“ BUILD BACK BETTER” - The SAFETY of our school 6 in your ation, vig} you build residential hot protect their cupants and school buildings that shall set is future: ters for the d laced families «they are counting on YOU! hildren and countrymen nical judgement evacuation during calamiti BRD isoorsparion wits MOHRI & PA, ASSOCIATES INC SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK FOR SCHOOL BUILDINGS FOR SUPERVISING ARCHITECTS, CIVIL ENGINEERS, CONTRACTORS & CONSTRUCTION FOREMEN May 2014 PREPARED BY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY IN COLLABORATION WITH DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION e jtca’ DefieDAcknowledgements: Append B + Natena! Strat Coda of the Poigenes ee aceereleienaen (SCP), version Su; ASEP + Masons and Builders Library volume | (remsed aero ‘ecttion) by Lous M. Dezettel; revised by Tom oe =z Privo + Arcirtectural ¢ Construction Data - Book 9 by — George 8. Saivan Eenioees ee + Manual on Construction Methods and Techniques ————————<— for Buicinge, OPW? eS + Bosic Conatruchon Traning Manval for Tranter, Enoevsone| in em Muller ae ———— + RSmeans-livstrated Constivction Detionary Se me + Buicing Conotructen luotrated = + TEEP “A Layman's Guide to the Construction of = 8 One-Storey, Two-Ciassroom Schoo! Buln | 1 60 dyn a Tete ——— ote i This handbook can likewise be used for the construction of See ote t 1 residential houses. eee — Pe aaa [el T Should there be any conflicting statements, illustrations between retemegomnsemtay — | [> [7 i this handbook and the construction plans and specification, the plans 2 im wae { and specification shall prevail. ersAppend A BBG soumoncrrmcwonsine ncn FORMS CLOSURE REQUEST FOREWORD The destruction caused by natural calamities that had severely affected some parts of the country has brought about the need to. build back better buildings, particularly schoo! buildings, with disaster-resilient standards. Thorough assessments made on the calamity-damaged school buildings, show that proper construction methodologies, effective project supervision and quality control are important factors that would yield better and resilient structures ensuring the safety of the primary occupants - the school children. The task of rebuilding these damaged school buildings is so enormous. Thus, given the limitation of highly experienced technical professionals, this SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK for school buildings is designed to help the supervising Architects/ Engineers, Contractors and Construction Foremen as an easy reference for checking, monitoring and overseeing the construction and repair activities The typical methods as illustrated and simple descriptions in this Handbook are meant to explain the critical processes in building construction, from mobilization to demobilization — including the importance of laying out the building on the ground to the proper construction methodologies up to its completion | therefore enjoin all those concerned technical personnel to use this Handbook as easy reference and proper guidance. noghia . SINGSON Secretar Department of Public Works and HighwaysTABLE OF CONTENTS Safety Gear Basic Construction Equipment Sampling ¢ Testing Requirements of basic materials Site Layout ...... Excavation and Shoring Sail Poisoning Basic Equipment for Soil Poisoning Foundation Works esssessssssssseeseeeee Foundation on Sloping Terrain . Dewatering . Rebar Works Spice Location for Beams ¢ Cantilever Beams Splice Location for Columns Splice Location on Suspended Slabs Spacing € Arrangement of Bars Lintel Beam sesseessssesees Concrete Works Concrete Proportion for Different Types of Structural Members Removal of Forms # Concrete Pourmg of Columns Slump Test Masonry Works Rough-ins (Electrical) ...... Concrete Pouring of Slab on Fill Backfill # Compaction Roof Framing Works Roofing Sheet Installation J-Bolt Installation : Ceiling Works... Job Control Forms Appendices A- Form Closure Request B - Concrete Pouring Request JOB CONTROL FORMS There are two essential job control forms that need to be accomplished by the inspector before concrete pouring on a specific structural member, as follows: |. Form Closure Request (refer to Appendix A) a, The Contractor's Project Engineer conducts a thorough inspection of installed formworks, reinforcing bar works, utility roughing-ins and concrete spacers to make sure that they comply with the construction plans, specification and sound engineering practices. Affixes his/her signature on the “Inspected By” box: The DPWH Project Inspector checks and venihes the same to check on compliance and affixes his/her signature in the “Checked By” box; ¢. The DPWH Project Engineer approves the Form Closure Request by signing the “Approved By” box. 2. Concrete Pouring Request (refer to Appendix B) a. The Contractor's Project Engineer conducts a thorough inspection of installed formworks, reinforcing bar works, utility roughing-ins and concrete spacers to make sure that they comply with the construction plans, specification and sound engineering practices. Affxes his/her signature on the “Inspected By” box; b. The DPWH Project Inspector checks and verifies the same to check on compliance and affixes hisMher signature i the “Checked By” box: c. The DPWH Project Engineer approves the Concrete Pouring Request by signing the “Approved By” box. Note: These forms should always be readily available on site and shall be submitted by the Contractor to the DPWH Project Engineer for appropriate filing 29SAFETY GEAR CEILING WORKS. HARD HAT HIGH (SIBILITY VEST BOOTS SIE ry gear 16 to be supplied to ensure the safety and well-being Safety of the construction workers. GOGGLES e— GLOVES Ficem Board Ceiling Panel 28BASIC CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT One Bagger Mixer p20 Metal Truncated Cone Tester ie Oinaey 8 f i) Vibrator E & dN \ee es Installation In the installation of J-Bolt, two (2) men are required to work simultaneously. One will insert the bolt through the hole from the indoor and the other will fasten the nut outdoor. Before fastening the nut, fit a neoprene gasket then a washer bigger than the gasket. In fastening the nut, precaution must be observed to avoid warping of the G.| Sheet. 3 With Gasket, Washer, # Nut| SS Hook of the J-bolt on the purlin must be perpendicular to the G.I, Sheet. 27J- BOLT INSTALLATION GUIDE Rooling | Sheer? 26 yo Guide Chora + Laying Out In laying out the place- ment for the J-Bolt, make sure that it will be alligned near enough the lip of the putin avoiding it to be drilled when making holes. A guide chord may be str- etched out from end to end of the purlin to establish the desired alignment. Drilling Alter laying out, drilling points should be located at crown every other two corrugations of the roofing material (G.|. Sheets). SAMPLING & TESTING REQUIREMENTS OF BASIC MATERIALS: FREQUENCY | NO, OF er OF TEST _| SAMPLES A WATER one on each | 1, Qialty Test (PH Level source ®, CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT Reged Ue) 1 for every I. Absorpton Test 10 pes. 20,000 pes. 2. Compressive Test lO pes. delvered at ate. C. CONCRETE |, Trial Moc (For cases where ready macs to be used) on plant 1 2 Shum Test ewey Yelvery | 8 3. Temperature Test grey delwery | 5 4. Compressne Test erey deery | 5 D. REINFORCING BARS 1k I. TENSILE Test prea |.) Gece Ganpositen faeries | da. lechancal Comostion n 13 Bera for each swe E. FINE AGGREGATES |. Sere Analysis ; eee, tt ul fic Grant rr 75m> 4. Absorption ES racton 3 5: Mortar Strength Soundnese thereoh &; Organe Impurities 7. Unit Weight 8 Percent Clay Lumps F. COURSE AGGREGATES i. Seve Analysis 3 be peat Ga | per 300 m8 wk Specte Gran 1.500 4 Absopton Ee tedcton 3 5. Abrasion thereot &. Soundness 7. Unt Weight 6G. CEMENT ( 10 kgs. per 1000 bags) Ror every F000] 3 H. G.I, SHEETS (Basemetall |, STEEL COMPONENTS (ex ange bars, Carne ec) | | Gor e0enY q 10,000 kgs. or | 3 per (th Mil Certificate) eed | secon for each sue Testing of matenals should be done in DPWH Testing 5 Laboratones or DPWH Accredited Testing Laboratories:SITE LAYOUT ROOFING SHEET INSTALLATION Proper School Building Eocation Beside Rwver, Greeks Structures/ buildings near or along riverbanks or waterways. % Adopt 40 M setback along shorelines reckoning from the highest water level during hightide. ‘* Structures/ buildings on or adjacent to ground slopes exceeding 100% should adhere to the following requirements. Beside Hill/ Ridges School Builelng, Edges of the sheets Put more J - Bolts’6n \eidy 2 1/2 Min, Corrugation Overlap in. LPL 2XSL51 Sm on every Purlins. 25STEEL TRUSS ERECTION GUIDE Lateral Cross. Bracing © C - Purlins ® Roofing Sheets a . ROOFING SHEET x INSTALLATION This applies if not|using long-span roofing sheets ati school S Building Beside Cliffs Beside Power Lines School Building Beside Tall Trees Cut branches # follage occasionally as adjacent trees grow over time,EXCAVATION AND SHORING Before a worker enters an excavation site (which 1s 1.5 Meters in depth or more than twice the width of the trench). A support structure is needed or the excavated walls must be sloped at an appropnate angle. — FE reeation aston designed to carry soll, ~~" vehicle and matenal loads. Excavation with shoring |> fh designed to carry soll loads only. ROOF FRAMING WORKS STEEL TRUSS: FABRICATION at GROUND LEVEL 2 angie Bor ee 2 sige Br aA io “Top Chord + 2 mle Soe 5 2 ane Boe + 10 mn. Tik = once Pate 1 le Bor *| agate + 2 angle Bar Vio mm. Th i Gusset Place 2 angle Bor sFulweld angie Bar Bottom Chord ~ +2 angie Bar Bottom Chord BASE PLATE ANCHORAGE DETAILBACKFILL AND COMPACTION SOIL POISONING + Dig the desired depth for footings and elevations of slab on grade. * Place the soll abd other debns in the proper disposal area. « Aside from the soil, clear rab all debns. + Compact the soll. L Basic Equipment for Soil — Poisoning Apply soil poisoning before laying the beddings or pouring of lean concrete, Make sure to follow the directions and number of hours required prior to the installation of reinforeing bars. Backfill the footing with the specified type of soll. Before pounng of slab on grade make sure that the soil is well compacted. Compact the Soll at every 200 mm layer prior to soll poisoning. Laying of gravel bed and installation of reinforcing bars.FOUNDATION WORKS TP # Dig the required footing from the natural grade line. @ Pour 50 mm or 100 mm lean concrete or place a 100 mm gravel bed. @ Provide 75mm thick spacer with GOO mm interval bothways. The minimum compressive strength of this spacer should be 1000 ps. # Lay the reinforang bars and te them with no. 16 G.I. wires iam T° Provide starter bars or dowels | to ensure that the forces are transferred to footing * Pour concrete up to the specitied thickness. 1:4 Ceient/ Sand ratio to achieve |,000 psi strength of 8 concrete spacer CONCRETE POURING OF SLAB ON FILL Proper Placing The right way to pour concrete on grade 1s to start from the farthest point working back to the source of concrete mix Defure placing concrete, make sure Ure ferns are: fixed oiled @ cleaned @ dned of any standing water. Make sure that steel reinforcement 1s properly spaced from the formwork. Submerge vibrator into poured concrete mixture from time to time for short Concrete Column Compaction 2iROUGH-INS (ELECTRICAL) FOUNDATION ON SLOPING TERRAIN 2X Footing width rrumum 1:2 max. slope GIS SSS 60° for Rock 30° for Soil DEWATERING Use of Perforated Tube > A perforated tube is dnven into the ground to collect water from the area so that it could be pumped out. A WellpointREBAR WORKS. Splice Location for Beams FOR CONTINOUS BEAMS ty | | S z h | “| Detail of joininky-aninterlor and 1 terior wall in-concrete, block | | _[eonstruction_ ~ + FOR CANTILEVER BEAMS RC. B .C. Beam Pasleceesy Vertical Bars Dowel at 400 mm. O.C. | | oneal =i Vertical Bars at 400 mm O.C. Honzontal Bars at /—* every 3 layers of CHB Provision of Dowels on Columns # Beams framing a Masonry WallMASONRY WORKS ———— Block 1s picked up as } ~4 shown anid shoved f ) | previously laid 7 = - | sal P Su fe Guide line | Mortar Bed a | Joint “=F eee TS vernal bth ate “Sneyery 400 mmOy | “every # layers oFGHB YK Honzontal Bars at e——_~ - Method of layin Concrete Blocks © CHB Cells should be fully filled _Usval practice in applying mortar After erecting 4 layers of CHB. st a © Observe 3-4 hours interval before proceeding with the next layers of CHB 18 Splice Location for Columns = 4 Top of Roof Beamy ‘Proper Splicing at Midepan of Column 2nd Fl Proper Splicing at Midspan of ColumnSplice Location on Suspended Slab SLUMP TEST % Bottom bar splices to be located at supports Foor Rests The slump cone 1s filled to a quarter depth and tamped 25 times- tiling and tamng = repeated three more mes until the cone 1s ful and the top smoothed off. The cone is removed and the slump measured, for consistent mixes, the slump should remain the Same for all samples tested. Usual specification is 5Omm or 75mm slump. > Column Lateral Tieas “ALLOWABLE SLUMP FOR VARIOUS CONCRETE APPLICATIONS | as SLUMP (mm) _+ Beam Top Bars Cee CONSTRUCTION) MAX. _ MIN. Reinforced Foundation Walls and Footings LOOM) Pe Ragioreed Slabs, Beams and 125 50 Be. t Remforced Columns 125 75 Pry Unentorsed Footnas, Cassone, ays | 3nd Substructure Walls 2" 75 25 Compression Test * Provide five (5) cylinders per delivery of e truck on site. These cylinders shall be tested Be Sage Column Vertical Bars: | onthe 7th day. 14th day, 28th day. and the = pe | remaining two (2) would be spares in case that the concrete was mxed using bagger. 4 Minimum of three samples should be tested BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTION DETAIL regardless of volume of concrete. LeRemoval of Forms and Concrete Pouring of Columns ‘Spacing and Arrangement of Bars SPACING REMOVAL OF FORMS AND SHORING TEM DURATION Foundation 24 hrs. INDIVIDUAL TWINNED BUNDLED Suspended Slab except when | 5, days - Aditional loads are imposed a abd Suspended Slab TA days a Beams TA days 5 A./ Columns (sideforms) 7 days 7 days 25mm shall not be bundled Walls (sideforms) ARRANGEMENT (minimum clear distance to guaranty smooth flow of aggregates im the concrete mixture to pass through reinforcing bars). > 3 ‘ SI «x 3 Spacere— 5 omg 8) oY 8 8 & g eee 5 6 3| & Allow concrete mixture to flow through reinforcing bars. 3| = e| sa + Maximum height of placng concrete muture on the form shall be 1,500 ma,Lintel Beam @ CHB Wall Opening 70% 920% 419 mm, dia tier 400 ern —powtt n (OPE 2-12 mm dis Bottom Bars ___——+Lintel Beam CONCRETE WORKS Concrete Proportion for different types of Structural Members for different fypes.of Structural Mert CONCRETE PROPORTION Footings Beams: Columns, Bag Cement 2 cu. tt. Sai 2 112 cv. te.Sand Biv tee | © |i Bag Cement cv. Gravel | Filler Wire| G7 + ee fener wall | BagCement 3 ov. ft. Sand | Approximate Relative Strength of concrete as affected by type of cement 1 amanyemsnesd gee Type.ot COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IN TERMS ‘Cortland OF PERCENTAGE Cement 4 . , ASTM =| I day 7 days | 28days | 3 mos 1 100% 100% | 100% 100% 75% | 85% | 90% 100% ti 190% 120% 110% 1oo% | Vv 55% 55% 75% | 100% Vv 65% 75% 85% 100% ASTM |: General Purpose Cement ASTM Il: Cement for Moderate Sulfate Attack ASTM Ill: High-early Strength Cement ASTM IV: Slow Curing Cement. ASTM V: Cement for Severe Sulfate Attack Cement/ Sand ratio to achieve 500 PSI masonry block strength 1:6 = 25 pes. - 1:6 = 30 pes. - 150 X 200 X 400 CHB 100 X 200 xX 400 CHBSAMPLE FLOW OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES FOR A 2- STOREY STRUCTURE FACET.) (FRERCATINOF OF FERNS) (ENFERCNG kk) ESOS * + ‘ CLEARING eee CPUS | > GTA OOD —9 ("AN | >ECATATION (roSttns) PERMIT. ae OF HOLLOW BLORKS (CH) NS ALAIN (CONCRETE POURING FROSON, IF ey} PBS TAYING OF, RENEDROING ae a FaRuG. oi Pian Bags OR sUSPENDED S OF COLUMN HEIGHT, LeCTaledt Robe Ronis POURING OF REMAINING FEPARAONOE aa Gir SUCBPABED Cea BEAMS AND GIRDERS TSTAIATO OF REE Guim inn “AND ROOF BEAMS: CANTING WORKS— PCTS HP CHP ORDO CH LAYING [eRoUNO AND. (CAR. WARRANT) €—=(GEMOBILIZATION OCCUPANCY PERMIT) €————({CCEP TANCE) CLI PUNCHLISTING