INVENTOR, SCIENTISTS AND MATHEMATICIANS

Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790) US scientist who suggested that there

are two kinds of charges, namely, the protons (positive charge) and
electrons (negative charge).

Charles Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806) French physicist. Unit of

electric charge was named after him. According to him, the electric force
for charges at rest has the following properties: The size of the force of
attraction or repulsion b/w 2 charges is directly proportional to the value
of each charge (Coulombs 1st law of electrostatics); the size of the force
varies inversely as the square of the distance b/w the 2 charges
(Coulombs 2nd law of electrostatics).

Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) first proposed the atomic structure in

1912, which Bohr worked with.

Joseph John Thomson (1856-1940) British physicist who discovered

the electron in 1897, which he initially called corpuscles, meaning a living
cell.

Niels Henrik David Bohr (1885-1962) Danish physicist who in 1913

developed a new model of atomic structure called the Bohr Atomic Model.

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (1745-1827) In 1796,

he invented the voltaic pile, the first electric cell-produced a continuous
electric current for the first time on earth. Unit of potential energy per unit
charge (Volt or J/C) was named after him.

Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836) French physicist and

mathematician. Unit of electric current was named after him.

Michael Faraday (1791-1867) an English chemist and physicist who

introduced the concept of representing the electric field with lines. SI unit
of capacitance was named after him. 1 Farad = 1 C/V.
In 1830, he discovered a means by which to convert mechanical energy
into electricity on a large scale, the ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.
Faradays Law states that the magnitude of the emf induced in a circuit
is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux that cuts across
the circuit.

Johann Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) German mathematician,

formulated a law (a.k.a. Gausss Law) that provide a means in determining
the electric field or electric field intensity as produced by charge (point or
distributed).
Cgs unit of magnetic flux density was named after him. 1 Gauss = 1
Mx/cm2.
Wilhelm Weber (1804-1891) German physicist.SI unit of magnetic flux
was named after him.1 Weber = 108 lines or Maxwells.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) Scottish physicist.Cgs unit of
magnetic flux was named after him.1 Maxwell = 1 line of force.
Predicted the theory of electromagnetic wave and develop a loop
method for circuit networks which is known as Mesh Current Analysis.

Paulis Exclusion principle States that each electron in an atom must

have a different set of quantum numbers.

Lenzs law In electromagnetic induction, the current set-up by an

induced voltage tends to create flux whose direction opposes any change
in the existing flux.

Wiegand Effect The effect that describes the ability of a mechanically

stressed ferromagnetic wire to recognized rapid switching of
magnetization when subjected to a DC magnetic field.

Hall Effect The concept whereby a small voltage is generated by a

conductor with current in an external magnetic field.

William Gilbert (1540-1603) English physician and physicist.Cgs unit of

magnetomotive force was named after him. 1 Ampere-turn = 1.257
Gilbert.

Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) Croatian-American engineer. SI unit of

magnetic flux density was named after him. 1 Tesla = 1 Wb/m 2 ; 1 Tesla =
104 Gauss.
A Serbian-American inventor, in 1888, introduced the prototype of the
present day Alternating Current (AC) Generator and motor.

Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) Danish physicist and chemist.

Cgs unit of magnetic field strength was named after him. 1 Oersted = 1
Gb/cm; 1 A/m = 0.01257 Oersted.

Joseph Henry (1791-1878) American physicist. Unit of inductance was

named after him.

Georg Simon Ohm (1787-1854) German physicist who developed the

most fundamental law in electrical circuits relating voltage, current and
resistance. According to Ohms law the current (I) flowing in an electrical
circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage (V) and inversely
proportional to the equivalent resistance (R) of the circuit.

Gunn Effect The appearance of RF current oscillations in a dc-biased

slab of n-type gallium arsenide in a 3.3 kV electric field.

Millmans Theorem deals with the computation of the common voltage

when different voltage sources with resistance are connected in parallel.
Charles Leon Thevenin (1857-1926) French telegraph and engineer. In
applying Thevenins theorem to a circuit, the supplying network can be
replaced by a single voltage source, VTH in series with a single resistance,
RTH.

James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) English physicist. The unit of energy

was named after him.

James Watt (1736-1819) Scottish engineer and inventor. Unit of

electrical power was named after him. 1 Watt = 1 J/s. He measured
another unit of power, the horsepower, used originally to describe an
engines rate of work, which is equivalent to the rate of work exerted by a
horse.

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) German physicist who

formulated the The Laws for Electric Networks (a.k.a. Kirchhoffs Laws)
in 1847.

Nortons Theorem The supplying network can be replaced by a single

current source, IN in parallel with single resistance, RN.

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1886-1888) German physicist who

experimented about the existence of electromagnetic wave. Unit of
frequency was named after him. 1 Hertz = 1 cycles/second.

Charles Fritts In the late 1800s, he built the first genuine solar cell,
whose junctions formed by coating selenium (a semiconductor) with an
extremely thin layer of gold.

Thomas Johann Seebeck German physicist. In 1821, he discovered an

effect (called Seebeck effect) in which electric current is generated when
electrons are driven by thermal energy across a potential difference at the
junction of two conductors made of dissimilar materials (i.e. thermocouple
a device that converts heat into electricity).

William Robert Grove a British physicist who developed the fuel cell in
1839.

Znobe-Thopile Gramme French engineer and inventor. In early

1870s he developed a reversible machine (the Gramme dynamo) that can
be used as a motor or generator.

Jacques-arsne DArsonval (June 8, 1851-Dec. 31, 1940) French

physician and physicist who invented the permanent magnet moving coil,
PMMC in 1882.

Ferdinand Braun (June 6, 1850-April 20, 1918) German physicist who

developed the first cathode ray oscilloscope (the Braun tube) in 1897.
Willem Einthoven (1860-1927) Dutch physiologist who invented the
Electrocardiogram (ECG).

John William Mauchly & J. Prespert Eckert Jr. conceived the concept
of STORED PROGRAM COMPUTING which led to the development of
EDVAC.
They also constructed the ENIAC, the first true general purpose
computer and the UNIVAC, the most successful electronic data processor.

Johann (John) von Neumann (1903-1957) Documented the concept of

stored program computing which is now known as the First Draft.
Built a computer in 1946 at the Institute of Advance Study (IAS),
Princeton, USA, that uses binary numbers and stores information.

William Oughtred An English mathematician who invented the slide

rule in1622.

George Boole (1854) a philosopher, who developed a mathematics

(Boolean algebra) used in expressing, analyzing and designing of digital
electronic circuits.

John Ambrose Fleming Invented the vacuum tube in 1900s.

Lee de Forest Invented the triode in 1906.

Benjamin Burack Constructed the first electrical logic machine in 1936.

George Robert Stibitz Developed the Complex Number Calculator in

1937.

John Vincent Atanasoff Developed the special-purpose electronic

digital computer in 1939.

Howard Aiken Developed the Harvard Mark I (the IBM ASCC) in 1939-
1944.

Maurice Karnaugh Invented the Karnaugh maps in 1950.

Bill Gates & Paul Allen Founded Microsoft in 1975.

Ada Lovelace ADA programming language that is used primarily to

produce DOD massive command and control software systems.

Nicklaus Wirth Developed the PASCAL programming in 1971 and it was

intended for academic use.

Carl Von Linnaeus Swedish scientist who devised the binomial system
of nomenclature.