Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By:
Name : Vio Indah Budiarti
Student ID : B1B015009
Group : VIII
Sub Group :2
Assistant : Afrizal Vikri Avani
1.1 Background
Blood is the liquid found in all living organisms (except plants) that serves
to send a high-level substances and oxygen needed by the body tissue, transporting
chemicals products of metabolism, as well as the body's defense against viruses or
bacteria. The main function of blood is to carry oxygen from the lungs or gills to
body tissues. Blood has a composition comprising about 55% of blood fluid
(plasma) and 45% of blood cells. Blood-forming element includes three kinds of
blood cells, namely red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (WBCs), and
platelets (thrombocytes). Third blood cells are classified into solid elements called
corpusculer. Blood plasma is a yellowish clear liquid that element substantially
similar to the cytoplasm. Plasma consists of 92% water and contains a complex
mixture of organic and inorganic substances (Pearce, 2002).
Blood contains hemoglobin which serves as a binder oxygen. Most
invertebrates or invertebrates are small, oxygen is directly absorbed into the blood
plasma as a carrier protein dissolved oxygen freely. Blood is red because of their red
blood cells. Consists of red blood cells, white and platelets (Pearce, 2002).
The red blood cells are round flattened second concave surface. Red blood
cells have no nucleus and contain hemoglobin. White blood cells are not actually
white, but clear. Known to distinguish white blood cells from the red blood cells
red. White blood cells are irregularly shaped or non-permanent. Unlike red blood
cells are always inside the blood vessels, white blood cells can get out of the blood
vessels. The ability to move freely is required of white blood cells in order to
perform its function to keep the body. White blood cells have a cell nucleus but
no color or no pigment. Platelet round or oval. The size of the blood platelets are
smaller than red blood cells. The main function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)
is transferring hemoglobin. Normal erythrocytes are round or slightly oval with a
diameter of 7-8 microns (normosit). Viewed from the side, looks like a disc or
erythrocyte biconcave central akromia with approximately - the diameter of
the cell (Colorful, 2009) The amount is less than 300,000 in each 1 mm3 of blood.
Platelet-lived, only 8 days. Platelet function in the blood clotting process. When
injury occurs, blood out through the wound. Platelet touched the surface of the
wound, then broke and tissue factor (Pearce, 2002).
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of the practical is to understand the response of the red blood cells
against a wide range of media that has a concentration of osmotic different, can
determine the concentration of internal red blood cells, to understand the shape and
structure of the cells, comparing the shape and structure of the blood cells of frogs and
humans, and can understand the process blood clots and determine the length of time
the blood clotting in humans.
II. MATERIAL AND METHOD
2.1 Material
The tools used in this lab is cotton, lancet, scissors, glass capillary vessels, glass
objects and glass cover, spuilt microscope, tweezers, pipette and stopwatch.
The materials used in this lab is a solution of NaCl 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.0%,
blood frog (Fejervarya cancrivora), and blood of humans (Homo sapiens), alcohol
70%, and anticoagulants: Na-citrate / EDTA
2.2. Method
Based on practical work that has been done can be concluded as follows:
1. Red blood cells in the frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) has an oval shape and has a size
greater than human erythrocytes and nuclei.
2. The concentration of blood cells on a hypertonic environment will cause Crenation
(shrinkage) in the blood cells because the water inside the cells out into the
environment. While the blood cells in a hypotonic environment caused plasmolysis
in the blood cells due to water from the environment into the blood cells.
3. The mechanism of blood clotting is as follows; Platelets broke prothrombin
thromboplastin Ca ions Thrombin - Vitamin K - Fibrinogen Fibrin.
4. Time of blood clotting is the time it takes from when the blood out to form fibrin
threads in the process of blood clotting. Frozen blood of normal time 1-3 minutes.
While the results of the observation time of frozen blood from groups 2,3,4 and 5
didapakan results of 14 minutes, 3 minutes, 9 minutes 26 seconds and 3 minutes.
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