This type of application distinguishes itself from the
4o PE
alternative of externally applied synthetic fibers in
that it reduces in-service deflections and can close or
reduce existing cracks.
A notable application of externally applied post-
tensioning is the retrofit of the seven-story parking
structure at Pier 39 in San Francisco [ikalami et al. 1989],
(Figs 2.3.8A2, and 4) where post-tensioning was used to
restore the in-service requirements of the structure and
provide the strength necessary
to comply with the governing code. The unbonded 3
PTS362
(a) Distressed member
tendon
(b)Appkafion of external post- ensioning
FIGURE 2.3.841 Deformation and Strength Correc-
tion Through Externally Applied Post-Tensioning
FIGURE 2.3.8A-2 Pier 39 Parking Structure
Blocks at the outer face of the columns are anchorages of the
externally applied tendons (San Francisco. California; P381)
95117
.
PC
- ste
tuts son
C. KM Pit
(0 SECO%
(ii) Sit NEW AT STRESSING at (M END SEW Al STRESSING RNO
DETAILSOFRETROFIT
FIGURE 2.3.8A-3 Tendon Deviator and End Block
Details (Pier 39 Parking Structure; San Francisco)
strands used for the retrofit were galvanized and
encased in precast hollow members to provide fire
protection (Fig. 2.3.844). The details of the devia-
tors and the end block for stressing are shown in Fig.
2.3.8A-3.
B. Retrofit through External Post-Tensioning to
Change Failure Mode: The "active force" of external
post-tensioning can be used to enhance the strength
capacity of a floor system, and bring It into compli-
ance with the prevailing building code. The concept
rests on mobilizing more of the existing reinforce-
ment in a floor system to resist design loads; it has
been successfully applied to retrofit floors that are
deficient in strength [Aalami et al, 1995]. The con-
cept Is described next, followed by an example of its
application.
A typical floor layout of a parking level constructed
using a column-supported two-way floor system
is shown in Fig. 2.3.8B-1. With Increasing load, the
structure will develop the failure mechanism shown
in 2.3.8B-2a and b. The applied load will be resisted
by internal moments developed along the hinge lines
as shown. There will be cracking along these hinge
lines, at the top of the slab over the columns and at