Creation of layers (or strata) of people who possess unequal shares of scarce resources is called as Social stratification.

There are resources which are very essential for social stratification such as income, wealth, power and prestige,
religion.
CASTE SYSTEM-nabuo noong panahon ng Aryan-Dravidian, Hindi nagtagal dahil ayaw ng mga indo Aryan na ang
kanilang salinhahi ay maging kasing itim ng mga Dravidian. Kayat nagpatupad sila ng diskriminasyon upang
patatagin ang mga Indo Aryan. Nahati ang lipunan sa mga pangkat CASTE. 1. Brahmin-Pari/ 2. S=Kshatriyas-
mandirigma, 3.vaishya- magsasaka/mangangalakal,4. sudras o mga alipin
---It is manifested in the existence of upper and lower social layer. Social class represents each layer in the
stratification system in which the segment of population whose members hold the same amounts of scarce resources,
share values, norms and a distinguishable lifestyle are being indicated.
PILIPINAS---Pre-Spanish EraDATU---gat/lakan, dayang dayang---pinakamataas na taong namumuno sa balangay.
Maharlikapangitnang antas/timawa, Alipin-Saguuiguilid/ Namamahay.
Basis OPEN/CLOSED SYSTEM OPEN----merit and effort. meritocracy. Ex UK-open society groups face a glass ceiling
hadflang sa pa-unlad or advancemen. CLOSED---ascribed---family bg.---(feudalism, landowners and serfs. Political
Factors(societybasis of communism) Ethnicityapartheid regime(racial segregation) in S. AFRICA. 1948-1941
PRINCIPLES
1.Trait of societymga bata sa mga mayayamang angkan vs. mahihirap na angkan.
2. To see!stratification!as!a!trait!of!society!rather!than!one!of!individuals, kinakailangan nating malaman paano
nananatili ang inequality gen-to gen. ex. parents pass their wealth or positions on their children.SOCIAL MOBILITY-ch
in ones position in the social hierarchy.
3. Inequality is mostly a matter of prestige,others, wealth and power-key of differences. More imp, some societies
display more inequality than the others.
4. Any system of inequality gives some people more than others and the society also defines the arrangements as fair.
CASTE SYSTEMascription or birth. CLOSED SYSTEMbirth determines ones destiny
1. groups- specific occupations, so a generation perform tha same type of work.
2. maintaining social their hierarchydepende sa pakakasalan, mixed marriages would blur the ranking of the
children.MORGANATIC-medieval Europe, anak or asawa na galing sa lower class ay walang matatanggap na yaman
mula sa asawa o magulang na may mas mataas na social rank. JAPAN-iba poang kamag-anak ng wife at gamitin ang
apelyido ng asawa to inherit o continue the business of the family. ENDOGAMY
3. Caste norms- company of their own kind
4. powerful cultural beliefs. EXA: C. system in Agrarian societies because life long routines of agri depends on reigid
sense of duty and discipline.
THEORISTSMARX-sa ilang panig ng industrial society----BOURGEOISIES produces wealth (kapitalista),
proletariatworks for bourgeoisie and paid to stay alive. Capitalismprovides people adv. over the others
Nagkaroon ng di pagkakakapantay pantay sa yaman at kapangyarihan. which make class conflict
inevitable>>>>Communistic society.
WEBER-development of sociological theory, personal intentions of people in group cou be understood through
psychological method, n VERSTEHEN (und. soc. behave, by putting yourself in the place of others).
Naniwala din siya na ang rationalisasyon (replacement of traditions, values and emotions for the behavior of society)
ang isa sa makapagpapabagao sa isang pre-ind to an indus society. ex. burukrasya- sistema ng pamahalaan kung saan
ang mga opisyal sa pamahalaan ang gumagawa ng mga importanteng desisyon sa bansa kaysa sa mga naibotong
mamamahala.
He rejected the possibility of an effective communism, dahil ito raw ay magdudulot lamang ng hindi maayos na
pagkontrol at burukrasya kaysa sa isang kapitalistang lipunan. Weber believed that dialectical presumption of
proletariat revolt was very unlikely leading for him to criticize this kind of idea. Hence, he developed the the concept
of life chances and the three-component theory of stratification.
Karl Marx based his conflict theory on the idea that modern society has only two classes of people: the bourgeoisie
and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie are the owners of the means of production: the factories, businesses, and
equipment needed to produce wealth. The proletariat are the workers.
The bourgeoisie in capitalist societies exploit workers. The owners pay them enough to afford food and a place to live,
and the workers, who do not realize they are being exploited, have a false consciousness, or a mistaken sense, that
they are well off. They think they can count on their capitalist bosses to do what was best for them.
Marx foresaw a workers revolution. As the rich grew richer, Marx hypothesized that workers would develop a true
class consciousness, or a sense of shared identity based on their common experience of exploitation by the
bourgeoisie. The workers would unite and rise up in a global revolution. Once the dust settled after the revolution, the
workers would then own the means of production, and the world would become communist. No one stratum would
control the access to wealth. Everything would be owned equally by everyone.
Marxs vision did not come true. As societies modernized and grew larger, the working classes became more educated,
acquiring specific job skills and achieving the kind of financial well-being that Marx never thought possible. Instead of
increased exploitation, they came under the protection of unions and labor laws. Skilled factory workers and
tradespeople eventually began to earn salaries that were similar to, or in some instances greater than, their middle-
class counterparts.

MAX WEBERS VIEW

Max Weber took issue with Marxs seemingly simplistic view of stratification. Weber argued that owning property,
such as factories or equipment, is only part of what determines a persons social class. Social class for Weber included
power and prestige, in addition to property or wealth. People who run corporations without owning them still benefit
from increased production and greater profits.