Storage Tank Sunum

AKARYAKIT TANKLARI ve KATI
ATIK SLOSU TASARIMI"

- ili Artma Digester Silo Projesi !
- Naphta Tank Projeleri!
n. Yk. Mh. Zihni Tekin"
TEM"
Mhendislik ve Mavirlik!
VAZYET(PLANI(
TEM
MHENDSLK MAVRLK LTD. T.
Cumhuriyet Cad. Ryam Apt. No:359/A K.1 D.2 Harbiye-STANBUL
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1. RAPOR ZET
Bu rapor; ZSU ya ait ili Atksu Artma Tesisine ait (46) Digester Silo nitesine ait
betonarme tayc sistem hesaplarn iermektedir. Rapor; yapda kullanlan malzemeleri,
yapya etkiyen ykleri, yap elemanlarnn i kuvvetlerini, yapnn dey ve yatay
deplasmanlarn, betonarme elemanlarn donat hesaplarn iermektedir.
Digester Silo yapsna ait at deme st kotu +21.70m ve temel taban st kotun da -6.60m
dir. Digester Silo yaps dairesel silo olup i ap 29.6m, at demesi 30cm, perde cidar
kalnl 45cm -75cm, perde cidar ykseklii 19.80m, temel kalnl ise 75cm 95cm ve
120cm den oluan bir nitedir. Silonun toplam stok kapasitesi 15772.8t dur.
Silo iinde depolanan malzemenin silo cidarnda oluturduu yk deerleri mevcut yerel
artnamelerle hesaplanamadndan tasarm ykleri bu konuda uluslararas bir ynetmelik
olan ACI 350.3-01 Seismic Design of Liquid - Containing Concrete Structures and
Commentary (350.3R-01) ynetmeliine gre hesaplanmtr.
Deprem annda yapnn oturduu zeminde (0.0m)-(-15.80m) kotlar arasnda svlama

ihtimali vardr. Bu nedenle deprem annda svlama blgesinde bir tama gc kayb
meydana gelecektir. Hesaplara bunu yanstmak iin, kazk dispozisyon plannda birinci d
eperde yer alan kazklarn yatay yay katsaylar sfr alnm, dier tm kazklarn yatay yay
katsaylar %25 azaltlmtr. Bylece svlama annda zeminde olumas beklenen tama
gc kayb hesap modeline yanstlmtr.
Yapnn temel tipi kazkl temel olarak seilmi olup, tasarmda kullanlan D80 ve D100 apl
bu kazklar 75cm - 95cm - 120cm kalnlnda olan deiken kesitli silo tabanna rijit olarak
mesnetlenmitir. Yapnn yatay ve dey kuvvetleri bu kazklar yardm ile zemine
aktarlmaktadr. Silo taban kalnl da kazk-taban birleimi ve silo cidar-taban birleimi
blgesinde oluan zmbalama kesit tesirleri dikkate alnarak belirlenmitir.
Yapnn dizayn iin SAP2000 Nonlinear V14.1.0 program kullanlmtr.
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2. GRSELLER
2.1 Yap Grn ve Kesitleri
Yap 3D Grnm
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3. TEMEL KABULLER
3.1 Birimler
Gerek tasarmda gerekse hesaplarda SI uluslararas l birim sistemi kullanlmtr.
Uzunluk ( m )
Ykler ( ton )
Arlk ( ton )
Ktle ( ton.sn2/m )
Moment ( ton.m )
Gerilme ( ton/m2 )
3.2 Paspaylar
Fore Kazk : 75mm
Temel: 50mm
Zemin alt yaplar: 50mm
Su tutucu yaplar : 50mm
Kiri ve kolonlar : 40mm
Plak demeler: 25mm veya en byk demir ap kadar (hangisi bykse)
Perdeler: 50mm
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3.3 Malzeme
3.3.1 Betonarme Donat elii

Yap betonarmesinde S420a elii kullanlmtr.
3.3.2 Betonarme Betonu

Yap betonarmesinde temel kmnda C30, cidardeme ksmnda C35 betonu kullanlmtr.
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4. YK ANALZ
Analiz programnda tanmlanan ykler aadaki tabloda verilmitir.
TABLE: Load Pattern Definitions

LoadPat DesignType SelfWtMult AutoLoad
Text Text Unitless Text
DEAD DEAD 1
SLUDGE LIVE 0
DROOF DEAD 0
LROOF LIVE 0
MIXER DEAD 0
DBRIGDE DEAD 0
EQPMNT DEAD 0
LBRIGDE LIVE 0
LIVE LIVE 0
PSS OTHER 0
PWS OTHER 0
PQS OTHER 0
PSD OTHER 0
PWD OTHER 0
PQD OTHER 0
SNOW LIVE 0
TEMP OTHER 0
piyxp QUAKE 0 None
pcyxp QUAKE 0 None
pwxp QUAKE 0 None
piyyp QUAKE 0 None
pcyyp QUAKE 0 None
pwyp QUAKE 0 None
TNDN LIVE 0
prxp QUAKE 0 None
pryp QUAKE 0 None

Bu ykler mevcut artnamelerde belirtilen kombinasyonlarda kullanlp yapya etkitilmitir.
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4.1 Tasarm Ykleri
DEAD = Tayc sistem zati arlklar (program tarafndan hesaplanyor)
SLUDGE = Stok malzemesi arl (1.06 t/m3)
DROOF= at st zati yk (0.15 t/m2)
LROOF= at st hareketli yk (0.1 t/m2)
MIXER= Mikser arl (5.1t)
DBRIDGE= Kpr zati yk (5.4t)
LBRIDGE= Kpr hareketli yk(0.1 t/m2)
EQPMNT= Ekipman yk
SNOW= Kar yk (0.075 t/m2)
TEMP= Scaklk etkisi (25Co)
TNDN= Posttension etkisi
LIVE= Hareketli yk (0.1 t/m2)
PSS=Statik durum toprak yatay itkisi
PWS=Statik durum su yatay itkisi
PQS=Statik durum srsaj yatay itkisi
PSD=Dinamik durum toprak yatay itkisi
PWD=Dinamik durum su yatay itkisi
PQD=Dinamik durum srsaj yatay itkisi
Piy(x-y)(P-N)= Stok malzemesi impulsive itkisi
Pcy(x-y)(P-N)= Stok malzemesi convective itkisi
Pw(x-y)(P-N)= Silo cidar ktlesi dinamik itkisi
Pr(x-y)(P-N)= Silo at ktlesi dinamik itkisi
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4.2 Statik Durum Yatay Ykleri:
w=1.0 t/m 3 (suyun birim hacim arl)
=1.8 t/m 3 (zemin kuru birim hacim arl)
s=2.2 t/m 3 (zemin suya doygun birim hacim arl)
b=2.0 t/m 3 (zemin su altndaki birim hacim arl)
=20o (Kayma direnci as)
Ko=0.5 (Skunetteki itki katsays)
Yer alt suyu, sraj ve zemin etkisinden dolay statik durumda siloya etkiyen ykler
aada gsterilmitir.

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4.3 Dinamik Durum Yatay Ykleri:
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Silo cidarna etkiyen dey basnlarn hesaplanmas:
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5. BETONARME SLO TASARIMI
5.1 Silo Cidar Betonarme Tasarm
Yap iine stoklanan malzeme nedeniyle silo cidarnda oluan elverisiz kesit tesirleri aada
gsterilmitir. Aada gsterilen tm diyagramlarda tm kombinasyonlar altnda silo
cidarnda meydana gelen kesit tesirlerinden en olumsuzlar gz nne alnmtr.
Silo cidarnda meydana gelen max-min gerilmeler:
F11 Enve Max (t/m):

Asmin=0.002510040=10.0cm2 (212/200 5.65 cm 2) (i-d 212/200 11.3 cm 2)
Not= Silo eperinde meydana gelen max ekme kuvvetleri 9C15 ardgerme halatlar ile
karlandndan burada min donat kullanlacaktr. Ardgerme tasarm sayfa 43-48 de
gsterilmitir.
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5.2 Silo Cidar Is Etkisi
Silo iinde depolanan malzemenin s deiimi etkisi nedeniyle silo cdarnda oluan ek
eilme momenti hesab ve donats aada gsterilmitir.
Is fark deiimi: T = Ti Te = 30C
Silo cidar kalnl: t = 45cm = 0.45 m
Genleme katsays: = 10-5
Ti
ti
te
Te

t = [t / (0.35 + t)]T = 16.9C
Eilme momenti:
Mt = (.t.Ec.I) / t
Ec = 3200000t/m2
I = Ic / 2 = 3.810-3 m4/m (atlam kesit atalet momenti)
Mt = 4.57tm/m
Ast=3.2cm 2/m
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Ardgerme Elemanlar Hesap Noktalar
Tasarmda ardgerme demeti uzama kontrol 13 noktada yaplacaktr. Testler ve deney imler
ve formlasyonda kullanlarak bir noktadaki P x tendon kuvvetinin:
Px = Po*e-(+kx) ile hesaplanabildiini gstermitir.
9-Strand ve 0.6-inch (1.524cm tel ap) (9C15)

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Demet Hesap Parametreleri:
Malzeme: ASTM A 416-Grade 270 (1860/1670)
Akma Dayanm: fy (fpk) = 1670MPa = 167000t/m 2
Kopma Dayanm: fu (fp0.1k) = 186000t/m 2
Elastisite Modl: E = 19500000 t/m 2
Gvenlik Katsays: s = 1.15
Toplam Tahmini Kayp = 0.17 (%17) (creep, shrinkage and relaxation)
Srtnme Katsays: = 0.15 (Polietilen boru)
( k) = 0.002rad/m (Dalgalanma as - Tendon wobble)
Her Blmde Oluan Uzama ve Tendon Yk Hesab: 9s0.6in
fpk fp0.1k E
Code s
(t/cm2) (t/cm2) (t/cm2)
Material of Tendon 1860/1670 18,6 16,7 1950 1,15
Aqssumed Loss of
Creep, Shrinkage, 0,17

Relaxation
Strand diameter, d= 1,524 cm

Strand Area, Api = 1,400 cm2

Number of Strand, n = 9

Total Area of Strand, Ap = 12,6 cm2

Pjack = 182,97 t

Friction Coefficient, = 0,15

Wobble, k = 0,002

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Tendon Yk A dan B ye:

Ptmax = 162.0t (9C15 iin)
Ptmin = 142.0t (9C15 iin)
2*34 adet 9C15 - Tendon Dizilimi
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5.4 Silo Demesi Tasarm
Silo Demesi Plan
Silo Demesi Kesiti

Minimum donat alan ve donat aral:
50

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Deme kalnl d=30cm d=5cm Malzeme: C30/BIII- S420
Asmin=0.0015Ac =0.001510025=3.75cm2/m (her bir dorultu iin min. donat alan)
10/200 3.93 cm 2/m > Asmin=3.75cm 2/m veya 12/250 4.52 cm 2/m > Asmin=3.75cm 2/m
Asmin=0.0035Ac=0.003510025=8.75cm 2/m (iki dorultunun toplam min. donat alan)
Dairesel donat 12/200 5.65cm 2/m + Insal donat 12/250 4.52 cm 2/m
5.65+4.52 =10.17 cm 2/m > Asmin=8.75cm 2/m
Silo demesinde meydana gelen max-min gerilmeler:
F11 Enve Max (t/m):

(0.00-100cm) F11 max: 70.0t As=19.20cm 2 (25/200 24.5 cm2)
(100-275cm) F11 max: 8.0t As=2.20cm 2 (12/200 5.65 cm 2)
F11 Enve Min (t/m):

Nmax=-45.0t/m
Malzeme:
C35/BIII
Nd0.85fcdAc=0.85*2300*0.3*1.0=586t/m > 45t/m (TS 500)
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M22 Envelope Max (t-m):
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Asmin=0.0015Ac =0.001510025=3.75cm 2/m (her bir dorultu iin min. donat alan)
Min mesnet momenti: M22min=-9.0tm/m gereken As=10.6 cm2/m > Asmin
Seilen donat: 12/250 st donats + 14/250 st ek donats
4.52 cm 2/m + 6.16 cm 2/m =10.68 cm 2/m
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Deme Donat Pozlamas Donat Yerleimi Donat Alan Gsterim emas

6 nolu mesnet noktas iin st donat metraj:
Merkezden gelen 4 pozu 9412 + 2 nolu noktada eklenen 4 pozu 94 12 + 3 nolu noktada
eklenen 6 pozu 18812+ 5 nolu noktada eklenen 7 pozu 37614 =37612 + 37614
evre=3.14*29.6=92.95m ise donat aral=9295cm/2*376=12.35cm olur.
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20/250 12.56 cm2/m > Asmin=10.5cm2/m
Dairesel donat 25/200 24.55cm2/m + Insal donat 25/200 24.55 cm2/m (iki yn toplam)
24.55+24.55=49.1 cm2/m > Asmin=24.5cm 2/m
Silo tabannda meydana gelen max-min gerilmeler:
F11 Enve Max (t/m):

2
D=75cm F11 max: 90.0t/m As=24.65cm (her bir alt-st dairsel donat)
D=120cm F22 max: 220.0t/m As=60.3cm2 (1625 78.56 cm 2 dairesel donat)

F11 Enve Min (t/m):

Malzeme: C30/BIII
Nmax=-250.0t/m D=75cm iin Nd0.85fcdAc=0.85*2000*0.75*1.0=1275/m> 250t/m (TS 500)
Nmax=-700.0t/m D=130cm iin N d0.85fcdAc=0.85*2000*1.3*1.0=2210t/m> 700t/m (TS 500)
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M11 Envelope Min (t-m):
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Kazk Kenar Mmax=-75tm/m D=125cm iin As=17.15 cm2/m
Kazk Kenar Mmax=-70tm/m iin As=27.4 cm2/m
Akl momenti Mmax=-55tm/m D=75cm As=21.5 cm2/m
Silo Cidar Yzeyi Mmax=20tm/m D=120cm As=4.85 cm2/m
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Temel Donat Pozlamas Donat Yerleimi Donat Alan Gsterim emas
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Donat Pozlamas Donat Yerleimi Donat Alan Gsterim emas

1 ve 2 poz numaral donatlar dairesel geometri nedeni ile deiken boylu olup 25/200 24.55
cm2/m alan tm tabanda salayacak ekilde zgara donat eklinde denecektir.
5.6 atlak Tahkikleri
5.7 Yap Yzme Tahkiki
Yapy yzdrmeye alan kaldrma kuvveti:

Fu=2600ton (su basnc yap temeli altnda deiken olduundan yaklak deerdir)
Yzmeye kar koyan kuvvetler: en olumsuz durum temel imalatnn yaplm fakat st
yapnn imalatnn yaplmad durumdur.
Bu durumda yap zati arl=6020ton (temel ve kazk elemanlarn zati arl)
Gvenlik katsays kontrol =6020/2600=2.3 > 1.1
Not: 66 adet D80 ve 51 adet D100 kazklarnn da yapnn yzmesine kar koyacak ekme
dayanmlar vardr. Fakat yap zati arl yzme tahkiki iin yeterli olduundan kazk ekme
dayanmlar hesaplara dahil edilmemitir.
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6. TEMEL TASARIMI
6.1 Temel Betonarme Tasarm
Yapnn temel tipi kazkl radye temel olarak seilmitir. Temel kalnl i ksmlarda sabit
75cm olup, silo cidar alt blgesinde kalnlk 120cm olmaktadr. Temelde kullanlan beton ve
yap elii malzemeleri C30 ve BIII (S420a) tr.
Temel Hesap Modeli

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6.2 Kazk Betonarme Hesab
Kazk tasarmnda kullanlan yatay ve dey yay katsaylarn hesaplanmas:

Kazk u dey yatak katsays = 44400 t/m 3
D80 A = 0,5024 m2 22306,56
D100 A = 0,785 m2 34854

Kazk yatay yatak katsays = 134 t/m 3 (0-8m aras)
%25 azaltlm yay sabitleri
D80 D100
kh = 80,4 100,5

Kazk yatay yatak katsays = n hZ/D t/m3 (8-34m aras) nh=1100 t/m3
%25 azaltlm yay sabitleri
kh D80 kh D100 z kh D80 kh D100
8800 8800 8 6600 6600
9900 9900 9 7425 7425
11000 11000 10 8250 8250
12100 12100 11 9075 9075
13200 13200 12 9900 9900
14300 14300 13 10725 10725
15400 15400 14 11550 11550
16500 16500 15 12375 12375
17600 17600 16 13200 13200
18700 18700 17 14025 14025
19800 19800 18 14850 14850
20900 20900 19 15675 15675
22000 22000 20 16500 16500
23100 23100 21 17325 17325
24200 24200 22 18150 18150
25300 25300 23 18975 18975
26400 26400 24 19800 19800
27500 27500 25 20625 20625
28600 28600 26 21450 21450
29700 29700 27 22275 22275
30800 30800 28 23100 23100
31900 31900 29 23925 23925
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KAZIK%YERLEM%PLANI%VE%KEST%
TEMEL%DONATI%DETAYLARI%
CDAR&DONATI&DETAYLARI&
DGESTER(SLO(CEPHE(GRNTS(
CEPHE%KUAK%DETAYLARI%
POST%TENSION)DEMET)YERLEM)DZEN)
TEM"
TEM"
INTRODUCTION
Structural System Definition

This report has been prepared for structural design of NAPHTHA TANK FOUNDATIONS
which will be thought to be constructed in ALIAGA/IZMIR. Subject site is located at zmir
City, Aliaa District and it is in between Aliaa Bay and Nemrut Bay. In this report, loads
which affect the structural system and design of concrete members have been given.
Foundations are located on elevation +13.75m. Side walls on the foundation rises up
to 15.75m. Thickness of foundation and walls are 60cm. Foundation width is 2.5m.
According to the soil report, soil does not have enough bearing capacity for the requested
displacement limitations and piles are needed. Thus reinforced concrete piles which have
80cm diameter and 16.00m length under the foundations are used. According to Zemin
Etd ve Tasarm A.., each pile has 140t axial compression capacity in static conditions.
Foundations are in a ring form and their diameters from mid points are 60m.
Tanks sit on ring foundations on edges and to improved soil on center. Soil
improvement is achieved by unreinforced piles. Those piles have also 80cm diameters and
16m lengths.
Quality of concrete and structural steel used in reinforced concrete is C25 and S420.
C16 concrete is used in unreinforced piles. Foundation thickness was determined
according to column axial forces (for foundation, this force turns into shear force) by
examining the punching calculations and moment capacity of foundation.
Loads are taken from mechanical calculations. Moment is carried by ring

foundations which are at the edges of tanks, vertical loads and shear are carried by soil
and ring foundations which are at the edges and center of the tanks.
Some basic calculations are made by hand inside the report. Ring foundation and
piles beneath required the use of a computer program. Sap 2000 Structural Analysis
Program which utilizes finite element method is used for verification of handmade
calculations and other calculations.
General Layout of Structure
3 naphta tanks will be located in the specified area as shown below.
Structural Model Views
3D View
Plan View
Grids are at 5.625 degrees. Piles are located every other grids and staggered.
BASIC CALCULATIONS
Dnom 60035 mm Tank diameter

hT 22750 mm Height of the tank
WRoof 540.0 kN Weight of the roof
WT-emp 7,453.3 kN Empty tank weight without roof acting to ringwall top
Hydrotest weight of the tank without roof acting to ringwall
WT-op 603,942.0 kN top
Mwind 110,584.9 kNm Moment induced by wind under tank
Twind 1,502.6 kN Shear induced by wind under tank
Meq 932,029.4 kNm Moment induced by earthquake under tank
Teq 111,748.5 kN Shear induced by earthquake under tank
hL 21480 mm Height of the stored liquid
3
P 9.81 kN/m Unit weight of the stored liquid
Ring Foundation Data
Douter 64000 mm Outer diameter of ring foundation
Dinner 59000 mm Inner diameter of ring foundation
3
conc 25 kN/m Unit weight of the concrete
2
Aring 483.0 m Area of ring foundation base
Anchorage Bolt Data
No anchorages are used below the tank.
Soil and Reinforced Piles Data
3
s 19 kN/m Unit weight of the soil

36 Shear friction angle of soil
# of piles 64 Number of reinforced concrete piles under ring foundation
Dpile 80 cm Diameter of reinforced concrete piles under ring foundation
2
Apile 0.503 m Area of one reinforced concrete pile
Ncap 140 t Compression capacity of reinforced concrete piles in static situation
2
Aeff 7.55 m Effective area per pile
2
all 182.0 kN/m Allowable soil stress in static situation under foundation
Settlement of reinforced concrete piles under compression capacity
pile 2.52 cm (140t)
Ring Foundation Geometry
L1 0.2 m h2 0.65 m
tR 0.6 m hc 0.6 m
L2 1.7 m L 0.2825 m
h1 1.4 m
Ws1 = s.L1.h1 =19x0.2x1.4= 5.32 kN/m
Ws2 = s.L2.h2 =19x1.7x0.65= 21.00 kN/m
Wc1 = conc.L1.hc =25x0.2x0.6= 3.00 kN/m
Wc2 = conc.tR.(h1+hc) =25x0.6x(1.4+0.6)= 30.00 kN/m
Wc3 = conc.L2.hc =25x1.7x0.6= 25.50 kN/m
Ww = WT-emp = 7,453.3 = 39.52 kN/m
Dnom 3.14x60.035
WRoof = WRoof = 540.0 = 2.86 kN/m
Dnom 3.14x60.035
WP1 = L.P.hL =0.2825x9.81x21.48= 59.53 kN/m
WP2 = L1.P.hL =0.2x9.81x21.48= 42.14 kN/m
Soil bearing pressure under ring foundation,

Ww = Ww..Dnom =39.52x3.14x60.035= 7,453.3 kN
Wroof = Wroof..Dnom =2.86x3.14x60.035= 540.0 kN
WP2 = Wp2.2..(Dinner/2+L1/2) =42.14x2x3.14x(59/2+0.2/2)= 7,838.0 kN
WP1 = Wp1.2..(Dinner/2+L1+L/2) =59.53x2x3.14x(59/2+0.2+0.2825/2)= 11,161.4 kN
WS1 = Ws1.2..(Dinner/2+L1/2) =5.32x2x3.14x(59/2+0.2/2)= 989.4 kN
WS2 = Ws2.2..(Douter/2-L2/2) =21x2x3.14x(64/2-1.7/2)= 4,109.2 kN
Wc1 = Wc1.2..(Dinner/2+L1/2) =3x2x3.14x(59/2+0.2/2)= 557.9 kN
Wc2 = Wc2.2..(Dinner/2+L1+tR/2) =30x2x3.14x(59/2+0.2+0.6/2)= 5,654.9 kN
Wc3 = Wc3.2..(Douter/2-L2/2) =25.5x2x3.14x(64/2-1.7/2)= 4,990.9 kN
Sum = 43,295.0 kN
2
Po = Ww+Wroof+Wp+Ws+Wc =43295 / 483= 89.6 kN/m
Aring
2
89.6 < 182.0 kN/m
It is smaller than allowable soil stress in static situation under foundation.

Check of pile capacity,
Po = Ww+Wroof+Wp+Ws+Wc =43295 / (64x 9.81 ) = 69.0 t

# of piles
69.0 < 140.0 t
Compression capacity of piles is not exceeded.
Under tank, soil improvement is applied and allowable soil stress in static situation is
2
all 288.4 kN/m
Soil bearing pressure under tank,

2
Po = P.hL + s. (h1+hc) =9.81x21.48+19x (1.4+0.6) = 248.7 kN/m
2
248.7 < 288.4 kN/m
It is smaller than allowable soil stress in static situation.
impsoil 7.0 cm Settlement of improved soil under 250kPa, in Tank A.
In order to prevent differential settlement problem, settlements under the ring
foundation and improved soil should be close. As it is given in detail in Appendix 2, in
Tank A differential settlement is 4.5cm.
Distortion is suggested to be lower than 1/300 for storage tanks (centre to edge) by
Bowles. Therefore, differential settlement problem is not expected.
Ring Foundation Horizontal Reinforcement Calculation

K0 = 1-sin = 0.41 In static situation soil pressure cofficient
Loads are shown below. Passive earth pressure is neglected.
K0s = 0.41
qs = 211.60 kN/m Surcharge load
Statik surcharge
2
q0s = K0s.qs =0.41x211.6= 87.22 kN/m pressure
2
p0s = K0s.s.(hc+h1) =0.41x19x(0.6+1.4) = 15.66 kN/m Static active pressure
Q0s = q0s.(hc+h1) = 174.45 kN/m Statik surcharge pressure
P0s = p0s.(hc+h1) /2 = 15.66 kN/m Static active pressure
Resultant force is calculated as shown below and all tension force is carried by horizontal
reinforcements.
For 1m,
Fp = 174.45 kN/m
Fs = 15.66 kN/m
F = Fp+Fs = 190.11 kN/m
Radial force, F, will produce circular tension force as calculated below,
T = F Dnom = 0.5 x 190.11 x 60.035 = 5706.7 kN
Tu = 1.6 T = = 1.6 x 5706.7 = 9130.8 kN
2
As = Tu = 9130768 = 24155.5 mm
d' 0.1
d 1.3
L 0.2825 m
Mu 33,731 kgm
Rn 36,962 kg/m2
0.363 Mpa
req 0.0009
min 0.00298 0.00333 0.00333
max 0.0012
0.0012
Astwist bd 9.06 cm2
Chosen rebars: 2 32
As,used = 16 cm2 ok
Used formulas,
Total horizontal reinforcement is 3432.
Result foundation drawing is shown below,

Foundation Sizing Check
According to PIP Ste03020, section 5.6.2, following formulation is used for different
combinations.
Test Weight
PT 4,269 kg/m
2
Wp 21,567 kg/m
L 0.4825 m
2
qa 18,552.5 kg/m
h 2 m
e 0.75 m
3
s 1,937 kg/m
3
c 2,500 kg/m
b 0.92 m
Operating Weight + Live

PT 4,269 kg/m
2
Wp 14,378 kg/m 2/3h = operating weight
L 0.4825 m
2
qa 18,552 kg/m
h 2.0 m
e 0.75 m
3
s 1,937 kg/m
3
c 2,500 kg/m
PLr 1,530 kg/m
b 0.80 m
Operating Weight + Seismic

Av 0.2625
1+0.4Av 1.105
PT 4,717 kg/m
2
Wp 15,888 kg/m 2/3h = operating weight
L 0.4825 m
2
qa 18,552.5 kg/m
1.33qa 24675
h 2.0 m
e 0.75 m
3
s 1,937 kg/m
3
c 2,500 kg/m
PE' 19,778 kN refer to conversion of moment to joint loads
0.7 PE' 13,845 kN acc. to ASD
PE 14,965 kg/m
b 1.27 m
As seen above most unfavorable case occurs at earthquake case. Since our foundation
width is 2.5m, it proves the required width.
Check of Wall
According to API 650
Pf 377 kN/m
From ACI 318-08, axial strength of the wall
0.65
f c' 25 Mpa b h
2
Ag 600000 mm 1000 600 mm
k 2
lc 1700 mm
h 600
Pn 5,194.3 kN/m > 377 kN/m
Check of Piles
c 15.88 MPa from mech calc.

ts 35 mm
Pf 556 kN/m
Pf = c * 1000ts
From ACI 318-08, design axial strength limit of compression members,
2
Ag 502655 mm
2
Ast 5027 mm
fy 420 Mpa
Ag : Area of pile
Ast : Minimum reinforcement (1% of gross area of pile)
fy : Yield stres of reinforcement
Pn 7,008.9 kN
It is bigger than 556kN/m.
STRUCTURAL MODEL
Load Definitions
Load patterns definitions used at model are listed below;

TABLE: Load Pattern Definitions
LoadPat DesignType SelfWtMult
Text Text Unitless
self DEAD 1
LiquidV DEAD 0
Soil DEAD 0
Dead DEAD 0
RLive LIVE 0
Snow LIVE 0
P0s PATTERN LIVE 0
Q0s PATTERN LIVE 0
Pas PATTERN LIVE 0
Qas PATTERN LIVE 0
Pad PATTERN LIVE 0
Qad PATTERN LIVE 0
Pps PATTERN LIVE 0
Ppdp PATTERN LIVE 0
WindX WIND 0
WindXV WIND 0
EqX QUAKE 0
EqXV QUAKE 0
Self : Self weight of reinforced concrete foundation and piles

LiquidV : Vertical load of liquid
Soil : Vertical load of soil
Dead : Self weight of steel shell and bottom plate of the tank taken from
mechanical calculations.
RLive : Roof live load (1kN/m2, roofs with access for maintenance only),
refer to STGPS-R4
Snow : Roof snow load (0.75kN/m2), refer to STGPS-R4
P0s : Static active pressure in static situation
Q0s : Statik surcharge pressure in static situation
Pas : Static active pressure
Qas : Statik surcharge pressure
Pad : Dynamic active pressure
Qad : Dynamic surcharge pressure
Pps : Static passive pressure
Ppdp : Dynamic passive pressure
Following loads are taken from mechanical calculations;
WindX : Moment of wind load
WindXV : Shear of wind load acting to ring foundation.
EqX : Moment of earthquake load
EqXV : Shear of earthquake load
Loads are calculated as follows:
Section view of ring foundation showing radius points,
Computer program assumes walls as area objects instead of 60cm thick walls, thus
loading area for soil in the model are greater than real situation. Thus real loads are
calculated and divided to the total ring area in the model and given to model. These
calculations are shown below.
Moment and shear forces for earthquake and wind which are calculated at the
bottom of tank (15.75 level) are taken from mechanical design report.
Parameters are shown below,
3
liq 1000 kg/m Unit weight of liquid
3
soil 19 kN/m Unit weight of soil (ref. Soil report)
tshell 35 mm Thickness of bottom shell course
lplateout 100 Annular plate shift distance assumed
hliq 21.48 m Liquid height
hsoilin 1.4 Inside soil height
hsoilout 0.65 Outside soil height
Base of graph
pas = 8.39 kN/m Static active pressure
pps = 124.4 kN/m Static passive pressure
qas = 54.93 kN/m Statik surcharge pressure
qad = 83.62 kN/m Dynamic surcharge pressure
padp = 3.19 kN/m Dynamic active pressure
ppdp = 2.0 kN/m Dynamic passive pressure
Gd = 20.90 kN/m Soil pressure to foundation
In static situation
p0s = 13.31 kN/m Static active pressure
q0s = 87.22 kN/m Statik surcharge pressure
Resultant
Pas = 7.13 Static active pressure
kN/m
Pps = 105.8 kN/m Static passive pressure
Qas = 93.39 kN/m Statik surcharge pressure
Pad = 5.42 kN/m Dynamic active pressure
Qad = 71.07 kN/m Dynamic surcharge pressure
Ppd = 3.4 kN/m Dynamic passive pressure
In static situation
P0s = 11.32 kN/m Static active pressure
Q0s = 148.28 kN/m Statik surcharge pressure
30
20
10
Vertic al"L oads "(kN)
0
!40 !30 !20 !10 0 10 20 30 40
!10
!20
!30
X "c oordina te s"(m )
As it is seen above, right side points are in compression and left side points are in tension.
Since the tank above is self anchored, tension will not occur at the wall. For that reason
tension loads will not be given to wall at the model.
30
20
10
Vertic al"L oads "(kN)
0
!40 !30 !20 !10 0 10 20 30 40
!10
!20
!30
Y"c oordina te s"(m )
Joint Vertical Loads at 15.75 Level
Calculations about Piles
Detailed information is given at Appendix 2.
Reinforced Concrete Piles
Pile bearing capacities are calculated by Zemin Etd ve Tasarm A.. Calculation of
the reinforced pile capacities are shown below.
Emniyetli Kazk Kapasitesinin derinlik ile deiimi

Allowable Pile Capacity versus Depth
F.S.=3.0 for tip & F.S.=2.5 for shaft
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
-22
-24
-26
-28
-30
-32
-34
depth / derinlik (m)
-36
-38
-40
-42
-44
-46
-48
-50
-52
-54
-56
-58
-60
-62
-64
-66
-68
-70
0 100 140 200 300 400 500
fs+qt, ton
80C 80B 80A

K AZIK %K AP AS T E S %H E S AP L AR I
P IL E %C AP AC IT Y %E S T IMAT IO N
B AS E D %O N%s u %
D erinlik((m) s u ((kP a) '((degree)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

0 0
0.5 36
1 36
1.5 36
2 65 2
2.5 65
3 65
3.5 65
4 65 4
4.5 65
5 65
5.5 65
6 65 6
6.5 65
7 65
7.5 65
8 65 8
8.5 165
9 165
9.5 165
10 165 10
10.5 165
11 165
11.5 165
12 165 12
12.5 165
13 165
13.5 165
14 36 14
14.5 36
15 36
15.5 36
16 36 16
16.5 36
17
Su
17.5
18 18
18.5
20
Dc = 15x B = 16.0
Y A S S /G W T((max .)((= 6.0(m
= 0.9
D f((min)(= 0.0(m
Nq*= 31 (for(bored(pile)
reinforc edc onc rete%pile

diameter length tip(area s kin(area/0.5m(length
80(c m L (= 16.0(m A(= 0.50(m2 S (= 1.26(m2
tip%res is tanc e
qtip = 9. s u . A . Rb / v' .Nq . A . Rb (R b= R educ tion(fac tor(due(to(pile(dimens ion)

= 1678 kN R b(: 0.54
qtip all= 559(kN (for(F S ( = (3.0()
pos itiv e%s kin%fric tion

1.50
qs(= (fs (.(S (= 2179(kN where(fs(= ( .s u( /(K c .vo'.tan
adhesion factor, a
qs(all(= 872(kN (for(F S ( = (2.5() 1.00
0.50
0.00
0 50 100 150 200 250
s u (kPa)
total%allowable%pile%c apac ity%(c ompres s ion)

maximum(c apac ity(c hec k
q a %= qtip all(+ (qsall([(w= 1,399(kN = %140%tonnes < 240 tonnes
(T he(method(is (bas ed(on(Tomlins on((1971) J .(B owles ,("F oundation(analys is (and(D es ign",(Mc G raw[Hill(C o,1996
*(K az kl(T emeller,(E (T orol(ve(O .(T an D es ign(of(P ile(F oundations ,((T ec hnic al(E ngineering(and(D es ign(G uides (as (Adapted(from(the(US (Army(C orps (of(E ngineers ,(No.1(AS C E
FORE KAZIK OTURMA HESABI
Pile Settlement Calculations 80cm, L=16m, Fall=140 ton
Derin Temel Oturma Hesab
Calculation method : "Technical Engineering and Design Guides as Adapted From the US Army Corps of Engineers, No.1, ASCE"
Hesap Yntemi : "Technical Engineering and Design Guides as Adapted From the US Army Corps of Engineers, No.1, ASCE"
80cm, L=16m, Fall=140 ton
qsall= 87 ton
qtipall= 53 ton
FSshaft= 2.5
FStip= 3 Qtotal all: Max allowable load.
Qtotal all: Emniyetli tama kapasitesi
Qtotal all= 140 ton Qs: shaft resistance of the pile for the design load for which the settlement is being calculated
Qshaft ult= 217.5 ton Qs: oturmaya sebep olan yk altnda kazk eper srtnme dayanm
Qs= 87 ton Qtip ult: Ultimate capacity of the tip
Qtip ult= 159 ton Qtip ult: Azami U Kapasitesi
Qp= 53 ton Qp: tip resistance of the pile for the design load for which the settlement is being calculated
Qp: tasarmda kullanlan u kapasitesi
w=ws + wpp + wps
ws=(Qp+as x Qs) xL / EA due to axial deformation of the pile shaft / kazk beton malzemenin elastik sklmas
Qp= 53 ton
as= 0.67 number that depends on the skin friction distribution along the pile (Fig. 4-6) 0,67 for triangular
Qs= 87 ton eper srtnmesi dalm kabulne gre seilen katsay gen dalm iin 0.67 seilmitir.
L= 16 m
R= 0,8 m Table 4.10. Value of Cp
A= 0.5 m Soil&Type Driven&Piles Bored&Piles
E= 2,500,000 t/m Sand&(dense&to&loose) 0.02&to&0.04 0.09&to&0.18
ws= 0.14 cm Clay&(stiff&to&soft) 0.02&to&0.03 0.03&to&0.06
Silt&(&dense&to&loose) 0.03&to&0.05 0.09&to&0.12
wpp=Cp x Qp / B / q pile tip deformation due to load transferred at the tip / kazk ucu oturmas
Cp= 0.1 (*) Cp:emprical coefficient Table 4.10
Qp= 53 ton Cp: Ampirik katsay
B= 0.8 m B: Edeer ap
q= 316.3 t/m q: unit ultimate tip bearing capacity / Birim U Kapasitesi (Qtip ult / A)
wpp= 2.09 cm
wps=Cs x Qs /D /q pile tip deformation due to load transferred along pile shaft / eper Oturmas
D= 16 m
B= 0.8 m
Cs=(0,93+0,16(D/B)^0,5)x Cp
Cs= 0.16
Qs= 87 ton
q= 316.3 t/m q: unit ultimate tip bearing capacity / Birim U Kapasitesi (Qtip ult / A)
wps= 0.28 cm
w= 2.52 cm
(*) Selected from Table 4-10 for dense sand. Sk kum iin seilmitir.
Unreinforced Concrete Piles (Soil improvement)
For soil improvement, 256 concrete piles without reinforcement are used inside
the ring foundation. Calculations are made by Zemin Etd ve Tasarm A.. as follows.
Pile Disposition;
Design Load for interior Piles;

Q = Liquid Storage weight of tank 25.00ton/m2.
Depending on the results observed in the correlation shown in the figure, improved
capacity of ground reached a capacity of 29.40ton/m2 which is higher than required.
Calculation summary for Concrete Column;
As an example, detail of calculations for pile no 1 is shown below;
In HC7Eq9L combination axial force is 1657kN, moment in one direction is 100kNm.

Concrete Foundation Design
Foundations are defined as shell members. Brief explanation about shell elements
used in Sap2000 program is given below.
Internal forces and local axis belong to shell members are shown below figure.
Explanations of shell forces are below;

M11; moment in direction 1 (for 1 meter width)
M22; moment in direction 2 (for 1 meter width)
V13; shear force in direction 3 (perpendicular to direction 1) (for 1 meter width)
V23; shear force in direction 3 (perpendicular to direction 2) (for 1 meter width)
F11; axial force parallel to direction 1 (for 1 meter width)
F22; axial force parallel to direction 2 (for 1 meter width)
F12; shear force parallel to direction 1 (for 1 meter width)
F21; shear force parallel to direction 2 (for 1 meter width)
M11 & M22 define bending reinforcement.
V13 & V23 define foundation and slab thickness (these can be used for punching control).
F11 & F22 define axial reinforcement.
Following figure represents any part of foundation / slab and its local axis.
Moment diagrams are shown below for each axis. Units are t,m. Thickness of the
foundations are 60cm. For demonstration purpose, moment capacity of 60cm thick
foundation is calculated as below. More detailed calculation procedure is given at
Appendix 1.
According to ACI 318 Clause 7.12.2.1
As, min = 0.0018*100*60 = 9.9cm2/m

F60 foundation; Asmin = 9.9cm2
Moment in transverse direction, cover 8.5cm

Top ; 16/20 10.05 cm2 Mcap = 18.5 tm/m > Mdem = 10.5 tm/m
APPENDIX 1

Storage Tank Sunum

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AKARYAKIT TANKLARI ve KATI

ATIK SLOSU TASARIMI"

Deprem annda yapnn oturduu zeminde (0.0m)-(-15.80m) kotlar arasnda svlama

Yapnn dizayn iin SAP2000 Nonlinear V14.1.0 program kullanlmtr.

2.1 Yap Grn ve Kesitleri

Gerek tasarmda gerekse hesaplarda SI uluslararas l birim sistemi kullanlmtr.

Fore Kazk : 75mm

Zemin alt yaplar: 50mm

Su tutucu yaplar : 50mm

Kiri ve kolonlar : 40mm

Plak demeler: 25mm veya en byk demir ap kadar (hangisi bykse)

3.3.1 Betonarme Donat elii

3.3.2 Betonarme Betonu

Analiz programnda tanmlanan ykler aadaki tabloda verilmitir.

TABLE: Load Pattern Definitions

Bu ykler mevcut artnamelerde belirtilen kombinasyonlarda kullanlp yapya etkitilmitir.

4.1 Tasarm Ykleri

DEAD = Tayc sistem zati arlklar (program tarafndan hesaplanyor)

SLUDGE = Stok malzemesi arl (1.06 t/m3)

DROOF= at st zati yk (0.15 t/m2)

LROOF= at st hareketli yk (0.1 t/m2)

MIXER= Mikser arl (5.1t)

DBRIDGE= Kpr zati yk (5.4t)

LBRIDGE= Kpr hareketli yk(0.1 t/m2)

SNOW= Kar yk (0.075 t/m2)

TEMP= Scaklk etkisi (25Co)

TNDN= Posttension etkisi

LIVE= Hareketli yk (0.1 t/m2)

PSS=Statik durum toprak yatay itkisi

PWS=Statik durum su yatay itkisi

PQS=Statik durum srsaj yatay itkisi

PSD=Dinamik durum toprak yatay itkisi

PWD=Dinamik durum su yatay itkisi

PQD=Dinamik durum srsaj yatay itkisi

Piy(x-y)(P-N)= Stok malzemesi impulsive itkisi

Pcy(x-y)(P-N)= Stok malzemesi convective itkisi

Pw(x-y)(P-N)= Silo cidar ktlesi dinamik itkisi

Pr(x-y)(P-N)= Silo at ktlesi dinamik itkisi

4.2 Statik Durum Yatay Ykleri:

w=1.0 t/m 3 (suyun birim hacim arl)

=1.8 t/m 3 (zemin kuru birim hacim arl)

s=2.2 t/m 3 (zemin suya doygun birim hacim arl)

b=2.0 t/m 3 (zemin su altndaki birim hacim arl)

=20o (Kayma direnci as)

Ko=0.5 (Skunetteki itki katsays)

4.3 Dinamik Durum Yatay Ykleri:

Silo cidarna etkiyen dey basnlarn hesaplanmas:

5. BETONARME SLO TASARIMI

5.1 Silo Cidar Betonarme Tasarm

Silo cidarnda meydana gelen max-min gerilmeler:

F11 Enve Max (t/m):

5.2 Silo Cidar Is Etkisi

Is fark deiimi: T = Ti Te = 30C

Silo cidar kalnl: t = 45cm = 0.45 m

Genleme katsays: = 10-5

I = Ic / 2 = 3.810-3 m4/m (atlam kesit atalet momenti)

Ardgerme Elemanlar Hesap Noktalar

ve formlasyonda kullanlarak bir noktadaki P x tendon kuvvetinin:

Px = Po*e-(+kx) ile hesaplanabildiini gstermitir.

9-Strand ve 0.6-inch (1.524cm tel ap) (9C15)

Demet Hesap Parametreleri:

Malzeme: ASTM A 416-Grade 270 (1860/1670)

Akma Dayanm: fy (fpk) = 1670MPa = 167000t/m 2

Kopma Dayanm: fu (fp0.1k) = 186000t/m 2

Nd0.85fcdAc=0.8523000.3*1.0=586t/m > 45t/m (TS 500)

evre=3.1429.6=92.95m ise donat aral=9295cm/2376=12.35cm olur.

Nmax=-250.0t/m D=75cm iin Nd0.85fcdAc=0.8520000.75*1.0=1275/m> 250t/m (TS 500)

Nmax=-700.0t/m D=130cm iin N d0.85fcdAc=0.8520001.3*1.0=2210t/m> 700t/m (TS 500)