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........................................................................ 6
............................................................................... 10
1. ......................... 27
1.1. -
............................................................. 28
1.2. ......................... 45
1.3. ........ 74
2.
.................................................................. 82
2.1. ............................ 83
2.2. ..................... 96
2.3. ......... 136
2.3.1. ............. 139
2.3.2. ... 178
2.3.3. ......... 222
2.4.
............................................................................ 231
3.
................................................................. 240
3.1. ................ 240
3.2. ............ 249
3.3. ...... 254
3.3.1. ......................................... 255
3.3.2. .............................. 321
3.3.3. ................................... 324
3.4. ..................................................... 334
3.4.1. ....................... 334
3.4.2. ................. 342
3.5. .................................. 367
 4.
....................... 374
4.1. ............ 375
4.2. ,
................................................................................................... 389
4.3. . 404
5.
................................................................. 436
5.1. .................................................... 436
5.2. .......................... 449
5.2.1. ..................... 449
5.2.2. ......................... 459
5.3. ................ 480
5.3.1. ............................... 480
5.3.2. .............................. 501
5.3.3. ............................ 521
5.4. ............... 524
5.4.1. .................................................... 524
5.4.2. ........................................................ 529
5.4.3. , , ................................ 545
6.
................................................................. 555
6.1. .......................... 561
6.1.1. ..................... 561
6.1.2. ......................... 565
6.2. ................ 574
6.2.1. ............................... 574
6.2.2. .............................. 581
6.2.3. ............................ 586
6.3. ............... 589
7.
....................... 593
8. .... 611
...................................................................... 617
.................................................... 620
........................................... 625
........................................................................ 640
SUMMARY .............................................................................. 657
CONTENT................................................................................ 659
................................................. 661
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378
30
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41
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245,
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335
34
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106
24
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 627

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- 98
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341
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60
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425

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270
560
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628

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395
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221
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47 337
 629

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221
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204
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339

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-
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-
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630

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 631

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632

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464
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 633

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634

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 635

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636

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586
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 637

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316
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- 575
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-
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638

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240
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590, 591
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480
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 639

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640

1 .., .. : -
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1998. . 29 51.
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25.
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 Summary 657

SUMMARY
The book contains the authors approach towards the con-
struction of methodology, which is defined as the theory of the
organization of human activity. This definition determines the
subject of methodology the organization of activity. In this
framework the term organization is considered in the following
three denotations:
1) an internal order, coherency or interaction between more
or less differentiated and autonomous parts of the whole;
2) an aggregate of processes or actions, which lead to the
formation and perfection of interrelations between the parts of the
whole;
3) a community of people, jointly implementing certain pro-
gram of actions or achieving a purpose under given procedures
and principles of interaction.
Under the above definition of methodology it is considered
broadly as the theory of organization of any human activity
scientific, practical, art, educational or play activity on the one
hand; and both individual and collective activity on the other
hand.
The book contains detailed philosophical, psychological, sys-
tems engineering, science on science, ethical and aesthetical foun-
dations of methodology.
Methodology studies the organization of activity. To organize
an activity means to regularize it into the holistic system with
precise characteristics, logical structure, and process of its imple-
mentation (temporal structure).
Logical structure of activity includes the following compo-
nents: object, subject, forms, means, methods and the result of the
activity.
658 Summary

External characteristics are the peculiar properties, principles,

conditions and norms of activity.
Historically, different types of the activity organization cul-
tures are distinguished: traditional culture of aboriginal and
agrarian society, handicraft and professional (scientific) cultures.
The modern one is the project-technological type of organization
culture, which is characterized by the subdivisions of a mans (or
an organizations) activity into complete cycles, which are re-
ferred to as the projects, implemented in the certain temporal
sequence by phases, stages and steps.
The completeness of the activity cycle (completeness of the
project) is determined by three sequential phases:
the designing phase, which results in the constructed model
of the designed system and into the plan of its implementation;
the technological phase, which results in the implementa-
tion of the system;
the reflexive phase, which results in the estimation of the
implemented system and decision-making on its further correction
or starting the next project.
Given above understanding and construction of methodology
allows considering from the unified positions and in the same
logic (chapter 1):
- the methodology of scientific researches (chapter 2);
- the methodology of practical activity (chapter 3);
- the methodology of art activity (chapter 4);
- the methodology of educational activity (chapter 5);
- the methodology of play activity (chapter 6).
Comparative analysis of different types of activitys organi-
zation is given in chapter 7. The problem of teaching the method-
ology in senior school, colleges, universities and post-graduate
courses is considered in chapter 8.
 Content 659

CONTENT

PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1. FOUNDATIONS OF METHODOLOGY
1.1. Philosophical-Psychological and Systems Engineering
Foundations of Methodology
1.2. Science on Science Foundations of Methodology
1.3. Ethical and Aesthetical Foundations of Methodology
Chapter 2. METHODOLOGY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES
2.1. Characteristics of Scientific Researches
2.2. Means and Methods of Scientific Researches
2.3. Organization of the Scientific Research Process
2.4. Particularity of the Collective Scientific Researches
Chapter 3. METHODOLOGY OF PRACTICAL ACTIVITY
3.1. Characteristics of Practical Activity
3.2. Means and Methods of Practical Activity
3.3. Organization of the Practical Activity Process
3.4. Project Management
3.5. Projects and Scientific Researches
Chapter 4. INTRODUCTION TO THE METHODOLOGY
OF ART ACTIVITY
4.1. Characteristics of Art Activity
4.2. Means, Methods and Forms of Art Activity
4.3. Organization of the Art Activity Process

Chapter 5. METHODOLOGY OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY

5.1. Shift of the Educational Paradigms
660 Content

5.2. Characteristics of Educational Activity

5.3. Logical Structure of Educational Activity
5.4. Organization of the Educational Activity Process
Chapter 6. INTRODUCTION TO THE METHODOLOGY
OF PLAY ACTIVITY
6.1. Characteristics of Play Activity
6.2. Logical Structure of Play Activity
6.3. Organization of the Play Activity Process
Chapter 7. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF ACTIVITYS ORGANIZATION
Chapter 8. TEACHING THE BASES OF METHODOLOGY
CONCLUSION
SUBJECT-HEADING
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SUMMARY
CONTENT
AUTHORS INFORMATION


1941 .., -
, , -
, -
,
,
,
.


,
. .. .
250 ,
-
, . 10
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E-mail: am@anovikov.ru, www.anovikov.ru

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