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SECTION - A
School/Board Exam. Type Questions
Very Short Answer Type Questions:
1. What is the SI unit of volume? What is the other common unit which is not a SI unit of volume?
Sol. The SI unit of volume is m3 whereas litre (L) is the common unit which is not an SI unit.
2. What are the reference points in thermometer with celsius scale?
Sol. The thermometers with celsius scale are callibrated from 0 to 100 where there two temperatures are the
freezing and boiling of water.
3. What is the SI unit of density?
Sol. The SI unit of density is kgm3 or kg/m3.
4. What information we get from a balanced chemical equation?
Sol. A chemical equation in which the number of atoms of each element is equal on the reactant side and the
product side is called a balanced equation.
5. Define molarity of a solution. Give its SI units.
Sol. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per litre of the solution. Its SI unit is mol L1.
6. What is the effect of temperature on followings?
(a) Molarity
(b) Mole fraction
Sol. (a) Molarity decreases with increase in temperature
(b) Mole fraction : It remains unchanged with change in temperature.
7. Why is the law of Gay-Lussac not obeyed if any reactant or product is not a gas?
Sol. If any reactant or product is a liquid, the volume occupied by a liquid is extremely small and hence, the law
is not obeyed.
8. Calculate the mass of 3 g molecules of HNO3?
Sol. 1 g molecule of HNO3 = 1 + 14 + (3 16) = 63 g
3 g molecule of HNO3 = 189 g
9. How many significant figures are there in each of the following numbers?
(a) 15 (b) 1.053 (c) 0.0050
Sol. (a) Two (b) Four (c) Two
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2 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Solution of Assignment (Set-1)
10. Perform the following calculations to the proper number of significant digits
(a) (2.00 102 km) + (4.2 102 km)
(b) (1.5 101 cm) (8.0 102 cm) (0.0100 m)
Sol. (a) 6.2 102 km
(b) (1.5 101 cm) (8.0 102 cm) (1 cm) = 12 103 cm3
1.2 104 cm3
23
Percent by mass of Na 100 7.14%
322
(ii) (a) 98 g H2SO4 = 1 mol
24.5
24.5 g H2SO4 0.25 mol
98
(b) 32 g of O2 = 1 mol
1
4.00 g of O2 0.125 mol
8
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Solution of Assignment (Set-1) Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 3
14. State the rules to follow in rounding off a number.
Sol. (i) If the digit dropped is greater than 5, add 1 to the last remaining digit.
e.g., 62.138 will become 62.14
(ii) If the digit dropped is less than 5, the last remaining digit is not changed.
e.g., 28.133 will become 28.13
(iii) If the digit dropped is 5, the last remaining digit is left unchanged if it is even; 1 is added if it is odd.
e.g., 1.8245 will become 1.824
1.8235 will become 1.824
15. If the speed of Shatabdi express is 150 miles per hour, then express its speed in SI unit.
(1 mile = 1.6 km)
Sol. The SI unit for speed are ms1
As given, 1 mile = 1.6 km = 1.60 103 m
1.60 103 m
Conversion factor
1 mile
1 hour = 60 60 s = 3.6 103 s
3.6 103 s
Conversion factor
1 hour
150 miles
Now speed
hour
= 66.66 ms1
16. What is the law of constant proportions? Write with an example.
Sol. Law of constant proportions was proposed by Joseph Proust. This law states that a chemical compound always
contains same elements combined together in same proportion by mass.
For example, pure water obtained from different sources such as, river, well, spring, sea, etc., always contains
hydrogen and oxygen combined together in the ratio 1 : 8 by mass.
17. Copper and oxygen combine to form two oxides, the red cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and the black cupric oxide
(CuO). Show that these compounds follow the law of multiple proportions.
Sol. In red oxide (Cu2O) : 16 parts by mass of oxygen combine with 63.5 2 parts by mass of copper.
In black oxide (CuO) : 16 parts by mass of oxygen combine with 63.5 parts by mass of copper.
Ratio of masses of copper that combine with fixed mass of oxygen (16 parts). In these oxides is 63.5 2 : 63.5
or 2 : 1, which is a simple whole number ratio.
18. Calculate the mole fraction of ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) and water in a solution in which 46 g of ethyl alcohol
and 90 g of water have been mixed.
Sol. w C2H5OH 46 g
Meth = 46 g mol1
46
nC2H5OH 1 mol
46
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4 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Solution of Assignment (Set-1)
w H2O 90
nH2O 5 mol
MH2O 18
ntotal = 6 mol
neth 1
xC2H5OH 0.167
neth nH2O 6
5
and xH O 0.833
2
6
19. A battery acid contains 24.5% by mass of H2SO4. What is the molality of the solution?
Sol. 24.5% by mass H2SO4 means 100 g solution contain 24.5 g H2SO4
wH2SO4 24.5 g
24.5
nH2SO4 0.25 mol
98
wH2O 75.5 g
nB 0.25
Molality (m) 1000 1000
wA 75.5
m = 3.31 m kg1
20. A sample of sodium hydroxide weighing 0.48 g is dissolved in water and the solution is made to
50.0 cm3 in a volumetric flask. What is the molarity of the resulting solution?
(molar mass of NaOH = 40)
Sol. Mass in g of NaOH = 0.48 g
0.48
Number of moles of NaOH 1.2 10 2 mol
40
Volume of solution = 50 cm3 = 0.05 L
1.2 10 2 mol
Molarity 0.24 M = 0.24 mol L1
5.0 10 2 L
21. What is the molality of a 1 L solution of H2SO4 which is 46% wt/vol?
(Density of solution = 1.40 g/cm3)
Sol. 46 wt/volume solution means 100 mL solution contains 46 g H2SO4. So 1 L (1000 mL) solution contains 460 g
H2SO4.
460
Therefore, number of moles of H2SO4 4.69
98
and mass of solution = vol. density = 1400 g
Then, mass of the solvent = mass of solution mass of solute
= 1400 460 = 940 g
We know that
nsolute 4.69
Molality (m) 1000 1000
w solvent 940
= 4.98 mol kg1
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Solution of Assignment (Set-1) Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 5
22. An aqueous sugar syrup of mass 224.2 g contains 34.2 g of sugar (C12H22O11). Calculate
(i) the molality of the solution.
(ii) the mole fraction of sugar solution.
Sol. Molar mass of sugar = 342 g/mol
34.2
Moles of sugar 0.1
342
Mass of water = mass of solution mass of sugar
= 224.2 34.2 = 190 g
moles of solute
(i) Molality 1000
mass of solvent (in grams)
0.1
1000 0.52 mol kg1
190
23. Calculate the molarity of pure water if its density at room temperature is 1.0 g/cm3.
Sol. Let the volume of water be 1 L = 1000 cm3
Mass of water = volume density
= 1000 1 = 1000 g
1000
Moles of water 55.55
18
55.55
and molarity of water 55.55 mol/L
1
24. The following reaction,
2Br(aq) + Cl2(aq) 2Cl(aq) + Br2(aq)
is used for the commercial preparation of bromine from its salts. Suppose we have 50.0 mL of a 0.080 M
solution of NaBr. What volume of a 0.050 M solution of Cl2 is needed to react completely with Br?
Sol. The reaction given is
2Br(aq) + Cl2(aq) 2Cl(aq) + Br2(aq)
Number of moles of Br = Number of moles of NaBr
50.0
0.080 mol L1 L
1000
= 4.0 103
Number of moles of Cl2 required
1
= No. of moles of Br = 2 103 mol
2
The volume of aqueous Cl2 needed
Number of moles of Cl2
Molarity
2 10 3 mol
0.04 L = 40 mL
0.050 mol L1
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6 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Solution of Assignment (Set-1)
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Solution of Assignment (Set-1) Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 7
(iii) 1 m3 = 103 L, therefore 1 mL = 106 m3
Hence, 8.45 mL = 8.45 106 m3
(iv) 1 = 106 g
68 g = 68 106 g = 6.8 105 g
(v) 1 inch = 2.54 102 m
0.0826 inches = 0.0826 2.54 102 m
= 2.09 103 m
29. Zinc and hydrochloric acid react according to the reaction
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
If 0.40 mol Zn are added to hydrochloric acid containing 0.62 mol HCl, how many moles of H2 are produced?
0.40 mol Zn requires 2 0.40 = 0.80 mol HCl but only 0.62 mol of HCl are given.
Therefore, HCl is a limiting reactant.
1
Number of mole of H2 produced nHCl
2
1
0.62 0.31 mol
2
30. Calculate the molarity of solution obtained by dissolving 0.100 g of Na2CO3 in 250 cm3 of solution.
Sol. Molar mass of Na2CO3 = 106 g mol1
0.100 g
Number of moles of Na2CO3 9.4 10 4 mol
106
1
Volume of solution = 250 cm3 L
4
n 9.4 104
M 0.00376 M
v 1
L
4
Long Answer Type Questions
31. Express each of the following in SI units
(i) 83 million mile
(ii) 7 feet 2 inch
(iii) 0.64
(iv) 250 miles per hour
(v) 24 pounds per square inch
(vi) 26C
(vii) 250 pounds
Sol. (i) 1 mile = 1.6 103 m, 1 million = 106
83 million miles = 83 106 1.60 103 m
= 132.8 109 = 1.32 1011 m
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8 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Solution of Assignment (Set-1)
86
86 inch = 2.18 m
39.37
(iii) 1 = 1010 m
0.64 = 0.64 1010 m
or 6.4 1011 m
(iv) 1 mile = 1.6 103 m and 1 hour = 60 60 sec
6.055 103 kg
nsolute 0.211 mol
286 103 kg mol1
nsolute 0.211
(i) Molarity 0.211 M
v 1
Mass of 1 L solution (103 m3) = density volume
= 1077.2 kg m3 103 m3
= 1.0772 kg
Mass of solvent = (1.0772 0.06055) kg = 1.01665 kg
nsolute 0.211
(iii) x solute
nsolute nsolvent 1016.65
0.211
18
0.211
0.00372
0.211 56.48
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Solution of Assignment (Set-1) Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 9
33. Calculate the molality of solution of C2H5OH in water in which the mole fraction of C2H5OH is 0.050.
nC2H5OH
Sol. x C2H5OH 0.050
nC2H5OH nH2O
2.77
nC2H5OH 2.91 mol
0.95
Now, 1 L H2O = 1 kg H2O (At 4C)
nC2H5OH 2.91
Molality 2.91 mol kg1
w H2O (in kg) 1
34. A sample of phosphorus has 0.5 moles of P4 molecules
(i) How many P4 molecules are there?
(ii) How many P atoms are there?
(iii) How many moles of P atoms are there in the sample?
(iv) What is the mass of the sample?
Sol. (i) 1 mole of P4 contains 6.022 1023 P4 molecules
Number of P4 molecules in 0.5 mol
124 g
mass of 0.5 mol P4 molecules 0.5 mol = 62.0 g
1 mol
35. Calculate the percentage composition of zinc, phosphorus and oxygen in zinc phosphate, Zn3(PO4)2.
(Zn = 65.5, P = 31 and O = 16 u)
Sol. 1 mole of Zn3(PO4)2 contains 3 mol of zinc
2 mol of phosphorus and 8 mol of oxygen
Mass of 3 mol of Zn = 3 65.5 = 196.5 g
Mass of 2 mol of P = 2 31 = 62 g
Mass of 8 mol of O = 8 16 = 128 g
Mass of 1 mol of Zn3(PO4)2 = 196.5 + 62 + 128 = 386.5 g
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10 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Solution of Assignment (Set-1)
Mass of Zn
100
Mass of sample
196.5 g
100 50.84% Zn
386.5 g
Mass of P
100
Mass of sample
62 g
100 16.04% P
386.5 g
(c) Percentage composition of O
Mass of O
100
Mass of sample
128 g
100 33.12% O
386.5 g
36. 0.90 g of an organic compound containing only carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen on combustion gave 1.1 g CO2
and 0.3 g water. What is %C, %H and %N in the organic compound?
Sol. Mass of organic compound, w = 0.90 g
Mass of CO2, w1 = 1.1 g
Mass of water, H2O, w2 = 0.3 g
1 mol C 1 mol CO2
12 g of C = 44 g CO2
12 g Mass of CO2
(a) Percentage of carbon 100
44 g Mass of sample
12 1.1 g 1320
100 33.33% C
44 0.90 g 39.6
(b) 2 mol H = 1 mol H2O
2 g H = 18 H2O
2g Mass of H2O
Percentage of hydrogen 100
18 g Mass of sample
2 0.3 g 60
100 3.70% H
18 0.90 g 16.2
23 132 g
132 g of CO2 = 2 6.022 10
44 mol
= 36.132 1023 atoms of oxygen
Molecular mass of CO = 28 g/mol. It has 16 g O and one atom of O in one molecule of CO.
In carbon monoxide, mole of CO = mole of C atom
= mole of O atom
6.022 1023 O atoms = 1 CO = 28 g
Mass of O
Moles of O in the oxide
Atomic mass of oxygen
0.06 g
0.00375 mol
16 g/mol
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12 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Solution of Assignment (Set-1)
Co 0.002501 2
(c) Mole ratio 0.67
O 0.00375 3
(d) Since, the mole ratio of atoms in a sample of a compound is equal to the ratio of atoms in its formula,
the empirical formula of the oxide of cobalt is Co2O3.
40. The mass percent composition of a substance is 24.7% Ca, 1.24% H, 14.8% C and 59.3% O. Calculate the
molecular formula of the substance if its molecular mass is 162 u.
Sol.
Atomic Relative no. Divided by Simple
Element Percentage
mass of atoms lowest number ratio
3.21
1 g oxygen combines with = 13.4 g lead
0.24
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Solution of Assignment (Set-1) Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 13
(ii) Mass of oxide = 1.195 g
Mass of oxygen = 0.156 g
Mass of lead = 1.195 g 0.156 g = 1.039 g
0.156 g oxygen combines with 1.039 g lead
1.039
1 g oxygen combines with = 6.7 g lead
0.156
The ratio of the masses of lead that combines with a fixed mass of oxygen (1 g) is 6.7 : 13.4 or 1 : 2.
This ratio is simple and therefore illustrates the law of multiple proportions.
42. What will be the concentration of a solution which is made by mixing 25 mL of 0.2 M H2SO4, 35 mL of 0.25
M H2SO4 and 45 mL of 0.35 M H2SO4?
Sol. Moles of H2SO4 in 25 mL of 0.2 M H2SO4
= M V in litres
25
0.2 M litres = 0.005 mol
1000
Moles of H2SO4 in 35 mL of 0.25 M H2SO4
35
0.25 M litres = 0.00875 mol
1000
Moles of H2SO4 in 45 mL of 0.35 M H2SO4
45
0.35 M litres = 0.01575 mol
1000
Total moles of H2SO4 = 0.005 + 0.00875 + 0.01575 = 0.0295 mol
Total volume = 25 mL + 35 mL + 45 mL = 105 mL = 0.105 litre
0.0295 mole H2 SO 4
Final concentration = 0.2809 M H2SO4
0.105 litre of solution
43. A compound of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contains these elements in the ratio 9 : 1 : 3.5. Calculate the
empirical formula, if its molecular mass is 108, what is the molecular formula?
Sol.
Element Atomic Relative no. Simplest
Element
ratio mass of atoms ratio
Carbon 9 12 9 0.75
= 0.75 =3
12 0.25
Hydrogen 1 1 1 1
=1 =4
1 0.25
Nitrogen 3.5 14 3.5 0.25
= 0.25 =1
14 0.25
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14 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Solution of Assignment (Set-1)
44. A carbon compound containing only carbon and oxygen has an approximate molecular mass of 290. On analysis
it is found to contain 50% by mass of each element. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
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Solution of Assignment (Set-1) Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 15
SECTION - B
Model Test Paper
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
1. What is the difference between precision and accuracy?
Sol. Precision means the closeness of various measurements for the same quantity. Accuracy is the agreement
of a particular value to the true value of the result.
2. What is formula mass?
Sol. When a substance does not contain discrete molecules of their constituent units and have a three dimensional
structure, formula mass is used to calculate molecular mass which is the sum of the atomic masses of all
atoms present in the formula.
3. How many molecules present in one mole of a substance?
Sol. 1 mol = 6.022 1023 molecules
4. What is one molal solution?
Sol. One molal solution is that solution which contain 1 mole solute in 1 kg of solvent.
5. Calculate the number of molecules present in 0.5 mole of CO2?
Sol. The number of molecules present in 0.5 moles of CO2 is 6.022 1023 0.5 = 3.011 1023.
6. Write an expression for molarity and molality of a solution.
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16 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Solution of Assignment (Set-1)
1
9 g of Fe 9 = 0.16 mol
56
9 10 3
(ii) Mole of Ca = 2.25 104
40
11. Write the empirical formula of the compound having molecular formulae
(i) C6H6 (ii) C6H12
(iii) H2O2 (iv) H2O
Sol. Empirical formula is a simplest whole number ratio of atoms in the molecule, therefore the empirical formula
of given compounds are
(i) CH (ii) CH2 (iii) HO (iv) H2O
12. A solution is prepared by adding 4 g of a substance A to 18 g of water. Calculate the mass percent of the
solute.
Mass of A
Sol. Mass percent of A 100
Mass of solution
4g
= 4 g of A + 18 g of water 100
4
100 18.18%
22
13. How many significant figures should be present in the answer of the following calculations?
3.24 0.08666
(i)
5.006
3.24 0.08666
= 0.0560883
5.006
0.0561
As the least number of the significant figures is three, therefore the result is rounded off to 0.0561. The 0
is rounded off to 1 because the next digit is greater than 5.
(ii) 5 significant figures
(Answer should be given by least decimal place)
(iii) 6 significant figures
(iv) 3 significant figures
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Solution of Assignment (Set-1) Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 17
Short Answer Type Questions :
14. Three litres of water are added to 2 L of 5 molar HCl solution. What is the molarity of resulting solution?
Sol. Initial volume, V1 = 2 L
Final volume, V2 = 3 L + 2 L = 5 L
Initial molarity, M1 = 5 M
Final molarity = M2
M1V1 = M2V2
5 M 2 L = M2 5 L
5M2L
M2 2M
5L
Thus, the resulting solution is 2 M HCl
15. State law of multiple proportions with an example.
Sol. If two elements can combine to form more than one compounds, the masses of one element that combine
with a fixed mass of the other element, are in the ratio of small whole numbers.
For example, hydrogen combines with oxygen to form two compounds, namely water and hydrogen peroxide.
Here, the masses of oxygen (i.e., 16 g and 32 g) which combine with the fixed mass of hydrogen (2 g) bear
a simple ratio, i.e., 16 : 32 or 1 : 2.
16. A solution is prepared by adding 60 g CH3OH to 120 g of water. Calculate the mole fraction of CH3OH and
water.
Weight of CH3 OH 60
Sol. Number of moles of solute (CH3 OH) 1.875
(nA ) Molecular mass of CH3 OH 32
120
Number of moles of water 6.667
(nB ) 18
nA + nB = 1.875 + 6.667 = 8.542
1.875
B 0.220
8.542
A = 1 B = 0.780
17. Calculate the number of molecules of sulphur (S8) present in 32 g of solid sulphur.
Sol. Given, w = 32 gm
Atomic mass of S = 32
Molar mass of S8 = 32 8 = 256
No. of molecules N = no. of moles 6.022 1023
w 32
No. of moles 0.125
M 256
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18 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Solution of Assignment (Set-1)
6.022 1023
6.84
342
= 12.04 1021 molecules
Number of atoms of carbon in 6.84 g of sucrose
1 molecule of sucrose contains = 12 atoms of carbon
12.04 1021 molecules of sucrose contains
= 12 12.04 1021 atoms of carbon
= 144.48 1021 atoms of carbon
Number of atoms of hydrogen in 6.84 g of sucrose
1 molecule of sucrose contains = 22 atoms of hydrogen
12.04 1021 molecule of sucrose contain
= 22 12.04 1021 atoms of hydrogen
= 264.88 1021 atoms of hydrogen
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Solution of Assignment (Set-1) Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 19
Number of atoms of oxygen in 6.84 g of sucrose
1 molecule of sucrose contains = 11 atoms of oxygen
12.04 1021 molecules of sucrose contain
= 11 12.04 1021 atoms of oxygen
= 132.44 1021 atoms of oxygen
OR
Mass of carbon present in 8.45 mg of CO2
8.45 12
mg = 2.30 mg
44
2.30 100
Percentage of carbon 54.24%
4.24
Mass of hydrogen in 3.46 mg of H2O
3.46 2
mg = 0.384 mg
18
0.384 100
Percentage of hydrogen 9.05%
4.24
Percentage of oxygen = 100 54.24 9.05 = 36.71%
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20 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Solution of Assignment (Set-1)
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