Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Model for zero sequence 3) Star with neutral NOT connected to ground Open Open
A three-winding transformer has zero
sequence impedance for the primary,
secondary, and tertiary windings. With the combinations of the switches in 2A to 5A show the connection schemes.
XOP = zero sequence various open and closed states, the values Figures 2B to 5B show the zero sequence
impedance of the primary winding of XOP, XOS and XOT can be calculated impedance diagram for the connection
XOS = zero sequence from measurements of injected voltage schemes in Figures 2A to 5A.
impedance of the secondary winding and induced current at the primary, The test source can be connected either
XOT = zero sequence secondary and tertiary terminals of the at the primary or secondary windings. The
impedance of the tertiary winding transformers. test source is a single phase AC source,
and there is no need for a three phase AC
The equivalent circuit for the zero Connection scheme source for the measurement of the zero
sequence impedance is illustrated in In order to solve for the three unknowns sequence impedance. The measurement
Figure 1. It is important to recognise (XOP, XOS and XOT), at least three equations of the positive sequence impedance will
that point K in Figure 1 is a fictitious or three measurements are needed. Figures however require a three phase AC source.
point and does not represent the
neutral point of the transformer. Connection Scheme Zero Sequence Impedance
The connection of the zero sequence
impedance to the system is determined Figure 2A XOP + XOT
by imaginary switch AP, AS, AT, BP, BS,
and BT. Switch AP, AS, or AT will be
closed if the winding is star connected Figure 3A XOP +
and with the neutral connected to
ground. Switch AP, AS, or AT will be
opened if the winding is star connected Figure 4A XOS + XOT
and with the neutral not connected
to ground. Switch BP, BS, or BT will
be closed only if the winding is delta Figure 5A XOS +
connected.
Primary Secondary
Primary Secondary
3Io
3Io Io
Test
Io Source,
Test
Vo
Source,
Vo
Tetiary Tetiary
Primary Secondary
Primary Secondary
3Io
Io
Test
3Io
Source,
Io Vo
Test
Source,
Vo
Xos As Xos As
Ap Xop Ap Xop
Primary Primary XoT Tetiary
XOT AT Tetiary Test AT Test
Source, Source,
Bp Bp
BT BS Vo BT BS Vo
Figure 4B - Zero sequence impedance, Xos + XOT Figure 5B - Zero sequence impedance, Xos + XoT XOP
XoT + XOP