As soon as I saw you

I knew a grand adventure

was about to happen
-A.A. Milne Winnie the Pooh
EC221 PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES PEO Criteria Indicators

PI 1: 100% of our graduates

Demonstrate high level of
PEO competency in civil and register with professional bodies
(BEM)
1 infrastructure engineering in
PI 2: At least 60% of our graduates
line with the needs of
are employed and involved in civil
industrial requirements.
engineering infrastructure practice

PI 3: At least 60% of the graduates

prepare and/or present at least one
project proposal / technical report.
Effective communication and PI 4: At least 10% of our graduates
PEO demonstrate good will have a position as a team leader
2 leadership quality in in the company or community.
globalised workplace. PI 5: At least 80% of our graduates
are able to effectively work as a team
member in the company or
community.
EC221 PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Exhibit skills in solving
PEO complex civil engineering
3 problems professionally with
ethics.
Able to demonstrate
PEO entrepreneurship skills and
4 recognise the need for
lifelong learning.
PEO Criteria Indicator
PI 6: At least 60% of the graduates are
involved with at least one completed
project where engineering issues
being solved ethically.
PI 7: At least 3% of our graduates
register their professional membership
(corporate member)
PI 8: At least 5% of our graduates will
have their own/partnership in civil
engineering company.
PI 9: At least 10% of our graduates
are pursuing higher education.
PI 10: At least 30% of our graduates
are attending short courses or
seminars for continual professional
development
CES524:
PRESTRESSED & PRECAST
CONCRETE DESIGN
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Propose the relevant principles of the
prestressed and precast concrete to suit with
their applications
2. Design the prestressed concrete element
3. Conclude the design principles of precast and
prestressed elements, joints and connections
between members, and the general practices in
precast-prestressed concrete construction
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES OF CES524
 PO2:

Ability to identify, formulate, research literature and analyse
complex civil engineering problems in reaching
substantiated conclusions using principles of mathematics,
sciences and engineering knowledge.
 PO3:

Ability to design systems, components or processes for
solving complex civil engineering problems that meet
specified needs with appropriate consideration for public
health and safety, cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
 PO7

Ability to understand and evaluate the sustainability and
impact of professional civil engineering work in the solution
of complex engineering problems in societal and
environmental contexts.
COMPULSORY TEXTBOOKS
REFERENCES

 Elliot, K.S., 2002. Precast Concrete

Structures, Butterworth-Heinemann.
 Hurst, M. K., 1998. Prestressed Concrete
Design, 2nd Edition, E & FN Spon.
 BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004, Eurocode 2
Design of Concrete Structures, British
Standards Institution.
 SELF LEARNING TIME
Face to
Week Independent Learning Total learning hour
Face
1 3 5.5 8.5
2 3 3.5 6.5
3 3 5.5 8.5
4 3 5.5 8.5
5 3 5.5 8.5
6 3 5.5 8.5
7 3 5.5 8.5
8 3 8.5 11.5
9 3 5.5 8.5
10 3 5.5 8.5
11 3 5.5 8.5
12 3 5.5 8.5
13 3 5.5 8.5
14 3 5.5 8.5
Total Learning Hour in 1 Semester 42 78 120
Required Notional Learning Hour 120
Notional Credit Hour 3
COURSE ASSESSMENTS

 ASSIGNMENT/QUIZ (10%)

REFER TO LESSON PLAN FOR DETAILS
 ONE TEST (30%)

WEEK 8
 FINAL EXAMINATION (60%)

4 QUESTIONS

3 HOURS
IMPORTANT NOTES
 Academic and administrative conduct of UiTM
are to be strictly adhere
 MC is accepted for attendance purposes only.
Absences will result in a grade of zero for quiz
and test
 Students are expected to be punctual for all
classes
 Attendance should be at least 80% to enable
students to sit for final examination!!!
 INTRODUCTION AND PRINCIPLES OF
PRESTRESSED AND PRECAST CONCRETE
STRUCTURES

TOPIC OUTCOMES:
1. Define prestressed/precast concrete

2. Provide comparison to insitu concrete

3. Explain advantages and disadvantages

WHAT IS PRESTRESSING?

The application of a force to the

structure, other than the
applied load, which assists the
performance of the structure
WHAT IS PRESTRESSED CONCRETE?

 It is simply pre-compressed concrete,

i.e.
a pre-compressive force is applied to the
concrete member before it is put into service
 The position and magnitude of this prestress
force can be chosen so as to suppress any
tensile stresses that are expected under
working load
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF PRESTRESSING

 Why do we pre-compress concrete?

We know that concrete is strong in compression but
weak in tension???

Because of this weakness in tension!

 Where do we pre-compress the concrete?

Wherever we expect tensile stresses under working
load
 How is this achieved?

Pre-tensioning & Post-tensioning
CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSED
COMPARISON BETWEEN PRESTRESSED AND CAST IN-SITU
both have
Prestressed steel bars or Reinforced Concrete
wires
solid bars or bundles of embedded solid bars with ribs, or wire
wire installed under or metal mesh as reinforcing
tension to bolster bars
the
Prestressed Uses: material's Reinforcing Uses:
beams and piers in such weakness
construction as highway - street and highway paving,
overpasses and commercial under sidewalks, foundation walls
buildings and slabs and almost any other
tension, but solid concrete form
types of - type of reinforcing will vary
Steel bars or wires are placed steel and the
in a form and stretched or uses of the
stressed with forces on each The reinforcing adds tensile
end pulling on them. When steel and
strength to allow a concrete
the tension is released, the concrete are slab, for instance, to flex
steel will try to return to its slightly without breaking apart
original form creating stress different
in concrete
COMPARISON BETWEEN PRESTRESSED AND CAST IN-SITU
WHAT IS PRECAST CONCRETE?

 Precast concrete is a construction product

produced by casting concrete in a reusable
mould or "form"
 Produced in a controlled environment, and then
transported to the construction site and lifted
into place.
CONCEPT OF PRECAST
COMPARISON BETWEEN PRECAST AND CAST IN-SITU
COMPARISON BETWEEN PRECAST AND CAST IN-SITU
REFER TO TEXT:

Subchapter 1.5.1
Differences in precast and cast-
in situ concrete structures
ADVANTAGES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

 The prestressing of concrete has several

advantages as compared to traditional
reinforced concrete without prestressing.
 A fully prestressed concrete member is usually
subjected to compression during service life.
This rectifies several deficiencies of concrete.
ADVANTAGES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

1. Section remains uncracked under service loads

 Reduction of steel corrosion

Increase in durability
 Full section is utilised

Higher moment of inertia (higher stiffness)

Less deformations (improved serviceability)
 Increase in shear capacity
 Suitable for use in pressure vessels, liquid retaining
structures
 Improved performance (resilience) under dynamic and
fatigue loading
ADVANTAGES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

2. High span-to-depth ratios

 Larger spans possible with prestressing
(bridges, buildings with large column-free
spaces)
 For the same span, less depth compared to RC
member

Reductionin self weight

More aesthetic appeal due to slender sections

More economical sections
ADVANTAGES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

3. Suitable for precast construction due to

advantages of applying precast
DISADVANTAGES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

 Prestressing needs skilled technology. Hence, it

is not as common as reinforced concrete.
 The use of high strength materials is costly.

 There is additional cost in auxiliary equipments.

 There is need for quality control and inspection

 VIDEO
By IRIS KOTO House built in 7 days
(Steps in building a house)
(8.44 minutes)

30 storey high rise building built in 15 days

(2.31 minutes)
 By IRIS KOTO House built in 7
days
(Steps in building a house)
(8.44 minutes)
30 storey high rise building built in 15 days
(2.31 minutes)
 THE ADVANTAGES OF PRECAST CONCRETE
High quality and good acceptance
High quality-controlled products due to
controlled environment in factory, better material
selection and using high mechanised technology.
Skilled workers with specific scope of works
improve efficiencies and reduce errors.
Unaffected by weather element due to
controlled environment of casting area.
The industrialised building systems can reduce
boredom and monotony by getting flexibility in
architectural design.
Cost
Reducing on-site workers significantly reducing labour
cost for contractors.
Minimising cost of transferring waste material due to
quality control and reducing waste material.
The ability to use the components' moulds repeatedly
which made of steel, aluminum, etc for different projects.
Exemption of the Construction Levy for housing
developers who utilise IBS components exceeding than
70%.
No need to do rectification works because of closely
checking and controlling in factory and this will save a lot
of money.
Time
Faster completion of projects due to advance
off-site preparations and simplified installation
process.
Manageable construction schedule by the use
of planning control, estimated lead time and
forecasted down time.
Off-site production can start while the
construction site is under earthworks. This offers
earlier occupation of building and minimises
interest payment.
Safety
Promote safe and systematic factory working
environment as minimal workers, materials and
construction waste is required on-site.
Cleaner and neater sites
Systematic components storage and timely
material delivery (Just-in-Time principles).
Reduction of construction material at site.
Reduction of waste materials at site due to
casting in factory.
Minimising the use of formworks and props at
site because of casting in factory.
DISADVANTAGES OF PRECAST CONCRETE

Less flexible in design term

Higher degree of site accuracy is required to

ensure that the precast concrete floor units can
be accommodated without any alterations or
making good
 APPROXIMATE SAVINGS OVER
CAST-IN SITE CONSTRUCTION AT
SITE:

Scaffolding material and labour to erect scaffold 80-90%

Shuttering and formwork 90-95%

Delivery and pouring wet concrete 75-95%

Delivery and fixing of loose reinforcement 90-95%

Time of construction of superstructure (above foundations) 25-50%

Total construction time 10-30%

Site labour on superstructure 75-90%

Total site labour 50-75%

VIDEO LECTURES
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9JybDuHcG4
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQrrJBYSoAA
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDMACoCtMj
Q
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zT2FO8qlTzk
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdEntzatw8s
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53qO08Qhnx
w
 And many more others.