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 Optimization of Buckling Strength and
Fundamental Frequency of Uniformly Heated
Cylindrical Panel using PSO

Vinod S Bhagat
Dr. P. Jeyaraj and Dr. S.M.Murigendrappa
Department of Mechanical Engineering
National Institute of Technology Karnataka
August 20, 2017

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Outline

1 Introduction
2 Panel considered
3 Analysis approach
4 Results and discussion
5 Conclusion
6 References

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Shell panel

Curved thin and thick structure having single or multilayer of

isotropic or orthotropic materials.
Classified according to its curvatures.
If the wall thickness of the shell is less than 10% of the
diameter of the shell then it can be treated as a thin shell.
The membrane stiffness is much greater than the bending
stiffness.

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Application of curved shell panel

Today curved panel plays an important role in many engineering

application. Some of them are listed below:
Naval, train and space projects.
Aviation, automotive and marine application
Pressure vessels, nuclear reactors and boilers.

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Applications of curved shell panel

Figure: Application of Curved panels www.gwultrasonics.com

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Thermal stress

Thermal load becomes predominant when shell structure is subjected

to high temperature as it induces thermal stress.
Thermal stress is created when thermal expansion is constrained.

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Influence of thermal stress

Has significant effect on the structures strength and stability.

Give rise to buckling failure.
Degrade the panels structural performance.
Affects the dynamic behavior of the structure.

(a) PCB http://www.soccentral.com (b) Mobile cases

http://www.tomshardware.com/

Figure: Thermal stresses observed in (a) PCB (b) Mobile case

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Accidents occur due to Buckling

Deepwater Horizon disaster

caused by drill pipe buckling,
U.S. Chemical Safety
Board(April 20, 2010, Macondo
well in the Gulf of Mexico,
http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/ )

A fire at an oil tank blazed with

an intensity that led it to Buckle
(April 20, 2016, Jurong Island,
http://news.asiaone.com/news/singapore/).
Photo courtesy: Singapore Civil Defence
Force

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One of the blades of the turbine
has strike the tower results in
buckling failure. (2007, United
states, http://www.stpns.net/).

V-22 joint strike fighter, has

resulted in ship flight deck
buckling due to the excessive heat
impact from engine exhaust
plumes, U.S. defence advanced
research agency.

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 Motivation

Motivation of research work

Curved panels employed in numerous engineering application such as

hypersonic aircrafts, nuclear reactors, storage tanks, marine structures
are subjected to hostile thermal environment during their service.
Optimum fiber orientation can enhance the buckling strength and free
vibration frequency of the non-uniformly heated panel.
Particle swarm optimisation is the easiest and less time consuming
optimisation method.

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 Motivation

Optimisation of buckling strength and free vibration

frequency

Buckling and free vibration behavior of the cylindrical panel is

significantly influenced by fiber orientation.
Material properties along longitudinal and transverse direction of the
panel changes with fiber orientation.
Thermal coefficient along longitudinal and transverse direction of the
panel also changes with fiber orientation.
Buckling strength and free vibration frequency can be maximised by
optimising the fiber orientation.

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 Motivation

Panel considered

Geometrical parameters
Thickness (h) = 0.001m,
Thickness ratio (S/h) =100,
Curvature ratio (R/S) =5

Material properties
E11 =181GPa, E22 =10.3GPa,
E33 =10.3GPa,
G12 = G13 =7.17GPa,
G23 =2.39GPa,
12 = 13 = 23 =0.25,
1 /1 =0.02/22.5,
k 1 /k 2 =4.62/0.72, 0 = 106 /o C

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 Motivation

Non-dimensional quantities

= Tcr
Tcr ; F =
T0 0

where T0 and F0 are the critical buckling temperature and fundamental

frequency, respectively, corresponding to a prescribed fiber orientation (
0o /0o /0o /0o ) with geometrical parameters (L/S=1, R/S=5, S/h=100).

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 Motivation

Analysis Approach

Static analysis: [K] {U } = {F }

Eigenvalue buckling analysis: ([K] + i [K ]) {i } = 0
Critical buckling temperature Tcr = 1 T.
Modal analysis: [K] k2 [M ] {k } = 0


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 Motivation

Particle swarm optimisation

PSO was first described by James Kennedy and Russell Eberhart in

1995.
Derived from two concepts:
The observation of swarming habits of animals such as birds or fish.
The field of evolutionary computation (such as genetic algorithms)
Compared to GA, the advantages of PSO are that PSO is easy to
implement and there are few parameters to adjust.

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 Motivation

Each particle maintains:

Position in the search space (solution and fitness)
Velocity
Individual best position
In addition, the swarm maintains its global best position.

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 Motivation

Flowchart

The PSO algorithm consists

of just three steps
1. Evaluate fitness of each
particle
2. Update individual and global
bests
3. Update velocity and position
of each particle
These steps are repeated until
some stopping condition is met.

Link

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 Motivation

Problem formulation

Find fiber orientation ()

To maximize critical buckling temperature
(Tcr )max = max Tcr ()

To maximize first fundamental frequency

(f )max = max f ()

00 900

Symmetric angle ply [/-/-/] has been considered.

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 Motivation

Weighted sum method

Multi objective optimisation problem is converted to single objective

problem by using the weighted sum method.
Simplest approach and probably the most widely used method.
It scalarizes the set of objectives into a single objective by multiplying
each objective with a user supplied weight.

Multi-objective design index, MODI

+ f ;
M ODI = Tcr + = 1; 0 (, ) 1

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 Motivation

Convergence study

PSO parameters
Swarm size= 30, Maximum iteration=50, C1 = C2 = 2.05

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 Motivation

Results and discussion

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 Motivation

Effect of weighting factor on the optimal designs

Effect of weighting factor on

maximum performance index
Weighting factor (MODI)max Fiber orientation
0.25 1.321 46.724
0.50 2.040 46.967
0.75 2.760 47.087

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 Motivation

Influence of curvature ratio

= 0.25 = 0.5

Influence of curvature ratio on

optimum fiber orientation and
(MODI)max
Curvature (MODI)max Fiber orientation
ratio 0.25 0.5 0.75 0.25 0.5 0.75
2.5 2.668 4.443 6.212 49.366 49.388 49.265
5 1.321 2.040 2.756 46.724 46.967 47.087
7.5 0.873 1.251 1.647 45.322 45.802 45.971
10 0.711 0.978 1.245 42.391 42.419 42.411

= 0.75 23 / 38
 Motivation

Influence of thickness ratio

= 0.25 = 0.5

Influence of thickness ratio on optimum

fiber orientation and (MODI)max
(MODI)max Fiber orientation
Thickness ratio 0.25 0.5 0.75 0.25 0.5 0.75
75 1.716 2.522 3.330 45.770 46.200 46.384
100 1.321 2.040 2.760 46.729 46.935 47.092
125 1.126 1.801 2.477 46.577 46.667 46.676
150 0.934 1.521 2.109 47.682 48.151 48.348

= 0.75 24 / 38
 Motivation

Influence of aspect ratio

= 0.25 = 0.5

Influence of aspect ratio on optimum fiber

orientation and (MODI)max
(MODI)max Fiber orientation
Aspect ratio 0.25 0.5 0.75 0.25 0.5 0.75
0.75 1.292 1.874 2.455 45.497 45.815 46.012
1 1.321 2.040 2.760 46.729 46.935 47.092
1.5 1.403 2.267 3.132 47.007 47.229 47.316
2 1.400 2.281 3.165 47.198 47.714 47.919

= 0.75 25 / 38
 Motivation

Influence of boundary constraints

= 0.25 = 0.5
Influence of boundary constraints on
optimum fiber orientation and
(MODI)max
Boundary (MODI)max Fiber orientation
constraints 0.25 0.5 0.75 0.25 0.5 0.75
CCCC 1.321 2.040 2.760 46.729 46.935 47.092
SSCC 1.350 2.197 3.043 47.168 47.618 47.753
SSSS 2.417 4.371 6.325 45.365 45.428 45.395
CCFC 1.290 2.171 3.054 46.727 47.276 47.389

= 0.75 26 / 38
 Motivation

Conclusion

Combination of Particle swarm optimisation and weighting sum

method is employed to optimise the buckling strength and first
fundamental frequency of the panels.
Geometrical parameters such as thickness ratio, curvature ratio and
aspect ratio, play a dominant role in deciding the optimum buckling
strength of panels analysed.
Thermal buckling strength and fundamental frequency of the
laminated cylindrical panels can be enhanced significantly with
laminate orientation.

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 Motivation

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Motivation

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