Types of Stress on Ships Marine

Engineering
November 25, 2015 10:46 am | Leave a Comment | Frozee

Stress on Ships

The modern ship is made up steel plating, section and builds up girders so connected as
to provide adequate strength in all parts to withstand the forces acting on the ship
under all condition of service.
The forces acting on a ship may be static or dynamic. The static forces are due to
the difference in the weight and buoyancy, which occur through out the ship. The
dynamic forces are cause by the motion of the ship at sea and the action of the
wind and wave.
These forces create:
1. Longitudinal stress
2. Transverse stress
3. Local stress
The greatest stress set in the ship as wholes are due to the distribution of load along
the ship, causing longitudinal bending.
Longitudinal Stress
The forces are two in number, the weight of the ship and all that it carries acting
downwards and the vertical component of the hydrostatic pressure.
Depending upon the direction in which the bending moment acts the ship will
Hog or Sag.
Hogging

If the buoyancy amidships exceed the weight due to loading or when the wave
crest is amidships, the ship will Hog, as a beam supported at mid length and loaded
at the end.

Sagging
 If the weight amidships exceed the buoyancy or when the wave trough amidships
the ship will sag, as a beam supported at a ends and loaded at mid length.

Transverse Stress

A transverse section of amidships is subjected to static pressure due to the

surrounding water as well as internal loading due to the weight of the structure,
cargo, etc.
The parts of the structure, which resist transverses, are

1. Transverse bulkhead.
2. Floor in the double bottom.
3. Bracket between deck beam and side frame, together with bracket between side
frame and tank top plating, or margin plate .
4. The pillars in hole and tween deck.
Local Stress

These are created by such item:

1. Heavy concentrated load like boiler, engine etc.
2. Dead cargo such as timber
3. Hull vibration
4. Ship resting on block on a dry dock (Static Stress)
Dynamic Forces

The dynamic effects arise from the motion of the ship itself. A ship among waves as
three linear motions.
1. Surging: The forward and aft linear motion (along x) of a ship is called surging.
2. Heaving: The vertical up and down linear motion (along y) of a ship is called
heaving.
3. Swaying: The side to side linear motion (along z) of a ship is called swaying.
4. Rolling: The rotational motion of a ship about longitudinal axis is called rolling.
5. Yawing: The rotational motion of a ship about vertical axis is called yawing.
6. Pitching: The rotational motion of a ship about transverse axis is called pitching.
When the ship motions are large particularly in pitching and heaving, considerable
dynamic forces can be created in the structure.
Panting

As wave passes along the ship they cause fluctuation in water pressure which
tends to create in and out movement of the shell plating.
This is particularly the case at the fore end.
The rules of the classification societies required extra stiffening, at the end of the
ship, in the form of beams, brackets, stringer plate, etc. in order to reduce the
possibility of damage.
This in and out movement is called panting.
Slamming or Pounding

In heavy weather when the ship is heaving and pitching, the fore end emerges
from the water and reenters with a slamming effect which is called pounding.
Extra stiffening require at the fore end to reduce the possibility of damage.

http://www.sqa.org.uk/files/hn/DF0LF34.pdf

http://marineengineeringonline.com/types-of-stress-on-ships/
https://www.slideshare.net/rishivrmn/ship-stresses

https://www.myseatime.com/blog/detail/5-loadicator-tricks-that-can-ease-your-life-during-cargo-
operation

http://www.flagadmin.com/middleware/filemanager/userfiles/LIBRARY/InternationalConventiononLoad
LinesLL1966.pdf

http://www.iacs.org.uk/document/public/Publications/Unified_requirements/PDF/UR_S_pdf158.PDF