Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sets
Solutions
SECTION - A
School/Board Exam. Type Questions
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
1. Write the given sets in roster form.
(i) {x : x N, 2 < x < 9}
(ii) {x : x is a letter in the word EXECUTION}
Sol. (i) {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
(ii) {E, X, C, U, T, I, O, N}
2. Write all the proper subsets of given set
A = {x : x is a letter of the word GOD}
Sol. A = {G, O, D}
Proper subsets of A are
, {G}, {O}, {D}, {G, O}, {G, D}, {O, D}
3. Write the relation of given sets.
(i) A = {1, 2} and B = {1, 2, 3}
(ii) A = {x : x is a letter of word RODE} and B = {x : x is a letter of word DOER}.
Sol. (i) A B
(ii) A = B
4. Let A = {x : 4x = 20}. Is A = 5? If not, explain.
Sol. A = {x : 4x = 20}
A = {5}
No, A 5 but rather it is a singleton set containing the element 5.
5. Which of the following set(s) is null set?
A = {x : x R, x < 5 and x = 25}
B = {x : x R, x2 < 0}
C = x : x = 2x 3, x R}
Sol. A =
B =
C = {3}
So, A and B are null set
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2 Sets (School/Board Exams.) Solutions
L.H.S. = A (B C)
= A {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
= A
R.H.S. = (A B) (A C)
= {1, 3, 5} {2, 4}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
= A = L.H.S.
Hence, verified.
U
A B
8. If n(A B) = 30, n(A) = 20, n(B) = 12, then find n(A B).
30 = 20 + 12 n(A B)
n(A B) = 32 30
n(A B) = 2
n(P(A)) = 128
2m = 128
2m = 27
m=7
(i) ( , 6)
(ii) [9, 4)
(ii) {x : x R, 9 x < 4}
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(School/Board Exams.) Solutions Sets 3
Short Answer Type Questions :
11. If n(U) = 35, n(A) = 10, n(B) = 15 and n(A B) = 15 then find n(A B).
10 = 35 n(A) 15 = 35 n(B)
n(A) = 25 n(B) = 20
n(A B) = 25 + 20 15
n(A B) = 30
12. Let A = {1, 2, {5, 6}, 7}. Which of the following statements are not true and why?
(i) {1, 2} A
(ii) {1, 2, 7} A
(iv) {}A
Sol. (i) False, 1, 2 are elements of A but set {1, 2} is not element of A, so, {1, 2}A.
13. From the given Venn diagram, determine the following sets.
U
2 3
1
A B 0
7 8
4
5 6 9
(i) A B
(ii) A B
(iii) A B
(iv) (A B)
(ii) A B = {1, 7}
(iii) A B = {2, 4}
(iv) (A B) = {2, 4, 5, 6, 3, 8, 0, 9}
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4 Sets (School/Board Exams.) Solutions
14. From the sets given below, select the equal sets
A = {1, 4, 8, 16}
C = {16, 8, 1, 4}
D = {x : x = 4n and 1 n 4, n N}
E = {0, 2}
F = {2, 0}
for all x A, x C A = C
E = {0, 2} = F = {2, 0}
0, 2 E, F
So, E = F
(i) {x : x N and (x 3) (x 4) = 0}
(ii) The given set is the set of all prime numbers and it is infinite.
(i) P Q
(ii) (P Q)
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(School/Board Exams.) Solutions Sets 5
Sol. U = {A, E, X, C, L, N, T, B, O, K}
P = {T, A, L, E, N}
Q = {B, A, N}
U
P Q
L
A
T B
N
E
X C O K
(i) P Q = {T, A, L, E, N, B}
(ii) (P Q) = {T, L, E, X, C, B, O, K}
17. If n(U) = 50, n(A) = 30, n(A B) = 15, n((A B)) = 10 then find (i) n(B), (ii) n(B A).
n((A B)) = 10
n(U) n(A B) = 10
50 n(A B) = 10
n(A B) = 40
40 = 30 + n(B) 10
n(B) = 40 20
n(B) = 20
= 20 10 = 10
18. For any set A, B, C, show the following through Venn diagram.
(i) A (B C)
Sol.
U U
A B A B
C C
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6 Sets (School/Board Exams.) Solutions
A = {x : x is a prime number}
B = {x : x is an even number}
(i) (A B) = A B
(ii) A B = B A
Sol. U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, }
B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, }
(i) L.H.S. = (A B)
= {2}
= {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,}
R.H.S. = AB
= {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, }
= L.H.S.
(ii) L.H.S. = A B
= {4, 6, 8, 10, }
R.H.S. = B A
= {4, 6, 8, 10, }
= L.H.S.
Hence verified
20. Let U = {x : x N and n 8}, A = {x : x N and 5 < x2 < 50} B = {x : x is a prime x < 8}. Draw a venn
diagram to show the relation between the given sets and list the elements of the following.
(i) A B
(ii) B
(iii) A
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(School/Board Exams.) Solutions Sets 7
Sol. U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} U A B
B = {2, 3, 5, 7}
4 3 2
(i) A B 5
6 7
= {4, 6}
(ii) B = {1, 4, 6, 8} 1 8
(iii) A = {1, 2, 8}
Sol. Let x B
x B ( B = B)
x (A A)B { = A A}
x (A B) (AB) (distributive law)
x (A B)U { A B = U given}
x (A B) { A U = A}
B = A B
A (A B)
So, A B ( A B = B)
23. There are 300 members in a club, 120 of them drink tea and 80 drink tea but not coffee. If each member drinks
at least one beverage. Find
Sol. Let C and T be the set of people drinking coffee and tea respectively.
So, n(T) = 120 ; n(C T) = 300
(i) n(T C) = 80
n(T C) n(C) = 80
300 n(C) = 80
n(C) = 300 80
n(C) = 220
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8 Sets (School/Board Exams.) Solutions
Hence the number of people drinking coffee but not tea = 180.
24. Let A = {1, 4, 3, 6} and B = {1, 8, 2, 6}, verify the formula n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) n(A B).
{A B} = {1, 4, 3, 6} {1, 8, 2, 6}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8}
n(A B) = 6
n(A B) = 2
R.H.S. = n(A) + n(B) n(A B)
=4+42
=6
= n(A B)
= L.H.S.
Hence, proved.
25. In a group of 450 people, 200 speak Hindi only and 180 speak English only. If each person speak at least
one language then,
(i) How many can speak English?
H & E be the set of all people in the group who speak Hindi and English respectively
n(U) = n(H E) = 450 (given)
28. Two finite sets have p and q elements respectively. The total number of subsets of first set is 224 more than
the total number of subsets of the second set. Find the values of p and q.
Sol. Let x A (B C)
x A (B C) ( A B = A B)
x A (B C)
x A (B C) (By de Morgans law)
x (A B) (A C) (Distributive law)
x (A B) (A C)
So, A (B C) (A B) (A C) (i)
Conversely,
Let y (A B) (A C)
y (A B) (A C) ( A B = A B)
y A (B C) (Distributive law)
y A (B C) (de Morgans law)
y A (B C)
y A (B C)
(A B) (A C) A (B C) (ii)
From (i) & (ii) we get
A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
30. A market research group conducted a survey of 3000 consumers and reported that 1860 consumers liked product
A and 1950 consumers liked product B. What is the least number of consumers that must have liked both
the products?
Sol. Let U be the set of all consumers surved.
Let A be the set of consumers who liked product A.
B be the set of consumers who liked product B.
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(School/Board Exams.) Solutions Sets 11
n(U) = 3000
n(A) = 1860
n(B) = 1950
Universal set is subset of all the sets under consideration.
A B U
n(A B) n(U)
n(A) + n(B) n(A B) n(U)
( n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) n(A B))
1860 + 1950 n(A B) 3000
n(A B) 3810 3000
n(A B)810
Hence, the least number of consumers that must have liked both the products be 810.
31. A, B, C are three sets and U is the universal set. Draw the Venn diagram to represent the following:
(i) (A B)
(ii) A (B C)
(iii) (A B)
Sol. (i) (A B)
A B
(ii) A (B C)
U
A B
(iii) (A B)
A B
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12 Sets (School/Board Exams.) Solutions
32. A town has total population 30,000 out of which 18000 read The Hindu and 11000 read TOI and 3000 read
both papers. Find the percentage of population who read neither of these papers.
4000
= 100
30000
= 13.33%
2
33. In a beauty contest, half the number of judges voted for Miss A, of them voted for Miss B, 20 voted for
3
both and 5 did not vote for either miss A or Miss B. Find how many judges were present there.
x 2
x x 20 5
2 3
x 2
x x 20 5
2 3
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(School/Board Exams.) Solutions Sets 13
7x
x 15
6
x
15
6
x = 90
Total number of judges was 90.
34. In an examination, 55% of the candidates failed in English and 48% failed in Science. If 15 percent failed in
both English and Science. Find the percentage of those who passed in both the subjects.
Sol. Let x be the total number of candidates in the exam.
Let M and S the set of candidates who passed in Mathematics and Science.
M is set of condidates who did not passed in Mathematics.
55 x
n(M ) (given)
100
55 x
n(M) = x
100
45 x
n(M )
100
48 x
=
100
52
n(S ) x
100
n(U) = n(M S)
n(M S) = n(M) + n(S) n(M S)
45 x 52 x
x n( M S )
100 100
97
n(M S) = x x
100
3
n(M S) = x
100
(M S) = 3% of total candidates
Hence, 3% of candidates passed in Maths and Science both.
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14 Sets (School/Board Exams.) Solutions
= 8x + x 4
= 9x 4
But n(A) = n(B) given
56 + 4x = 9x 4
5x = 60
x = 12
(ii) n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) n(A B)
= 56 + 4x + 9x 4 (x 4)
= 56 + 12x
= 56 + 12 12
= 56 + 144
= 200
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(School/Board Exams.) Solutions Sets 15
37. If X and Y are subsets of the universal set U, then show that
(i) Y X Y
(ii) X Y X
(iii) X Y X Y = X
Sol. (i) X Y = {x : x X or x Y}
Thus, x Y x X Y
Hence Y X Y
(ii) X Y = {x : x X and x Y}
Thus, x X Y x X
Hence, X Y X
(iii) x X Y x X
So, X Y X
X Y
x X x Y x X Y
XX Y
38. Draw the venn diagram to illustrate the following relationship among A, M, F where A is the set of students
liking apple, M is the set of students liking mango, F is the set of all the students.
(i) All the students who like mango also like apple, but some students who like apple, do not like mango.
(ii) There is no student who like both mango and apple.
(iii) Some of the students like mango but do not like apple, some like apple but do not like mango, and some
like both.
(iv) Not all students like mango but every students liking apple also likes mango.
F F
A
Sol. (i) M (ii) A M
M A F A M =
F F
(iii) A M (iv) A M
A M A M F
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16 Sets (School/Board Exams.) Solutions
SECTION - B
Model Test Paper
Very short Answer Type Questions :
1. Write the given set in roster form.
A = The set of all the letters in the word TRIGONOMETRY.
Sol. A = {T, R, I, G, O, N, M, E, Y}.
2. Write down the power set of A
A = {6, 7, 8}.
Sol. A = {6, 7, 8}
P(A) = {, {6}, {7}, {8}, {6, 7}, {7, 8}, {6, 7} {6, 7, 8}}
3. If A = {1, 2 {3, 4}, 5}, which is incorrect and why?
(i) {3, 4}A
(ii) {3, 4}A
Sol. {3, 4} A because {3, 4} A
{{3, 4}} A.
4. Are the following pair of sets equal? Give reason
A = {x : x is a letter in the word HERMIT}
B = {x : x is a letter in the word THE MERIT}
Sol. A = {H, E, R, M, I, T}
B = {T, H, E, M, R, I}
Yes A = B because for all x A, x B.
5. Draw Venn diagram for (A B).
U
Sol. A B
10. If A and B are two sets such that A B = A B. Then prove that A = B.
Sol. A B = A B (given)
Let for all x A
x A B ( A (A B))
x A B ( A B = A B)
x Aand x B
x B
Hence, A = B verified
11. For any set A, B, C; U is the universal set. Draw the Venn diagram to represent the following:
(i) (A B)C
(ii) A B C
(A B)C A BC
U U
Sol. A B A B
C C
(i) (ii)
12. If two sets A and B; U, universal set are such that n(A B) = 21, n(A B) = 9 and n(A B) = 8 find
n((A B)).
Sol. n(AB) = 9
n((A B)) = 9 (By de Morgans law)
And n(U) = n(A B) + n((A B))
= 21 + 9
= 30
Now, n((A B)) = n(U) n(A B)
= 30 8
= 22
13. If A, B and C are three sets and U is the universal set such that n(U) = 1000, n(A) = 300, n(B) = 300,
n(A B) = 200, find n(A B).
n(A B) = 400
= n(U) n(A B)
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(School/Board Exams.) Solutions Sets 19
14. A survey on some people showed that 79% of the people like apple, whereas 65% like orange. What % people
like both apples and oranges? (Assuming that each one liked at least one fruit.)
79 + 65 n(A O) = 100
n(A O) = 44
So, 44% people like both apples and oranges.
15. A market survey of 200 consumers and reported that 144 consumers liked product A and 90 consumers liked
the products B, find the least number that must haved liked both.
By Venn diagram
a b c
A B
a + b + c = 200
(a + b) + (b + c) = 144 + 90
a + b + c + b = 234
b = 234 200
b = 34
16. There are 180 students in a class, 110 had applied for JEE and 60 had applied for AIPMT and 25 had applied
for both, find the number of students applied for
Solving,
c = 35
a = 85
b = 25
a + b + c + d = 180
d = 180 145
d = 35
(i) JEE but not AIPMT = a = 85
(ii) AIPMT but not JEE = c = 35
(iii) JEE or AIPMT = a + b + c = 145
(iv) Neither JEE nor AIPMT = d = 35
17. Let A = {2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10}, B = {5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12}, C = {2, 5, 9, 11, 12, 15}, find
(i) (A B) (B C)
(ii) (A B) C
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(School/Board Exams.) Solutions Sets 21
(ii) (A B) C
(A B) C = {3, 6, 7, 8, 10}
(iii) A B = {2, 3, 8}
A B = {5, 9, 10}
Sol. f is a subset of Z Z
f = {(a + b, a b) : a, b Z}
If a=3
b = 3
(a + b) = 0 (a b) = 6 0 is mapped to 6
If a=4
b = 4
(a + b) = 0 ab=8 0 is mapped to 8
8
0
6
Not a function
19. In a school having 800 students it was found that 40% students have visited Manali, 20% visited Goa, 10%
visited Darjeeling, 5% visited both Manali and Goa, 3% visited both Goa and Darjeeling, 4% visited Darjeeling
and Manali, if 2% visited all the three, find the number of students visited none of the three.
Number of students
By Venn diagram
Manali Goa
a + e + g + d = 40% a e b
g
c + b + g + f = 20% d f
d + g + f + c = 10% h c
e + g = 5% Darjeeling
g + f = 3%
d + g = 4%
g = 2%
Solving,
g = 2%
d = 2%
f = 1%
e = 3%
c = 5%
b = 14%
a = 33%
h = 40%
40
People going none of the three places = 800 = 320
100
20. In a survey, it was found that 29 people liked product A, 24 people liked product B and 32 liked product C. If
18 people liked products A and B, 16 people liked C and A, 15 people like B and C and 10 liked all the three
products. Find how many liked the product C only and draw the Venn diagram.
Sol. Let A, B, C be the set of people who liked products A, B and C respectively
So, n(A) = 29, n(B) = 24, n(C) = 32
n(A B) = 18, n(A C) = 16, n(B C) = 15
n(A B C) = 10
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(School/Board Exams.) Solutions Sets 23
21. A college awarded 40 medals in football, 16 in basket ball and 20 in cricket. If these medals went to a total
of 64 men and only 2 men got medal in all the three sports, how many received medals in exactly two of the
three sports?
Sol. Let F, B, C be the set of people getting medals in football, basketball and cricket respectively
Let a, b, c be the number of people who got medals in exactly two game i.e., football and basketball, football
and cricket and cricket and football respectively.
64 = 40 + 16 + 20 a b c + 2
F B
a + b + c = 78 64 a 2
2
a + b + c = 14 b 2 c 2
22. Two finite sets have m and n elements. The total no. of subsets of first set is 60 more than the total number
of subsets of second set. Find the value of m and n.
n(A) = m (given)
n(B) = n
so, n(P(A)) = 2m
n(P(B)) = 2n
It is given that
n(P(A)) n(P(B)) = 60
2m 2n = 60
So, n = 2 and m n = 4
m=6
Hence, m = 4
n=2
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24 Sets (School/Board Exams.) Solutions
23. In a town of 20000 families, it was found that 40% families buy newspaper P, 25% families buy newspaper Q
and 10% buy newspaper R. 5% families buy P and Q, 3% buy Q and R, 5% buy P and R. If 1% of the families
buy all the three papers. Find the number of families which buy
(i) P only
(ii) Q only
(iii) None of P, Q, R
40
= 20000 n(C) = 10% of families
100
= 8000 = 2000
n(A B) = 5% of families
= 1000 U
A B
n(B C) = 3% of families
800
= 600 200
n(A C) = 5% of families 800 400
= 1000
C
n(A B C) = 1% of families
= 200
The given information can be represented through venn diagram
(i) The number of people buying P only
= n(A) 800 200 800
= 8000 1800
= 6200
(ii) The number of people buying Q only
= n(B) 800 200 400
= 5000 1400
= 3600
(iii) None of P, Q, R = n(A B C)
n(A B C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) n(A B) n(A C) n(B C) + n(A B C)
= 8000 + 5000 +2000 1000 1000 600 + 200
= 15200 2600
= 12600
So, n(A B C)= n(U) n(A B C) = 20000 12600 = 7400
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(School/Board Exams.) Solutions Sets 25
24. In a group of 500 students, 170 play cricket, 130 play football and 150 play hockey. 90 play cricket and
football, 40 play football and hockey, 50 play hockey and cricket. 200 play none of these three games. Find
how many play (i) all the three games (ii) exactly two of the three games.
Sol. Total number of students = 500
Number of students playing cricket = 170
Number of students playing football = 130
Number of students playing hockey = 150
Number of students playing cricket and football = 90
Number of students playing football and hockey = 40
Number of students playing hockey and cricket = 50
Number of students playing none of these = 200
Here,
a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = 500 Cricket Football
a + d + g + e = 170 a e b
e + b + f + g = 130 g
d f
d + g + f + c = 150 h c
e + g = 90
Hockey
g + f = 40
d + g = 50
h = 200
a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 300
n(A B C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) n(A B) n(B C) n(C A) + n(A B C)
300 = 170 + 130 + 150 90 40 50 + x
30 = x
g = 30 (Number of students playing all the three games)
e + d + f = 90 (Number of students playing exactly 2 of the three games)
25. There are 200 individuals with a skin disease, 120 had exposed to the chemical C1, 50 to chemical C2 and
30 to both C1 and C2. Find the number of individuals exposed to
(i) Chemical C1 but not C2
(ii) Chemical C2 but not C1
(iii) Chemical C1 or chemical C2
Sol. Total number of individual with skin disease = 200
People exposed to chemical C1 = 120 = a + c
People exposed to chemical C2 = 50 = b + c
People exposed to chemical C1 and C2 = 30 = c
c = 30
a + c = 120
a c b d
b + c = 50
Solving, Chemical Chemical
C1 C2
b = 20
a = 90
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26 Sets (School/Board Exams.) Solutions
c = 30
d + a + b + c = 200
d = 200 140
d = 60 (60 people are not exposed to any of the two chemicals)
Number of individual exposed to
(i) Chemical C1 but not C2 a = 90
(ii) Chemical C2 but not C1 b = 20
(iii) Chemical C1 or chemical C2 a + b + c = 140
26. There are 30 students in an English class and 70 students in a Mathematics class and out of which 10
students are in both the subjects.. Find the number of students who are either in English class or Mathematics
class in the following cases
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