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ALUN (LogicalUnitNumber)representsadiskthatwillbepresented
toahost
LUNsarespecifictoSAN(notNAS)protocols
TheclientisknownastheInitiator
ThestoragesystemisknownastheTarget
SANProtocols Fibre Channel(FC)
FibreChannelistheoriginalSANprotocol,andisstillverypopular
Itusesdedicatedadapters,cablesandswitchesandisdifferentthan
EthernetatalllayersoftheOSIstack,includingthephysicallevel
FCPisusedtosendSCSIcommandsovertheFibreChannelnetwork
Fibrechannelisaverystableandreliableprotocol
Itislossless,unlikeTCPandUDP
Itsupportsbandwidthsof2,4,6,8and16Gbps
Fibre ChannelNetworks
Server1sClient
EthernetNIC
ClienttoServer
EthernetData
Network EthernetSwitch
EthernetNIC
Server1
Fibre ChannelNetworks
ServertoStorage FibreChannelHBA
Network
FibreChannelHBA
StorageSystem HostBusAdapter
Fibre ChannelNetworks
Server1sClient
EthernetNIC
ClienttoServer
EthernetData
Network EthernetSwitch
EthernetNIC
Server1
ServertoStorage FibreChannelHBA
Network
FibreChannelHBA
StorageSystem HostBusAdapter
WorldWideNodeNames
FCPusesWWNWorldWideNamesforitsaddressing
WWNsare8byteaddressesmadeupof16hexadecimalcharacters
Theirformatis:15:00:00:f0:8c:08:95:de
TheWWNNWorldWideNodeNameisassignedtoanodeinthe
storagenetwork
ThesameWWNNcanidentifymultiplenetworkinterfacesofasingle
networknode
WorldWidePortNames
AdifferentWWPNWorldWidePortNameisassignedtoeveryindividual
portonanode
AmultiportHBAwillhavedifferentWWPNsoneachport
WWPNsaretheequivalentofMACaddressesinEthernet
TheWWPNisburnedinbythemanufacturerandguaranteedtobeglobally
unique
WWPNsareassignedtoHBAsonboththeclientsandthestoragesystem
WeareprimarilyconcernedwithWWPNs,notWWNNs,whenconfiguring
FibreChannelnetworks
Aliases
Aliasescanbeconfiguredtomakeconfigurationandtroubleshooting
easier
ForexamplewecouldcreateanaliasnamedEXCHANGESERVERfor
theExchangeServerwithWWPN15:00:00:f0:8c:08:95:de
Aliasescanbeconfiguredonboththefibrechannelswitchesandthe
storagesystem
Zoning
Forsecurity,zoningwillbeconfiguredontheswitchestocontrol
whichhostsareallowedtocommunicatewitheachother
Serverswillbeallowedtocommunicatewiththestoragesystem,but
serverswillnotbeallowedtocommunicatewitheachotherover
fibrechannel
Zoning
Storage
20:00:00:02:c9:bb:00:02
AliasNETAPPCTRL1
Zoning
20:00:00:00:c9:bb:00:01 20:00:00:00:c9:bb:00:02
AliasSERVER1 AliasSERVER2
Server1 Server2
LUNMasking
ItiscriticalthattherightLUNispresentedtotherighthost
IfthewronghostisabletoconnecttoaLUNthenitisliabletocorruptit
Zoningpreventsunauthorizedhostsfromreachingthestoragesystem,
butitwillnotpreventahostfromaccessingthewrongLUNonceitgets
there
LUNMaskingisconfiguredonthestoragesystemtolockaLUNdownto
thehostorhostswhoareauthorizedtoaccessit
Tosecureyourstorageyouneedtoconfigurezoningonyourswitches
and LUNmaskingonyourstoragesystem
LUNMasking
Storage
20:00:00:02:c9:bb:00:02
AliasNETAPPCTRL1
20:00:00:00:c9:bb:00:01 20:00:00:00:c9:bb:00:02
AliasSERVER1 AliasSERVER2
Server1 Server2
SwitchDomainIDs
Eachswitchinthefibrechannelnetworkwillbeassignedaunique
DomainID
Oneswitchinthenetworkwillbeautomaticallyassignedasthe
PrincipleSwitch.ItassignsDomainIDstotheotherswitches
Eachswitchlearnsabouttheotherswitchesinthenetworkandhowto
routetothembasedontheirDomainID
FLOGIFabricLogin
WhenaserversorstoragesystemsHBApowersonitwillsendaFLOGI
FabricLoginrequesttoitslocallyattachedfibrechannelswitch
Theswitchwillthenassignita24bitFCIDFibreChannelIDaddress
TheFCIDassignedtohostsismadeupoftheswitchsDomainIDand
theswitchportthehostispluggedinto
TheFCIDissimilartoanIPaddress.Itisusedbyfibrechannelswitches
toroutetrafficbetweenserversandtheirstorage
SwitchesmaintainatableofFCIDtoWWPNaddressmappingsand
whatportthehostislocatedon
TheFabricLogin
Storage
20:00:00:02:c9:bb:10:01
FLOGI
Port8
Port5
FLOGI
20:00:00:00:c9:bb:00:01
Server1
FCNSFibre ChannelNameService
FibrechannelswitchessharetheFLOGIdatabaseinformationwith
eachotherusingtheFCNSFibreChannelNameService
EachswitchinthenetworklearnswhereeachWWPNisandhowto
routetrafficthere
FCNSFibre ChannelNameService
Storage
20:00:00:02:c9:bb:10:01
AliasNETAPPCTRL1
Port8
FCNS
Port5
20:00:00:00:c9:bb:00:01
AliasSERVER1
Server
PLOGIPortLogin
AftertheFLOGIFabricLoginprocessiscomplete,theinitiatorwillsend
thePLOGIPortLogin
Basedonthezoningconfigurationontheswitch,thehostwilllearnits
availabletargetWWPNs
ThePortLogin
Storage
20:00:00:02:c9:bb:10:01
PLOGI
20:00:00:00:c9:bb:00:01
Server1
PLRIProcessLogin
FinallytheinitiatorhostwillsendaPLRIProcessLogintoitstarget
storage
Thestoragesystemwillgrantaccesstothehostbasedonits
configuredLUNmasking
TheProcessLogin
Storage
20:00:00:02:c9:bb:10:01
PLRI
20:00:00:00:c9:bb:00:01
Server1
RedundantSANFabrics
Serversaccesstotheirstoragewillinvariablybemissioncriticalforthe
enterprise,sothereshouldbenosinglepointsoffailure
Redundantfibrechannelnetworkswillbeputinplace,knownasFabric
AandFabricB(orSANAandSANB)
Eachserverandstoragesystemhostwillbeconnectedtobothfabrics
withredundantHBAports
RedundantSANFabrics
Fibrechannelswitchesdistributesharedinformationtoeachother
suchasDomainIDs,theFCNSdatabase,andzoning
IfanerrorinFabricAwasabletopropagatetoFabricBthiswould
bringdownbothfabricsanddroptheserversconnectiontotheir
storage
ForthisreasonswitchesindifferentsidesofthefabricareNOTcross
connectedtoeachother bothsidesofthefabricarekeptphysically
separate
Endhostsareconnectedtobothfabrics,buttheswitchesarenot
RedundantSANFabrics
Storage
20:00:00:02:c9:bb:10:01 20:00:00:02:c9:bb:10:02
AliasNETAPPCTRL1A AliasNETAPPCTRL1B
FABRICA FABRICB
20:00:00:00:c9:bb:00:01 20:00:00:00:c9:bb:00:02
AliasSERVER1A AliasSERVER1B
Server1
RedundantSANFabrics
Waitwehaveatleasttwocontrollersforredundancy,soitwill
actuallylooklikethis
RedundantSANFabrics
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
FABRICA FABRICB
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
Alloftheportsonthestoragesystemwhichinitiatorscanaccesstheir
storagethroughareaddedtoaTargetPortalGroup
Inourexample,portsCTRL1A,CTRL1B,CTRL2AandCTRL2Bare
addedtoaTargetPortalGroup
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
ALUAAsymmetricLogicalUnitAssignment
ALUAAsymmetricLogicalUnitAssignmentisusedbythestorage
systemtotelltheclientwhicharethepreferredpathsforittouse
DirectpathstonodesowningtheLUNaremarkedasoptimizedpaths
Otherpathsaremarkedasnonoptimizedpaths
ALUAAsymmetricLogicalUnitAssignment
LUNS1
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
LUNS1
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
LUNS1
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
LUNS1
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
LUNS1
CTRL1 CTRL2
CTRL1A CTRL1B CTRL2A CTRL2B
DuringtheProcessLogin,initiatorswilldetectportsavailableto
connecttotheirstorageonintheTargetPortalGroup,andALUAwill
notifywhicharethepreferredpaths
Multipathing softwareontheinitiatorwillchoosewhichpathorpaths
totaketothestorage
Allpopularoperatingsystemshavemultipathing softwarewhich
supportsactive/activeoractive/standbypaths
Theclientwillautomaticallyfailovertoanalternatepathiftheoneitis
usingfails
Multipathing
Qlogic SanSurfer
Multipathing
ClientconnectivitytoSANstorageisfundamentallydifferenttohow
Ethernetnetworkingworks
InEthernetnetworking,alltheroutingandswitchingdecisionsare
handledbynetworkinfrastructuredevices
InSANstorage,multipathing intelligenceisenabledontheclientend
hosts
Fibre ChannelMultipathing
InFibreChannel,theinitiatorwillautomaticallydetecttheavailable
pathstoitsstoragethroughtheFLOGI,PLOGIandPLRIprocess
Multipathing softwareontheinitiatorwillthenchoosewhichpathor
pathstouse