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Form 4

Physics
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The study of matter

Chapter 3:
1 End
Forces & Pressure
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Physics: Chapter 3
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Objectives:
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1) understanding Pressure

2) understanding the Principles

2 End
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Pressure
Pressure = force per unit area
Pressure, P = Force, F , N m-2 or Pa (Pascal)
Area, A
If a fluid (liquid or gas) has a density , its pressure
P, at a point due to the fluid of height h, is given by
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P = gh where g = gravitational field strength
Therefore, for a given liquid, its pressure:
- increases with depth
- increases with density

For a given point in the fluid, its pressure acts

equally in all directions.
3 End
It does not depend on the shape of containers.
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Atmosphere
Atmosphere is the layer of thick air which
surrounds the Earth.
The pressure exerted on the Earths surface by the
atmosphere is the atmospheric pressure, which
< Back can be measured using Fortin barometer or
Aneroid barometer.
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1 atmosphere
= 760 cm Hg
= 10.3 m water
= 101,300 Pa

4 End 1 millibar = 100 Pa

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The Principles
Pascals Principle:
The pressure applied to an enclosed liquid is
transmitted equally to all parts of the liquid.

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Archimedes Principle:
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When an object is immersed in a fluid the buoyant
force on the object is equal in size to the weight of
fluid displaced by the object.

Bernoullis Principle:
When the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure
5 End
of the fluid decreases.
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Summary
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What you have learned:

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1. Understanding Pressure

2. Understanding the Principles

6 End Thank You

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