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OSBORO, Dizah Faye A.

BSN 1-D

GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA DISEASE CAUSED VIRULENCE FACTORS


Staphylococcus aureus Minor skin infections: such 1. Protective
as pimples, impetigo, boils, cellulitis, a. microcapsule
folliculitis, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, b. Protein A: binds IgG
and abscesses. c. Coagulase: fibrin formation around organism
Life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, d. hemolysins
meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic e. leukocidins
shock syndrome, bacteremia, and sepsis. f. penicillinase
2. Tissue-Destroying
a. hyaluronidase
b. staphylokinase (lysis of clots)
c. lipase
Staphylococcus epidermidis Intravascular devices (prosthetic heart 1. Protective
valves, shunts, etc.) but also commonly occur a. polysaccharide capsule (adherence to prosthetic
in prosthetic joints, catheters, and large devices)
wounds. Catheter infections along with * high antibiotic resistance
catheter-induced UTIs lead to
serious inflammation and pus secretion.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus Leading cause of cystitis in young women.
Shares many clinical features of urinary tract
infection caused by Escherichia coli, but differs
in pathogenesis, seasonal variation, and
geographic distribution.
Streptococcus pneumoniae Most common cause of community-acquired 1. capsule (83 serotypes)
pneumonia (CAP), bacterial
meningitis, bacteremia, and otitis media, as
well as an important cause of sinusitis,
septic arthritis, osteomyelitis,peritonitis,
and endocarditis.
Streptococcus pyrogenes (group A) Pharyngitis, scarlet fever (rash), impetigo, 1. M-protein (adherence factor, antiphagocytic,
cellulitis, or erysipelas. Invasive infections can antigenic)
result in necrotizing fasciitis, myositis and 2. lipoteichoic acid (adherence factor)
streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. 3. steptokinase
4. hyaluronidase
5. DNAase
6. Anti-C5a peptidase
Steptococcus agalactiae A cause of postpartum infection and as the
most common cause of neonatal sepsis. This
organism is also causes infection in
nonpregnant adults.
Enterococci (group D) Most often associated with bacteremia, with or 1. extracellular dextran helps bind to heart valves
without endocarditis. Other less-common (high intrinsic resistance)
infections involving group D streptococci
include urinary tract
infections, meningitis, neonatal
sepsis,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, septic
arthritis, and vertebral osteomyelitis.
Streptococcus viridans Most serious Viridans infections occur when
the bacteria enters other regions of the body.
For example, if Viridans gets into the
bloodstream it can cause endocarditis
(infection of the inner lining of the heart)
Clostridium tetani Generalized rigidity and convulsive spasms of 1. flagella (H-Ag (+))
skeletal muscles. The muscle stiffness usually
involves the jaw (lockjaw) and neck and then
becomes generalized.
Clostridium botulinum Causes flaccid paralysis of muscles. 1. flagella (H-Ag (+))
Clostridium perfringes Food poisoning enteritis necroticans or pig-bel 1. non-motile
disease
Clostridium difficile Causes an infectious diarrhea called C. difficile 1. flagella (H-Ag (+))
associated diarrhea(CDAD).
Bacillus anthracis Causes Anthrax disease and can result 1. unique protein capsule (polymer of -D-glutamic
in pneumonia, blood infection, and death. acid: antiphagocytic
2. non-motile
3. virulence depends on acquiring 2 plasmids; one
carries gene for protein capsule, other carries gene
for exotoxin
Listeria monocytogenes Can manifest itself 1. flagella (H-Ag (+))
as sepsis,meningitis, encephalitis, intrauterine 2. hemolysin
infections and spontaneous abortions in a. heat labile
pregnant women. b. antigenic
GRAM NEGATIVE DISEASE CAUSED VIRULENCE FACTORS
Salmonella species
(zoonotic: turtles, chicken, uncooked eggs)
Salmonella typhi
Shigella dysenteriae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Escherichia Coli
Vibrio cholera
Campylobacter jejuni
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacteroides fragilis
Neisseria Meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Hemophilus influenzae
Hemophilus dureyi
Bordetella pertussis
Legionella pneumophilia
Salmonella species
Salmonella typhi
Shigella dysenteriae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Hemophilus influenzae
Hemophilus dureyi
Bordetella pertussis
Legionella pneumophilia
Salmonella species
Salmonella typhi
Shigella dysenteriae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Escherichia Coli

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