MODULE NHN YU

Mc lc

Li ni u

Xuyn sut bi bo ny tt c cc vnh l vnh giao hon c n v v tt c module l n

nguyn (nh ngha module n nguyn). Mt module con ring N ca module M trn vnh R c gi
l nguyn t ( P-prime )

Bng k hiu

1 Mt s vn c bn

Ideal nguyn t, S l mt tp ng nhn, R-module , module con nguyn t, R-submodule, T ( M )

RP -module M P , b Nakayama

2 Module nhn yu

Chng 1
Mt s vn c bn

Chng 2
Module nhn yu
nh ngha 2.1: Mt R-module M c gi l module nhn yu nu SpecM hay mi
module con nguyn t N ca M ta c N IM vi I l ideal ca R.

Nu N l mt R-submodule ca M, th ideal r R, rM N ca R c k hiu l N :R M

Ta d dng chng minh c nu M l module nhn yu, th N ( N : M ) M vi N l module con

nguyn t ca M.

Mnh 2.2: Cho R l mt vnh v O M l mt R-module, th R l trng khi v ch khi mi

module con ring ca M l module con nguyn t ca M v T ( M ) M .
B 2.3: Cho P l mt ideal nguyn t ca R, S l mt tp ng nhn sao cho P S v M
l mt R-module. Khi s tn ti tng ng 1-1 gia module con P -prime ca M v module
con S 1 P -prime ca S 1M .

B 2.4: Mt R-module M c gi l module nhn yu khi v ch khi RP -module M P l

module nhn yu vi P l ideal nguyn t ca R.

B 2.5 Mt module hu hn sinh l module nhn khi v ch khi n l cyclic a phng.

nh l 2.6 Cho R l mt vnh a phng vi m l ideal ti i v M l mt R-module hu hn

sinh. Nu u1 , u 2 , u 3 ,..., u n l c s ca khng gian vector M
M
mM
trn trng
R
M
, th

u1, u2 , u3 ,..., un l c s ti tiu ca M.

nh l 2.7: Mi module nhn yu m hu hn sinh th n l module nhn.

Chng minh: Gi s rng M l mt R-module nhn yu hu hn sinh. Ta chng minh rng M

cyclic a phng, v theo b 2.5, M l module nhn.

nh l 2.8 Nu R l vnh, th cc iu sau tng ng

(i) dimR=0 .
(ii) Vi M l R-module nhn yu, nu T ( M ) 0 , th M l cyclic.
(iii) Vi M l R-module nhn yu, nu T ( M ) 0 , th M l module nhn.

H qu 2.9 Nu R l min nguyn, th cc iu sau l tng ng

(i) R l trng.
(ii) Mi R-module nhn yu th cyclic.
(iii) Mi R-module nhn yu l module nhn.

B 2.10 Cho R l mt vnh v M l mt R-module m linh ha t ca n c cha trong tp

cc ideal ti i m1 , m2 ,..., mn ca R. Nu M mi l Rmi -module cyclic vi 1, 2,..., n th M l R-
module cyclic.

Mnh 2.11 Mi module nhn yu trn vnh Artin th cyclic.

Mnh 2.12 Nu m l ideal ti i ca vnh R m c ideal nguyn t ti tiu v m m 2 th cc

iu sau l tng ng:

(i) m m R-module nhn yu.

(ii) Khng c ideal no nm gia m 2 v m .
(iii) SpecR m m 2 .
H qu 2.13 Nu R l vnh Artin a phng v m l ideal ti i ca R th m l cyclic nu v
m
ch nu rank R 2 1
m m

Chng minh:

Hin nhin.

m
Nu rank R 0 , th m 2 m v theo b Nakayama ta c m 2 0
m m2

m
Nu rank R 2
1 , th s khng c ideal no nm gia m 2 v m , v vy theo mnh 2.12
m m
m l R-module nhn yu, theo mnh 2.11 ta suy ra c iu phi chng minh.