane V opal hy mone AL VO Ix C= VA x (axa h.) =r retin Foy = eB Fromithe BAC-CAB mie for 2 wiphe vector product Vie (V x Vie V(V-¥)— (8 WIV, ‘Since V acls on the yectar field Vaid a “eb = bars 6, we have 10 waite V fis, Vx tpt yy= Up x Vet ph x (We =O40=0. Using Eavncise 17.5.8 - (Wee x Wi} = (Va) -€0 x Va) — (Fa) -1¥ & Fu) = 0-0= 0, Vig a V- Vago Ohandl V2 Vie = 0 Fe Gr WS |W Te VF T= 2 dt PV ag PB, Sines Ve Vy = AX A= 0, and pss Aye = Ac ph = ACV x Ay with Vx A = BB, we have (p ~ ey x (p= eA = melp x At A x phy eA x pai x AA > phy m feBY. ex V(r Vi ay? 28 PV prea We CHAPTER 5 (2) Sk, (by ISK, Ge) 15K faye. tb) era. 1 Fora constant yector nits diversenes is coro, Using, Gis theese ake um f v-udema- Mv where fe the closed svrfgee of the arhinray, fale: = 0 follows From Yor 3 i Gas theorem we birve Verde a3 f denav f rvde. [eredens [= where ¥ iethe volume enctosed by the ebosed surface Carver the cho! san face by onal (in generat euryea adjacent ect ‘ingles §) whee citeunfetence aa formed by (our Hines Ly exch, ‘Thon Stokes! theorem gives fy(V x A) te = Sy Jy (V AD” io = Fy fy, A+ = hecause all Hine integrals cancel eae oxher, Gows' theorem gives fy, V- Wyre = fe Wye ate. ‘Apply thceonespending defimlion ofthe diverzenss loth wetor Wye jn conjunction with the mean valoe thors for the volumes ites Apply Cause theorem 10 W-(gh) = Ve -B+pV-E = -E* +69 ep. where fe... @R-alo = 0. | volume V- Anan O is {Using Gauss dhooeem weave frendr= fiteovx mer J vedbcareee foray a a es where the surface inkepral vanishes,Lao. iat Vins 128 Lizie Lia Liga 4147 1.1310 LIK ANSWERS TO MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS fora — weds = fd (nV) ~ WW - (n¥boldr = Poon = uVa) £ (Wu — uP) Vee PPR CoV = uWebdr flaVa— Wr} Virdle FV tlvWu — wens = f UV ne) eer ‘Using Stokes theurem for alonp enclosing the current, we got forxsoedam fautemt=§ ‘where the fist sufice ioral is over the area enclosed by the loop. sa the xceonal canbe Hnited wo dhe crass section ofthe wire carrying thecument, “The proof is de samme a foe Zam. “This folows from integration by parts shifing W fro wo w. "The negra ferm canes Fora closed loop. ee the jemi of Ex, 1129, be. f Vln) =A. = 0, ane apply Stokes theorem 2 feu¥y cio = fue —eVu) chen f¥ > (u¥u = vn). do = 2 f(Uu x V2) de, 11.3, exept for AV. erm hg. ase soo w= ali- iS) Osrsa, ‘The gravitational acceleration in the z-ireetioa relative to the Earth's: sauce ple ae GME 220 for O <= & , Thus. he force P= 228R. The force Fy =~ Sly ~ efit and Fy = yl ~ VPS tonerating F = VY, yletdy the potent Vm Saabs? fat yy am SE Carte a ale” peont), fies BV A $x 99 fer cowetana Inver |hwe= Fron the MaxwellFomday cq. ¥ x + 98 =0= wx (Ee a) we pet + at ‘With the result of Ex. 1.13.10 we have Bs g(B dev > B) = atVe = ee (8 AD = a Ve — He WA opis the chain rule fordft = 28 p $E 7A with vo $F sand te bac-cob rule for x (8 x A) me BEA) (6 WIA. CHartEn 1 7 Lida 152 13.6 ‘Gouxs aw ie atllt given by Eq. 1.168, i) [y¥-Ede = [E-de = 1 adr = Ofca by Css theo name tnd) Maexwre Gane” ea, ) Toke Eom E(r)® ond weiw Gast bw in radial for gitey (nm) = VR = SOO — te eS et Wtepraling E/E = —2fr yields in E = —2lnr 4 Ine, ie. ‘Variation of the constant gives 7 = 43 = yitr)/(dsrr2), o sg fttnca). 0B = pl, D = ef with aEyar = 0in XH Vx (Vx AMP SCVW Am WAN pm J, socked FFA pd follows, ‘Theme valu theorens gives finy-soy f FMA) de = Wipreo [AI $8) LN = thy coo # F(a) = J) -t dp 25.20 wr Vx FeO, re Pp hy fF 2, 0. This suggests (fut dows mot prone’ that the few fs conserve, ro) (0) Poleniial = P cos./1, dipate pencnaial, 2.5.25 (0) (9) follows becanse Vis w sur of its plane polar pat andl its ‘part, id is conan, Ch) The dose noe wow besauine sigur divuliven wf tle okie ‘unit vectors do Hot Vinist, and these crter into W7, de shown in Ex 252, LAY, = BY inne frameof neference, then define 4 coordinate trans oration fron thal tram to am arbitrary ene: x7 = xy(2, 50 that a ey go, _ Un By aah aa aap 08 A 28 282 283 sgmmemy of the ist and secand pale of indices, Fiat, = Ruin —Reinus tnees Urine phirs 06 Values ithe ix. — 36.vonponcils “They canbe thought of as 62h anatrix. Thesymenctry woderexehangs of pir indices, Kata = RiniksTedoces his males 106-7/2 = Zt esa ponents The Bisnchi identity, Riga, + Rink -+ Rints =O, roduc the inuepeaent components 1 20 because iCrepresents ene eons [Note that, upon asing the pornrutalien gyrmmetties one can aay sow tnt nl nr flan hy th xl Ena ah sal iffecont From eset other, “Zero, Each component haat least one repcated index and is therefore ‘The conuaction of two indiecs removes wo indices, while the derivative aude one, so thal (1 4} 1) = 2 =! ‘The sealer product of the fourveetors BM = (4. -¥) se = (2. ¥) isthe scalar a? = by — 92 ‘The dots suninhatin Aj A7B) is ocala, Thal Ky a8 econ tank ling fotkives: froin ths quoter thers, ‘Since KijAje = By isasccondbrank tensor Ue quetic theoren tells ‘us thal Kiy isa escrnebrank tensor, Sincethe phased = ker—ou fs aLorenty scalar andthe coordina (ct, #) Form a fou-vector, the quotient Uiconet saiym thal cfc, ) is fout-vector. Altemotively, siner 0 isa four-yecte and.e® asealan, Me %O — —1he® ipa Kour-wector, ‘The generalization of Une wrelly antisymnaciic: gye foo dace to ut dimensioes hax vy indices. Hence the generalized crows product -ey7,.AyB) iam antisymmctric tenser off rank ri = 2 yk I form 3. 46) ay = L (not surumed) Fereaeh f= 1,2,3, Wh) dyéye = 0 bosmne Ay is symmetric in é j while ei 8 aankisyrnanstic ind Je 16) Forcach ¢ in 61pyjug 10 be nonce, lass only ons vali: For and f.s0 that 7 = J. Enterchanging jp andl gives two terms, Irene the factor 2 () “There ane 6 permutations fj, A of 1,23 in enediyn = 6.4 [ARIGUFERS TO MISCELLANECUS PROBLEMS 294 Given k implies p 4 g for gpk yf 0. Por eye # 0 requnes either fm pandso J mg. ork = and then j= p. Mesos EytEpnt = Sind ip — BiB 298 Using Ex. 20. and cpg = —Ey We BSE {A x UB x by = epag hea BCA = — Cpa — SieddA pBICy = HABE, 4 A-CBy. on = (882 89) ic a rotation, then (4 a)are= (Sng Sty) eaetsin ( cong sing \f 0 1) foae eee DB 0) fing cow (41 0) GGne “eme)= (1 a 2942 WAL= Leys By wim By = —By.then Bosman =ennteiye = CrByy — dyyBy)Biy = Bun — Beas = 2B 25.00 Using Fx, 29.4 we hme UA B)-AC XD) m typtEiaty Bs Ce Dy = Baldy Say Be DA) BPG Dy = A CHD = A. DB.C. 29) en ee Pe tha ifr 0} =—sioscost Pho alr 1 woot 2.109 Lota be the proper time on a gecesi snd w!4s) the vekeity oF {all Then the seal ay ext a ait (ave Se MAN att me tel (in Vg — Py Mp) Jnvotves the eevorigait denwvative which is a fourvector hy the quotient theorem, Note thet the use of the geodesic equation for oi te? ith by “ 210M rh == AU =225 go 0.60 su S8=272 gna OS6 m= 2.10.14 From the derivation of the yendesie equation we knew that re ni Lee (yam + Posen = Anan) - cusprens 6 Dtieang 1 LH RL = ial fe 3B” (the + Meta — Be) i = FE (ep + ten — 88a) 1 5 (Patan + A — Ap) ype = they — Peay ~ Ujidtio U om they — seyon™ (repr + deps — pass) L —ytion™ Bang + they dae) Zs = ky — 5 (Bune + Aaa — 27874) (yeu + may — em) SO. Inomkrto bind xf = Oderive covarianly the identity git! = 8), “Thies 0 = sue"! + kilt! = Bins. Dining this by Manatee eeu = A ives 2f = 0, 2.10.16 We have trom the geodesic equntion ate! yee atl cand fren parallel eispacing the welecity «om ts fam — Pt a 2.00.17 The covariant derivative ol'a vector Y! Ly poral ™ gl toy the Hiking procaine gy? q ESE py me Radel? — Pfiyile PS BO pp mille — Ty tr transport is given (CHAPTER 3 BML cay <1. (hy) <1, (ey 92/2. BUL2 The determinant of the coctiicients is equal 10 2. Thensfore 1 ontsvial sohutina exioks, 3AA2 Given the pair of equations +2y