ALL-FORMULAE

CLASS-10th
SUBJECT- MATHEMATICS
CHAPTER 1
REAL NUMBERS
1 Euclids division lemma: given positive integers a and b, there exist unique integers
q and r satisfying a=bq+r, 0 r< b.
2For any two positive integers a & b :
HCF(a,b) x LCM(a,b) = a x b
CHAPTER 2
POLYNOMIALS
3 Relation between zeroes and coefficients of quadratic equation: If , are two
Zeroes of quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0, then relation between them
b c
+ = and =
a a
4 Relation between zeroes and coefficients of cubic equation: If ,, are three
Zeroes of cubic equation ax3+bx2+cx+d=0, then relation between them
b c d
++= ; ++= and =
a a a
5 Find quadratic equation when zeroes and are given:
x2-(sum of zeroes)x+(product of zeroes)=0
CHAPTER 4
QUADRATIC EQUATION
6 Quadratic formula:
bb2 4ac
X=
2a
Where, a= coefficient of x2
b= coefficient of x
c= constant
b2-4ac is called discriminant (D).
if D=0 b2-4ac=0, then roots are equal and real.
If D>0 b2-4ac >0, then roots are distinct and real.
If D<0 b2-4ac<0, then roots are imaginary.

1
 CHAPTER 5
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
7 Find nth term:
nth term is also known as last term and denoted by an or l.
an = a + (n-1)d.

where an=nth term.

a= first term
n= no. of terms
d= common difference
8.Find common difference:
when an is given in terms of n, then common difference be
d= an-an-1.
Where n=1,2,3
9Find an when sn given:
when sn is given in terms of n, then an be
an= sn-sn-1
where n=1,2,3..
10Find sum to n terms:
n
Sn= [2a + (n-1)d]
2

Where sn= sum to n terms

n= no. of terms
a= first term
d= common difference
11Find sum of n terms when last term is given:
we can also find sn, when last term an or l is given.

Sn= (a+ l)
2

CHAPTER 7
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

12Distance formula:
If A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) are given, then distance between them be
AB=(x2 x1 )2 + (y2 y1 )2 unit
2
13 Section formula:
If A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) are two points joining the line segment AB and an any point P
divide the line segment AB into m1:m2 ratio. Then coordinates of point P is
m1 m2 B
A
(X1,y1) P (x2,y2) 1 2 +2 1 1 2 +2 1
(X,Y) X= and Y=
1 +2 1 +2
14 Area of triangle:
if A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) are three vertices of triangle ABC. Then area of
Triangle
1
ar(ABC) = [x1(y2-y3)+x2(y3-y1)+x3(y1-y2)] sq. unit
2
15 Distance of point from axes:
distance from x-axis= y co-ordinate
distance from y- axis= x co-ordinate
CHAPTER 8
TRIGONOMETRY
15 Ratios between two sides of right angled triangle:

p b p
(i) sin= (ii) cos= (iii) tan=
h h b

b h h
(iv) cot= (v) sec= (vi) cosec=
p b p

Where p= perpendicular
h= hypotenuse
b= base
= any angle
Note :- perpendicular is opposite side of .

Trick to learn-
p b p
=
h h b

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16 Eight identities:

(i)sin2+cos2=1

(ii)sec2-tan2=1
(iii)cosec2-cot2=1
(iv)sincosec=1
(v)cossec=1
(vi)tancot=1
sin
(vii)tan =
cos
cos
(viii)cot =
sin
CHAPTER 12
AREA RELATED TO CIRCLE
17 Area of sector:
2
Area of sector= sq.unit
360
18Area of segment:
Area of segment= Area of corresponding sector- area of corresponding triangle

19Length of arc:
2
length of an arc= unit
360
CHAPTER 13
SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME
20 Cuboid:
Total surface area of cuboid(t.s.a)= 2[lb+bh+lh] sq. unit
Volume of cuboid= lbh unit3 or cube unit
21Cube:
Total surface area of cube= 6l2 sq. unit
Volume of cube=l3 cube unit
22Cylinder:

curve surface area (c.s.a)= 2rh sq. unit

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Total surface area (t.s.a)=2r(r+h) sq. unit
Volume of cylinder= r2h cube unit

23 Cone:
curve surface area=rl sq. unit
Total surface area= r(r+l) sq. unit
Volume of cone= r2h cube unit
length of slant height(l)=2 + 2 unit
24Sphere:
Total surface area of sphere=4r2 sq. unit
4
Volume of sphere= r3 cube unit
3
25Hemisphere:
curve surface area= 2r2 sq. unit
Total surface area=3r2 sq. unit
2
Volume = r3 cube unit
3
26Frustum of cone:
curve surface area of frustum= l(r1+r2) sq. unit
T.S.A= l(r1+r2)+r12+r22 sq. unit
Volume of frustum=h(r12+r22+r1r2) unit3
length of slant height(l)=2 + (1 2 )2

CHAPTER 14
STATISTICS

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27MEAN:
(i)Assuming mean method:-

x= a+
Where x= mean
a= assuming mean
= sum of frequency
(ii)Step deviation method:-

x=a+
xh
28Mode:
1 0
mode of data= l+ xh
21 02
Where l= lower limit
f1=frequency of modal class
f0= frequency of class preceding the modal class
f2= frequency of class succeeding the modal class
h=difference of interval
29 median:


2
median of data= l+( )

Where l= lower limit
n=no. of observation
cf=cumulative frequency of class preceding the median class
f=frequency of median class
h= difference of interval
CHAPTER 15
PROBABILITY
30Probability of an event (E):
Number of outcomes favourable to E
P(E)=
numberof all possible outcomes of the experiment

The probability of sure event is 1

The probability of an impossible event is 0
For any event E, (P)E +P(E)=1,where E stands for not E. E and E are called
Complementary events.

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SHAPE C.S.A T.S.A UNIT VOLUME UNIT
Cuboid 2[lb+bh+lh] Sq.unit lbh Cube unit
Cube 6l 2 Sq.unit l 3 Cube unit
Cylinder 2rh 2r(r+h) Sq.unit r h2 Cube unit
Cone rl r(r+l) Sq.unit r h 2 Cube unit
Frustum l(r1+r2) 2 2
l(r1+r2)+r1 +r2 Sq.unit 2 2
h(r1 +r2 +r1r2) Cube unit
of cone
Sphere 4r2 4r2 Sq.unit 4 Cube unit
r3
3
Hemi 2r2 3r2 Sq.unit r32 Cube unit
sphere 3