Fake open access trapped the top three Indonesian universities
Andi Anto Patak
Universitas Negeri Makassar
Currently, the fake open access issue is
directly striking the global scientific
community. On the other hand, awareness
of fake open access is increasing among
policy makers in education setting. It is
because of the long-term effects not only
devastate the system, but also ruin
confidence and academic credibility, as
well as hurt the mental of scholars.
Nowdays, many universities, research
institutes, and ministry of education have
blacklisted the scientific journals. In
general, all impose a ban for those who get
published in the fake open access journals.
This kind of regulation should have been
launched and implemented consistently
without the slightest tolerance especially
for developing countries such as Indonesia.
Indonesian scholars are all potentially
disadvantaged in many aspects, including
lowering academic quality and giving a
bad image to the scientific community of
Indonesia in the the global academia.
Moreover, in plain view, the target of fake
open access are scholars in developing
countries.
Fake open access and International
publication requirement
The research of fake open access by
Jeffrey Beall1 has been welcomed globally
by scholars from all over the world
including Indonesia. The Directorate of
Higher Education of the Ministry of
Education of the Republic of Indonesia2
has responded the Jeffrey Beall works by
issuing the policy to reject the submitted
documents by lecturers who registered for
preferment.
Ironic, the top three university rank in
Indonesia based on QS University
Rankings3, Universitas Indonesia (UI),
Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB),
and Airlangga University have performed
the ambigous attitude toward fake open
access. Scholars in these top three
Indonesian universities have been trapped
by fake open access journals based on the
data taken from Scopus on Friday, 28
November, 2014 at 8.24 pm.
It was found that scholars of the three top
universities published 104 documents
indexed by Scopus for publication year of
2014 were listed by Jeffrey Beall 4,5 as
predatory open access. The 104 number of
documents were divided into 27 by UI, 48
by ITB, and 29 by Airlangga University.
The details of the documents were as in
Appendix A.
To run the business slickly, the fake open
access journal made strenuous efforts to be
indexed in Scopus, one of the largest
databases in the world owned by the
Elsevier BV. The rise of online scientific
journals, including the fake open access, is
due to the high level of demand. Scholars
from developing countries are required to
publish their research results in
international journals. In Indonesia, for
example, at the end of January 2012, the
Director General of Higher Education
required the postgraduates students to
submit their papers to international
journals 6 .
Scandal between Indonesian scholars
and journal operators
The open-access explosion has energized
the increase of questionable operators in
publishing sector7. Although looking for
authors, reviewers, and editorial board are
the extremeley difficult problems for fake
open access journal, the operators of fake
open access journals are not despairing.
They started sending spam emails to
scholars who are considered potential to
trap submitting their papers. It seems that
scholars from developing countries
welcome the offer to get rapid published in
order to meet the requirement for getting
the research grants through journals
publication with "international stamp".
Moreover, the Directorare of Higher
Education of the Ministry of Education of
the Republic of Indonesia only reject the
submitted documents containing fake open
access journal for preferment not for
research grants. This is starting point of the
scandal, papers by scholars are guaranteed
to be published in fake open access journal
without review selection after paying the
publication fee. The scholars can meet the
requirement of getting the research grants
and journal operators get some money and
even much more money by continuing to
trap other a huge numbers of scholars in
developing countries.
The fake open access journal are
successful in an attempt to trap Indonesian
scholars who are professional lecturers in
the top three Indonesian universities. Of
course, Indonesian scholars can argue with
any reason, however the fact proves that it
is incredibly easy getting published in the
fake open acess journal.
The author should identify the
characteristics of the fake journals which
exploit the open access. In practice, the
publisher of the journal massively and
ramdomly spread e-mail via spam email
list of scholars to invite authors submitting
their papers. The publishers of fake
journals do not consider the expertise of e-
mail recipients. Most fake journals do not
consider reviewing the content of the
paper, writing quality, and novely, a
practice that has never been done by a
reputable journals.
Although reviewing the article before the
submission process takes time, energy, and
thoughts, this step is meaningful. The review
should involve the colleagues who can be
trusted as the expert in their field and should
be excellent at written English. The
phenomena of fake open access journals
emerge due to the mutual needs between
scholars and journal operators. The
strictness of the review process on the
reputable journal journals have inspired
the fake journals accommodating poor
papers which cannot compete to the
qualified papers.
References
1. Beall, J. Predatory publishers are
corrupting open access. Nature 489,
179179 (2012).
2. Directorate of Higher Education.
Jurnal yang Perlu Dipertimbangkan
untuk Kenaikan Pangkat/Jabatan
Dosen. Sist. Penilai. Angka Kredit
Dosen (2013).
3. QS University Rankings. QS
University Rankings: Asia-
Indonesia. (2014).
4. Beall, J. Bealls List: Potential,
possible, or probable predatory
scholarly open-access publishers.
(2014).
5. Beall, J. Bealls List: Potential,
possible, or probable predatory
scholarly open-access journals.
(2014).
6. Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan
Tinggi. Publikasi Karya Ilmiah.
(2012).
7. Butler, D. Investigating journals:
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495, 4335 (2013).
Author Details:
Andi Anto Patak is a Ph.D student at
Measurement and Evaluation, Faculty of
Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
He has been working as a lecturer at
Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
since 2007. His research interests include
academic integrity, assessment, and
Teaching English as a Foreign Language.
Email: andiantopatak@gmail.com and
apandi3@live.utm.my
Appendix A. Scholars publication by the top three Indonesian universities in fake open
access.

University Publisher Journal Document

Universitas Canadian Center of Asian Social Sociological reconceptualization of social development:
Indonesia. Science and Science With empirical evidence from Surakarta city, Indonesia.
Affiliation ID: Education 10 (11), pp. 283-293.
60069377. Total Reconceptualising political corruption in democratising
Document: societies. 10 (11), pp. 201-209.
3,378. International Relationship between internal quality audit and quality
Number of Education Studies culture toward implementation consistency of ISO 9000 in
Documents for private college of Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. 7 (9), pp.
2014 175-183.
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Science Journal of Improved real-time face recognition based on three level
Data taken at
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OnLine Journal Homology modeling and molecular dynamics studies of ec1
of Biological domain of VE-Cadherin to elucidate docking interaction
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Trade Science Inc. BioTechnology: Various growth factor yields in various platelet rich plasma
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Placental chorionic villus explant culture in xeno-free
medium: A preliminary study. 9 (7), pp. 280-284.
Effect of -carotene on cell proliferation and differentiation
of adipose-derived stem cells into endothelial progenitor
cells. 9 (10), pp. 407-412.
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sciences Pvt Ltd Journal of c virus activities from kalanchoe pinnata. 6 (2), pp. 211-
Pharmacy and 215.
Pharmaceutical Percutane transport profile of caffeine and aminophyllin as
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vitro penetration. 6 (5), pp. 532-538.
Green tea (Camellia sinensis, L.) ethanolic extract as hair
tonic in nutraceutical: Physical stability, hair growth activity
on rats, and safety test.
Preparation and characterization of pragelatinized cassava
starch phthalate as a ph-sensitive polymer for enteric coated
tablet formulation. 6 (SUPPL. 3), pp. 17-23.
Functional analysis of 70% ethanolic extract of akar
kelembak (Rheum officinale Baill.) on 3t3 L1 preadipocyte
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as a stabilizing agent. 6 (7), pp. 462-465.
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Control and
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Research 396-402.
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oil (Nigella sativa L.) nanoemulsion gel. 6 (4), pp. 1162-
1169
Bioethanol production from waste of the cassava peel
(Manihot esculenta) by acid hydrolysis and fermentation
process. 6 (4), pp. 1209-1212.
Study of antioxidant activity and determination of phenol
and flavonoid content of pepino's leaf extract (Solanum
muricatum aiton). 6 (2), pp. 600-606.
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media: Spontaneous chondrogenic differentiation of adipose
tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells. 6 (1), pp. 224-235.
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of Biological fungi (Penicillium sp.) of Annona squamosa. 17 (5), pp.
Sciences. 667-674.
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TNF- locus- 308, TNF- and IL-10 cytokine on cement
factory workers in Indonesia. 17 (3), pp. 419-423.
World Scientific WSEAS Design of GaN based optical modulator with mach-zehnder
and Engineering Transactions on interferometer structure. 13, pp. 229-233.
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Asian Research ARPN Journal of Face recognition using scan-based local face descriptor.
Publishing Network Engineering and 9 (10), pp. 1779-1782.
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Applied prepared by sol gel method. 4 (1), 40101.
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for 2014 Digital Publishing anhydro-Dmannofuranose.
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2014. (8.24 pm) Mathematical 767-773.
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8 (45-48), pp. 2219-2226.
A note on new self-dual [28, 14, 10] codes over GF(7).
8 (73-76), pp. 3737-3745.
Optimal control problem in preventing of swine flu disease
transmission. 8 (69-72), pp. 3501-3512.
Models for the onset of plasma leakage in dengue
haemorrhagic fever. 8 (73-76), pp. 3709-3719.
Observation on sums of powers of integers divisible by 3k -
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3017-3025.
Advanced Studies On the unification of Higgs-Nambu Goldstone boson in the
in Theoretical formation of near-brane exotic scalar via Scherk-Shwarz
Physics breaking in 5-dimensional SU(6) symmetry. . 8 (7), pp.
293-343.
Static hydrodynamic equation in 4d BSBM theory. 8 (23),
pp. 1015-1020.
Asian Network for Journal of Exponential curve modification by linear and nonlinear
Scientific Biological function to fit the fiber length of teakwood (tectona
Information Sciences. grandis). 14 (3), pp. 183-194.
(Science Alert) Synthesis of bio-based nanomaterial from surian (Toona
sinensis roem) wood bark using conventional balls milling
method and its characterization. 14 (3), pp. 204-212.
Innovare Academic International Pegylation of recombinant mutein streptokinase from
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Pharmacy and fibrinolityc activity in vitro. 6 (1), pp. 137-141.
Pharmaceutical
Antimicrobial activity from indonesian urticaceae. 6 (4), pp.
Sciences.
191-193.
Acute and sub chronic toxicity study of ethanol extract of
anredera cordifolia (Ten.) v. steenis leaves. 6 (5), pp. 348-
352.
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species of Zingiberaceae. 6 (7), pp. 142-144.
Isolation, identification of phenylacetic acid from
Streptomyces galbusTP2 strain and its toxicity.6 (5), pp.
643-646.
In vitro antioxidant activities from various extracts of
banana peels using abts, Dpph assays and correlation with
phenolic, Flavonoid, Carotenoid content. 6 (8), pp. 299-303.
Development of jacalin conjugated nanostructured lipid
carriers formula for transcutaneous vaccine delivery. 6 (6),
pp. 542-546.
Formulation and characterization of ascorbyl palmitate
loaded o/w microemulsion. 6 (9), pp. 294-298.
Improvement of carvedilol dissolution rate through
formation of inclusion complex with B-cyclodextrin. 6 (4),
pp. 228-233.
Evaluation of antioxidant capacities, flavonoid, phenolic,
carotenoid content from various extracts of four kinds
brassica herbs. 6 (2), pp. 268-272.
In vitro evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of
Sonchus arvensis leaves. 6 (2), pp. 501-503.
Transesterification of Linoleic acid in grape seed [Vitis
vinifera l.]oiland its analytical method development using
gas chromatography. 6 (4), pp. 528-531.
Anti-obesity effect of the pomegranate leaves ethanol
extract (Punicagranatuml.) in high-fat diet induced mice.
6 (4), pp. 626-631.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory and immunomodulatory
activities of fifteen grades Indonesia orthodox black tea.
Rohdiana, D., Suganda, A.G., Wirasutisna, K.R.,Iwo, M.I.
2014. 6 (5), pp. 39-42.
Antimicrobial activity of standardized piper betel extract
and its mouthwash preparation. 6 (7), pp. 243-246.
Antioxidant capacities from different polarities extractsof
three kinds gingerusingdpph, frapassays andcorrelation with
phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid content. 2014. 6 (7), pp.
521-525.
Development of transdermal nanoemulsion formulation for
simultaneous delivery of protein vaccine and artin-m
adjuvant. 6 (6), pp. 536-546.
Antioxidant capacities from different polarities extracts of
cucurbitaceae leaves using FRAP, DPPH assays and
correlation with phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid content.
6 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 858-862.
The effectivity of captopril, losartan, and amlodipine on
hypertension in rat model of gentamicin-induced renal
failure. 6 (6), pp. 146-151.
Acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies of ethyl acetate
extract of sonchus arvensis L. leaves. 6 (5), pp. 343-347.
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Pharmaceutical of various shells extracts from four species of legumes.
and Clinical 7 (4), pp. 42-46.
Research. Evaluation of antioxidant activities from various extracts of
sweet orange peels using DPPH, FRAP assays and
correlation with phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid content.
7 (3), pp. 186-190.
Journal of Bacterial community structures of planktoic cells and
Biological biofilm at saguling hydro power using denaturing gradient
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JK Welfare & International Pharmacokinetic properties and binding affinity prediction
Pharmascope Journal of of leonurine and its derivatives design on
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chromatography mass spectrometry method for
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from tablet preparation. 6 (5), pp. 1647-1664.
ARPN Journals ARPN Journal of A study on ERP assimilation and benefit realisation based
Engineering and on diffusion of innovation theory. 9 (9), pp. 1409-1416.
Applied Sciences
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Science. An atrazine molecularly imprinted polymer synthesized
using a cooling-heating method with repeated washing: Its
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Synthesis and brine shrimp lethality test of some
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Toxicity test from gloriosa superba l leaves extract in rats
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Synthesis and brine shrimp lethality test of some
benzoxazine and aminomethyl derivatives of eugenol.
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Pvt. Ltd
Anti-obesity effect of the pomegranate leaves ethanol
extract (Punicagranatuml.) in high-fat diet induced mice.
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In vitro antimalarial activity screening of several Indonesian
plants using HRP2 assay. 6 (6), pp. 125-128. Innovare
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determination of S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) in
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