:

. :
2017 :

Introduction
1925 ( )Terzaghi
O ( )1 :

1
 ) 1(
= + (1)
Where :
= 1 + 2 (2)
'= effective stress
u= pore water pressure = h2 (3)
= unit weight of water
Combining Eqs. (1) ( 3) gives
= = (1 + 2 ) 2 = 1 + 2 (4)
Where is the effective unit weight of soil =
1 2 3
:)2(

Direction 1: 1 = 1
Direction 2: 2 = 2
Direction 3: 3 = 3

2
 ( )2

.


( )
. .

.

Pore water pressure developed due to isotropic stress application

) (3 ( )isotropic
u

3
 Fig(3) Soil element under isotropic stress application
Vp
:
= 0 )(5
Where:
n = porosity
Cp = compressibility of pore water
Vo = original volume of soil element
:
=

:
) = 3 = 3 ( )(6
Where:
=Cc

( )4 .

4
Fig(4) Definition of Cc: volume change due to uniaxial stress application with
zero excess pore water pressure

V Vp
:) 6( ) 5(
0 = 3 ( )
:
1
== (7)

1 + ( )
3
where B is the pore pressure parameter (Skempton, 1954)
:
= =

3(1 )
3 = =

where and = Youngs modulus and Poissons ratio with

respect to changes in effective stress.

5
 Hence
1
= )(8

) ( 1 +

Pore water pressure parameter B
) Black and Lee (1973 B
( )1
B Black and Lee

( )1 ) Black and Lee (1973 B

( )5 B
. B
.

6
 ( )5 B
B
.
B=0.B 1 B ()0,1
Pore water pressure due to uniaxial loading
( )8 .

:
= 0

7
 ) 6(
:

Direction 1: =
Direction 2: = 0 =
Direction 3: = 0 =

:
= ( ) + () () (9)

where Ce is the coefficient of the volume expansibility (Figure 9)

Definition of Ce: coefficient of volume expansion under uniaxial )7(

.loading
:
=

0 = ( ) 2

8
 Or

== )(10
+ + 2

where A is the pore pressure parameter (Skempton, 1954).

Cc = Ce :

1
= )(11

( )+3

~ 0

= 1/3

A .
Pore water pressure under triaxial test conditions

()1 > 3 ( )a-8
u u 1 3
( )a-4
( )b-8 ()c-8
3 ()b-8

9
 ( )8

= 3 )(12

( )7 1 3 ()c-10
) = (1 3 )(13

( )10
) = + = 3 + (1 3 )(14

For saturated soil, if B = 1; so

) = 3 + (1 3 )(15

Henkels modification of pore water pressure Equation

( )11 )Henkel (1960
( )15 :
10
 1 + 2 + 3
= + (1 2 )^2 + (2 3 )^2 + (3
3
1 )^2 )(16

= + 3 )(17
:
= Henkels pore pressure parameter
=
The increases in the octahedral normal and shear stresses, respectively.

2 = 3

1 + 23
= + 2 ) (1 3 )(18
3

16:
1 3 = 1

2 3 = 0
:

11
 1 3
= ) + 2 (1 3
3

1
) = ( + 2 )(1 3 )(19
3

( )9
( )13 ( )19 :
1
) = ( + 2
3

1 1
= ) ( )(20
2 3

.
( undrained
)condition q
()12

12
 , ,
> >,
) = ( +

1 , 2 , 3 ( )16 , ,
:
+ ( + ) + 1 1
= + (A ) ( ( + ))^2
3 2 3
+ [ ( + ) ]^2 + ( )^2 )(21
= 0.5
3 1 1
[ = + ) ( ) + ](
2 3 2

( )10
()undrained condition

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13

]1[ Advanced Soil Mechanics, by Braja M. Das Third edition
[2] An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering,ROBERT
D.HOLTZ &WILLIAM D KOVACS

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