PACKED TOWER

Struktur unit Packed Tower

Bagian atas:

Spray untuk megubah gas input menjadi fase cair.

Bagian tengah:

Packed tower untuk memperluas permukaan sentuh sehingga mudah untuk diabsorbsi

Bagian bawah: Input gas sebagai tempat masuknya gas ke dalam reaktor.

Packed columns are used for distillation, gas absorption and liquid-liquid extraction.
The gas-liquid contact in a packed column is continuous, not stage-wise, as in a plate
column. The liquid flows down in the column over a packing surface and the vapor (or the
gas) moves counter-currently, up the column. The performance of a packed column is very
dependent on the maintenance of good liquid and gas distribution through the packed bed,
and this is an important consideration in packed column design.
countercurrent (gas to liquid) flow tower

BUBBLE CAP TOWER

Bubble caps flow

slotted cap on central riser

bubble cap distillation tower the holes in each tray are covered with caps called bubble caps. The slots
in these bubble caps disperse the raising vapor through the liquid on the tray. Each bubble cap has many
slots and each tray has many bubble caps to spread up the vapor. This ensures maximum contact
between vapor and liquid so that maximum heat transfer can take place.
Trays
Trays are a series of plates arranged vertically up the column. The liquid flows along each plate,
over a weir and then under gravity flows down a downcomer to the tray below. The height of the
weir determines the quantity of liquid held on each tray. The downcomer is taken beneath the
liquid surface on the tray below to create a vapour seal.

The vapour flows upwards through perforations in the plate (the upward flow is achieved by
maintaining a pressure drop between the bottom and top of the column). The vapour passes
through the liquid on the tray and then travels up to the tray above. The distance between each
tray is important. If the tray spacing is too large, the column becomes very high, increasing the
capital cost. If the spacing is too low, there is a risk of liquid becoming entrained with the
vapour, reducing the column effectiveness. Spacing between trays is typically around 60 cm.

Sieve tray extraction tower, arranged for light liqui dispersed

Sieve tray extraction tower, arranged for light liqui dispersed