_____________

/ /|
/____________/ |
Itty Bitty Micro Company | _________ | |
8080 Future Drive | | | | |
Rochester, NY 14650 | | ITTY | | |
| | BITTY | | |
| | MICRO | | |
| | | | |
|_____________| |
/ ............ / |
January 22, 1980 / ............ / /
/______________/ /
|_______________|/

Dear Wiz,

I know, I know... the West Coast Computer Faire is coming up FAST!

You SAID you're on vacation; but I KNOW you, man! You're probably
still at home, hacking on that PDP-8 you got at the hamfest.

Well, forget that old crap. THIS IS IMPORTANT! The boards for
Project Z arrived. PLEASE get them assembled and working NOW!
If we don't have something INCREDIBLE for the show, we're dead! I
already talked to Jim Warren, and got a great booth at the show,
right across from Heathkit.

I put everything in the box we could find. You've got the boards
(aren't they GORGEOUS?), all the parts (I hope!), and every scrap
of paper Chip thought you might need. Crash also burned his latest
monitor program into the EPROM, and included a copy on disk.

Remember, this is going to be the world's first POCKET COMPUTER!

There's no time to get a custom case; so for now just stick it in
an Altoids tin. It's a hacker classic, and everyone knows you
can't make a computer that small (but WE can)! In a world full of
big beige boxes, we've got something people will REMEMBER! Aha...
we'll call it the Altaid 8800 -- an Altair in a Altoids tin!

Yours truly,

Gil Bates
Emperor of Marketing
Itty Bitty Micro Company

cc: Chip Hacker, hardware herder

Crash Kernigan, codemeister
Wiz Wireman, solderking
Trace Weaver, PCB artiste

1
2
Introduction
January 1975. My gawd; was it really 40 years ago that the microcomputer revolution began?!? It was
the tipping point of momentous events. You could see the world changing right before your very eyes.
America had just put men on the moon, and the Arab Oil Embargo had shown us that oil was not
forever. And there on the cover of the January issue of Popular Electronics magazine was the MITS
Altair 8800; a computer you could build yourself for only $400.

I was just out of college with a fresh BSEE degree; idealistic, enthusiastic, and out to change the world.
I went to work for Eastman Kodak in Rochester NY. They told me how wonderful the company was,
that film was forever, and that they were the most advanced imaging company in the world.

But when I saw their old tube and relay circuits from the 50's, it reminded me of a story. Two shoe
salesmen arrive in a remote village where everyone goes barefoot. The first salesman writes back,
"Situation hopeless. They don't wear shoes". The second salesman writes, "Prospects unlimited. No one
has shoes yet." I figured Kodak needed shoes; so I set out to make 'em.

By day, I worked inside the system, seeking to reform the dinosaur from within. The other young EEs
and I built digital cameras with a CCD imaging chip. We stored photo albums on audio cassette tapes,
and displayed them on a TV set. We modified photocopiers to print text received from a serial port. We
built systems to replace the messy chemical processing and costly silver with clean modern efficient
electronics. That didn't work out so well. At every turn, management said the electronics weren't good
enough and that film will always be better.

So by night, I built my own computers. And I conspired with other eager experimenters working at
Kodak, 3M, Xerox, Rochester Institute of Technology, and the other high-tech outfits in the area. We
knew the world was changing fast! Microcomputers were exactly the right tool to do it. And we were a
part of it. We were inventing the future!

This is the true (*) story of the computer we made. Or could have made back then, if we'd been just a
little smarter, or luckier, or worked a little harder, or had a little more nerve... or had found you to help!

But now you are part of the team. You've picked up the Altaid 8800 Project where we left off. Build it,
test it, then invent your own incredible new gadgets. Show us what could have been done way back
then, if we'd only known then what we know now. C'mon we're depending on you!

TMSI c/o Lee A. Hart

814 8th Ave N, Sartell MN 56377
(320) 656-9574
leeahart@earthlink.net
http://www.sunrise-ev.com/z80.htm
Rev.C -- August 1, 2017
--
* OK; so it's only partly true. Hey, I'm an old man now! My forgetory is better than my memory. I may
have changed a few names, dates, details, facts, or even made some things up entirely. Sometimes the
facts alone dont tell the whole truth, so a little artistic license is needed to communicate the real story.

Warning: May contain nuts.

3
 A>stat b:*.* ; Table of Contents

Page Bytes Ext Acc

2 188k 24 R/O B:COVER.JPG
3 8k 1 R/O B:INTRO.DOC
5 20k 2 R/O B:HISTORY.DOC
12 8k 1 R/O B:PARTLIST.VIS
14 24k 3 R/O B:ASSEMBLY.DOC
18 84k 11 R/O B:CIRCUIT.SCH
20 8k 1 R/O B:OPCODES.TXT
21 7K 1 R/O B:HOOKUP.DOC
24 11k 2 R/O B:SERIAL.TXT

Bytes remaining on B: 264k

A>_

Wiz,

Here's an 8 floppy disk with all the Project Z files. It holds up to 1.2
megabytes depending on formatting (single- or double-sided; single-, double-, or
extended-density). That's a LOT for 8-bit software. Hey; this is the high-tech way
to do software development in the 1970's!

Yeah, a hard disk would be nice; but then I couldn't send it to you. Besides, they
are insanely expensive. Hobbyists or even small outfits like us can't afford them.
Good thing we're not REALLY poor, or we'd be saving programs on cassette tapes!

It's a CP/M disk. CP/M is the most popular microcomputer disk operating system
around. It's so popular that I hear IBM's PC-DOS is actually a copy of CP/M. If the
disk is missing, or you can't read 8 disks, you can download the files from our
BBS at http://www.sunrise-ev.com/z80.htm
Crash

4
5
 Jan 11, 1975
Hi Gil,
Yeah, I saw it. Interesting! But is it real? They never show the
insides; just a shot of the front panel boards. Seems like an awful
lot of parts. 58 ICs... in a $400 kit? Intel lists the 8080 for $360,
and the 8111 256x4 RAMs are $26 apiece! Sounds too good to be true.
But, I sent for litratur
//////// more information. Let's see what we get.
Before we board this Titanic, may I remind you that it was YOU
who talked me into buying the Mark-8 boards? I've got $400 in it, and
it will take another $400 to get it to do anything more than blink
LEDs. It's more like a bicycle with training wheels than a computer.
And before that, you got me to buy those calculator chips for
$300. Weren't we going to make a killing selling scientific
calculators?
Yours trl
/uly, Chip

February 1, 1975
Chip,

HP was selling their HP35 scientific calcluator for $395 at the time. We bought
10 of those MOS Technology chips for $30 each. And you did build a great desktop
calculator with them! But it took a year to get it done. By that time, you could
buy a Sinclair Scientific for $100. We were right; but too slow!

Still, we did sell enough to brake even. And you got a great calculator out of
it. You learned a lots
X, and I'll bet you used it a million times, designing
circuits and stuff. Money spent on brains and tools is well spent. Am I right?

Tell you what. I'll BUY they

X Mark-8 from you for $400. Use the money to by the
Altair. The Mark-8 will be collectible someday; so I'll probalby make a profit!

Your Fiend, Gil

Feb 20, 1975

Dear "Fiend",
You're right, of course. (Even a broken clock is right twice a
day.) Against my better judgement you talked me into it. As discussed
by phone, I'll pack up the Mark-8 and send it to you. But before you
put it in a glass case and sell it to some museum, PLEASE let me show
you the neat things it can do!
I got the literature from MITS on the Altair 8800. Their System
#1 is now $542... and that's a minimum system, with only a front
panel and 256 bytes of RAM (same as the Mark-8). It has an expansion
bus that sounds great; but their accessory boards are expensive!
I thkink the way to go is buy their minimum system kit, and build
my own memory an I/O boards. Their's are WAY over-priced! (Like you
said, they sell the razors cheap, and make up for it on the blades).
so I placed my order today!
Anxiously awaiting it,
Chip Hacker

6
 JUNE 2, 1975
DEAR GIL,
SORRY FOR NOT WRITING. I'VE BEEN BUSY! IT TOOK MONTHS, BUT THE
ALTAIR ARRIVED. THIS AIN'T NO HEATHKIT. IT TOOK A WEEK TO BUILD. POOR
MANUAL, LOTS OF HAND WIRING (60 WIRES TO THE FRONT PANEL, 100 TO THE
EXPANDER BOARD). AFTER FIXING MISTAKES AND REPLACING SOME BAD PARTS,
I FLIPPED THE SWITCHES TO LOAD A PROGRAM AND IT WORKS! IF WE DO BUILD
A PRODUCT, IT'S -GOT- TO HAVE A GOOD MANUAL AND BE SIMPLE TO BUILD.
I ALSO GOT A TERMINAL... A MODEL 19 ASR BAUDOT TELETYPE! UPPER
CASE ONLY, BUT IT HAS A PAPER TAPE READER/PUNCH (THAT NEEDS FIXING).
MY FIRST PROJECT WAS TO INTERFACE IT TO THE ALTAIR.
OK SO YOU WERE RIGHT AGAIN. THE ALTAIR -HAS- BECOME POPULAR, AND
IS WAY BETTER THAN THE MARK-8. BUT PIECE BY PIECE, I THINK I'M GOING
TO REBUILD EVERY PART OF IT. ITS BETTER BECAUSE I KEEP IMPROVING IT.
EVEN WITH THE MEMORY BOARD FILLED TO 1K, THERES NOT ENOUGH TO DO
MUCH. I GOT MY BAUDOT PRINTER DRIVER WORKING, BUT WITH IT LOADED
THERES NOT ENOUGH ROOM FOR EVEN A MACHINE-LEVEL MONITOR. I HAVE TO
TOGGLE IN A LOADER, THEN IT CAN LOAD A PAPER TAPE WITH A PROGRAM. BUT
THAT TAPE HAS TO INCLUDE A PUNCH PROGRAM IF I EXPECT TO SAVE ANYTHING
TO LOAD LATER.
I GOT A PROTOBOARD AND WIRE-WRAPPED MY SERIAL INTERFACE. ITS JUST
A PARALLEL PORT, TO BIT-BANG SERIAL DATA FOR THE TELETYPE. THERE WAS
LOADS OF ROOM, SO I ADDED A 1702 EROM SOCKET. I PROGRAMMED IT AT
WORK, SO NO MORE TOGGLING IN LOADERS AND HOPING THE PROGRAM WONT'
CRASH, OR WORRYING THAT THE POWER FAILS AND I LOSE IT ALL.
I WAS GOING TO BUILD A MEMORY BOARD, BUT DIDN'T HAVE TO. I HEAR
MITS BOARDS ARE TROUBLE, BUT THERE ARE ALREAADY LOTS OF OTHERS ON THE
MARKET! MEMORY PRICES ARE DROPPING LIKE LEAVES IN FALL. FOR $195 I
GOT A 4K RAM BOARD FROM PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY.
OF COURSE WITH ALL THIS, I HAD TO UPGRADE THE POWER SUPPLY. I'M
ALSO OUT OF CARD SLOTS, AND WILL HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER EXPANDE RBOARD
TO GO MUCH FURTHER. WANNA BUY AN ALTAIR FOR YOUR COLLECTION? THE
IMSAI 8080, WITH ITS BIG MOTHERBOARD AND POWER SUPPLY IS LOOKING
PRETTY GOOD RIGHT NOW.
CHIP
June 8, 1975
Hi Chip!

Good to hear from you, man. I thought you died! But I see you're in turtle mode
again... your head down and puttering slowly and methodically away, while the world
madly races ahead. You do absolutely brilliant work; but it takes you forever.

Have you found anything we can make for the Altair market (that someone ELSE isn't
already doing)? Not memory boards, not BASIC... that's already been done! You want
to sell me the Altair? Then make it DO SOMETHING that someone ELSE (other than you)
would love! How about this... a memory board but with BASIC already in ROM, so it's
there the instant you turn it on. The BASIC can be FREE (not $150 like Altair
BASIC) if it's on a $150 memory board!

Impatiently yours,
Gil Bates

7
 JUNE 22, 1975
HI GIL,
BASIC IN ROM WOULD BE COOL! I CAN BUILD THE BOARD BUT I'M NO
PROGRAMMER. KNOW ANY GOOD ONES? THEY'RE STARTING A COMPUTER CLUB
(R.A.M.S. FOR ROCHESTER AREA MICROCOMPUTER SOCIETY). I'LL START
ASKING AROUND.
MEANWHILE, I CAN SEE THAT A ROM BOARD WOULD BE GREAT. IT WOULD
SAVE HOURS OF LOADING WITH PAPER TAPE (AND MY PUNCH IS STILL GIVING
ME TROUBLE). SO, I STARTED ON A ROM BOARD. ALTAIR BASIC IS 4K, SO
WE'LL NEED 16 1702'S. MAN, THAT'S GOING TO BE EXPENSIVE.
CHIP
Aug 75
Hi Chip!

Summer is nuts here. The old farts go on vacation, so I'm WAY busy. (They all get
6 weeks; I only get a lousy 2, and have to take it when none of them want it).

Don't worry about prices. They will come down FAST! Have you heard of Moore's Law?
Gordon Moore at Intel says they can put TWICE the transistors on a chip every year.
That means chip prices should fall by 2:1 a year. Or more! That 8080 that was $360
in Jan is now $75! You watch: Those $30 1702s will be $10 by Christmas.

So work like hell on that ROM board! Even if we can't sell it, you'll have a
replacement for that flakey old teletype. o o
Gil Bates \__/

OCT 7 1975
DEAR GIL,
GOT THE PARTS, AND WIRE-WRAPPED MY ROM BOARD. THE 1702 IS A MIGHTY
ODD DUCK. READING IT IS BAD, BUT PROGRAMMING IT IS WORSE! AND THE
BOARD HAS TO BE ABLE TO PROGRAM IT, OR THERE WON'T BE ANY WAY FOR A
CUSTOMER TO GET HIS CODE INTO IT.
INTERFACING TO THE ALTAIR BUS IS A MESS. THEY JUST INVENTED IT AS
THEY WENT, WITHOUT MUCH PLANNING. IT TOOK 12 ICS TO SUPPORT JUST 2
EPROMS. BUT IT WORKS! TODAY, I PROGRAMMED MY TELETYPE DRIVER INTO ONE
AND AM USING IT NOW!
WENT TO THE RAMS MEETING. AMAZINGLY, THERE WAS ANOTHER ALTAIR! A
PROF AT RIT DEMOED ONE HE BOUGHT FOR HIS LAB. HE GOT ALTAIR BASIC FOR
IT, AND SAID HE'LL PUNCH A COPY OF THE TAPE FOR ME! BUT HIS TELETYPE
IS ASCII AND MINE IS BAUDOT. NOT SURE HOW I'LL READ IT.
PS: YOU NEED A NAPOLEON HAT FOR YOUR TYPEWRITER ART SELF PORTRAIT.
CHIP

Oct 75
Hi Chip,

Great to hear it, man! I knew you could do it. The RIT connection sound great.
Maybe he could be our first customer? See if he'd like a ROM board for his Altair.
(Putting on my marketing hat). / \
Gil o o
\__/

8
 NOV 11 1975
GIL,
THINGS ARE HAPENING! I WORK ALL DAY, THEN COME HOME AND COMPUTE
TIL 1AM, THEN DO IT ALL AGAIN. CRASH APPLIES TO MORE THAN COMPUTERS.
THE PROF AT RIT HAS A GREAT SETUP. HE GOT EVERYTHING MITS HAD
AVAILABLE (WHICH IS AOBUT HALF WHATS IN THEIR CATALOG). TOOK FOREVER
TO ARRIVE (AND HE'S STILL WAITING FOR STUFF).
I TOOK MY ALTAIR OVER THERE, AND SHOWED HIM MY ROM BOARD. HE LOVED
IT! I OFFERED TO MAKE ONE FOR HIM, AND HE'LL PUT BASIC IN THE ROMS
AND GIVE A SET TO ME.
YEAH YEAH, I CAN HEAR YOU NOW. YOU GAVE IT AWAY FOR FREE? IDIOT!
BUT THINK... THERE'S NO WAY 2 GUYS IN A GARAGE CAN GET A PURCHASE
ORDER FROM THE U. BESIDES, THEY TAKE MONTHS TO PAY. BUT HE IS GIVING
ME BASIC, AND THE ROMS! THATS OVER $200 WORTH OF IC'S ALONE!
CHIP(PING AWAY AT IT)

Dec 2, 1975
Chip,

That's fantastic! No, I think you're using your head. You're actually DELIVERING
something, AND to an important client that can do lots of good things for us.
Pogo: Brains is better'n money, 'cause brains'll GIT you money.
Albert: "Yeah? Who's buyin? I got brains I never use!"

On purchase orders: We ARE going to have to set up a company to look professional.

I'll get working on it! _______
/ /|
Gil | ::::::|| (look, it's an Altair!)
|. :::::|/

PS: SD Sales has 1702's for $6.95 in the Jan 1976 BYTE. See? Moore's Law rules!

JAN 16, 1976

MERRY CHRISTMAS, AND HAPPY NEW YEAR!
MY PRESENT WAS THAT I GOT MY NEW ROM BOARD WORKING. MANY
IMPROVEMENTS OVER THE 1ST ONE. I LUGGED MY SYSTEM OVER TO RIT LAST
NIGHT, AND WE WORKED ON IT TIL 1AM. I WROTE A UTILITY TO TRANSFER
BASIC BY LOADING THE ASCII TAPE WITH HIS TELETYPE, AND SAVING IT AS
BAUDOT TO MY PUNCH. IT DIDN'T WORK...
BUT THE NEW ROM BOARD DID WORK! SO WE LOADED BASIC IN HIS ALTAIR,
THEN TOGGLED IN MY BURNER CODE, AND PROGRAMMED A SET OF EPROMS FOR
HIM. BUT IT WOULDN'T RUN FROM ROM FOR SOME REASON. HE HAD A HOT
STUDENT THERE, WHO WAS STILL HACKING ON IT WHEN I HAD TO LEAVE.
SO TODAY HE CALLED. IT WORKS! HE JUST HAD TO PATCH THE I/O AND RAM
STARTING ADDRESSES. AND, HE BURNED A SET OF ROMS FOR ME. I PICKED 'EM
UP AFTER WORK, AND COULDN'T WAIT TO INSTALL THEM. IT TOOK ME A WHILE
TO MODIFY MY BAUDOT DRIVER TO WORK WITH IT... BUT THEN BASIC CAME UP!
THE ONLY PROBLEM (AFTER A QUICK TEST) IS THAT BAUDOT IS MISSING
MANY PUNCTUATION CHARACTERS THAT BASIC USES. NOT SURE HOW I'LL DEAL
WITH THAT. BUT I JUST HAD TO WRITE AND TELL YOU THE NEWS!

CHIP
9
 Jan 26, 1976
Hi Chip,

I had a GREAT time at your place last weekend! Thanks so much for putting up with
me. It's INCREDIBLE that you built a computer more powerful than Apollo's AGC-1
that flew men to the moon! The contrast between it and your clattering old WW2
veeblefetzer of a printer is particularly striking.

I apologize again for monopolizing your computer all day... and all night... and
most of the next day. I almost got my stock-picker program working, but ran out of
memory. It's just so friggin' AMAZING to have a machine that you can actually
program to do what you want RIGHT NOW, without having to wait in line or submit
your deck to be run overnight. The possibilities are ENDLESS! Have you read Ted
Nelson's "Computer Lib / Dream Machines" yet? We are living in the future RIGHT NOW!

Can we commercialize your ROM board? Please? NOW? People are DYING to get computers
that work as well as yours (me included). This is an expensive hobby; to go
anyplace, we need to find SOME way to pay for it.

I got a name for our company. How about Itty Bitty Micro Company? That pretty much
describes us. And the initials are "IBM". o o
Gil \___/

19 MARCH 1976
HI GIL,
MY ROM BOARD IS JUST A DEVELOPMENT TOOL... A TOOL YOU HAVE TO MAKE
FIRST, TO BUILD THE THINGS YOU REALLY NEED. LOTSA PROBLEMS SELLING IT:
1. 1702'S ARE TOO SMALL; TAKES TOO MANY. THERE'S A NEW 2708 CHIP
THATS BETTER. 4 TIMES BIGGER, MUCH EASIER TO USE. AND IT HAS SPARE
PINS, SO EVEN BETTER VERSIONS ARE COMING (THAT MOORE'S LAW THING).
2. IT COSTS LIKE $1000 TO GET A PCB LAID OUT AND BUILT. WE DON'T
HAVE THAT KIND OF MONEY! CAN WE FIND SOMEONE WHOSE GOOD AT IT THAT
MIGHT WORK IN TRADE FOR A COMPUTER?
3. WE CAN'T SELL ALTAIR'S BASIC. (DID YOU SEE BILL GATES OPEN
LETTER? PIRACY, LAWYERS, JAIL!) WE HAVE TO FIND ONE OF OUR OWN. BUT
GUYS ARE WORKING ON A PUBLIC-DOMAIN BASIC. PEOPLE'S COMPUTER COMPANY
IS WORKING ON EXACTLY THAT!
4. YOU'RE RIGHT... THINGS ARE MOVING FAST! BY THE TIME WE SOLVE
THESE ISSUES, A DOZEN OTHER GUYS WILL ALREADY BE SELLING ROM BOARDS.
WE HAVE TO THINK AHEAD, AND FIGURE OUT WHAT WILL HAPPEN NEXT, AND
THEN BUILD THAT.
I THINK WE NEED TO WALK BEFORE WE RUN. KEEP LEARNING, AND BUILDING
TOOLS. YES, WE NEED MORE MEMORY. BUT LET OTHER PEOPLE BUILD ROM AND
RAM BOARDS FOR US. THAT'S WHAT EVERYONE ELSE IS ALREADY MAKING.
RICHIE KERNIGAN (THE RIT GUY THAT GOT MY BASIC WORKING) IS A SOFT-
WARE GENIUS. HE MEMORIZED THE OPCODES AND ASSEMBLES CODE IN HIS HEAD!
I'M BUILDING A COMPUTER FOR HIM, AND HE'S WRITING THE CODE FOR ME.
WE'RE WORKING ON SOMETHING YOU'LL LIKE. IT'S LIKE DON LANCASTER'S
"TV TYPEWRITER", BUT IT WILL DISPLAY A SECTION OF THE COMPUTER'S
MEMORY ON A TV SCREEN. WAY FASTER, CHEAPER, AND SIMPLER! WE THINK
SOME KIND OF COMBINED COMPUTER AND TV TYPEWRITER IS THE WAY TO GO!
CHIP

(More history to follow. But jumping ahead...)

10
 Compuserve Email v1.2 <M>enu <N>ext <P>revious <Q>uit <H>elp

SUBJECT: Parts List

DATE: 23 January 1980
FROM: chip8080
TO: wizwireman

Wiz,
Gil says to send you a set of boards and parts. OK, I mailed it out today...
hopefully to the right address! Knowing you, if it arrives by noon it will be built
by midnite. I swear, you wire things faster than I can draw the schematics.
Two boards; so two bags of parts, and two Visicalc parts lists. Keep them
separate, as each board has the same designators (C1, R1, U1, etc.) for DIFFERENT
parts. Don't mix 'em up, or debugging will be "entertaining"!
"Source" shows replacement part numbers; but I sent what I had on hand. That
means the numbers on some parts are different from the "source" numbers (especially
the resistor networks). No worries, mate! We built 2 with these parts, and they
WORK! Check the resistors with an ohmmeter if you're not sure it's the right value.
Here are the substitutions I can think of right now.

CPU board: U8 is an LM2940 (a low dropout regulator; better than the 7805)

Front Panel: J1,J2,J3: I sent 3 10-pin sockets. Cut 1 to make a 4-pin and two 2-pin.
C2 is blue, marked 475. Yes, it really *is* 4.7uF!
U5 is an unmarked black tube with 2 wires at each end. Dot is LED "-".
Y2 is a 1 diameter brass disk, with a wire soldered to it.

I included a Jameco ad, with pictures and notes to identify the parts. Also
prices; but it's from an old issue of Byte magazine so they have changed a bit.
Between the ad and parts list, you'll figure it out. Yell if you have any questions!
--
Chip Hacker | There ain't no rules around here.
Chief (and only) engineer | We're trying to accomplish something!
Itty Bitty Micro Company | Thomas A. Edison

n n
SUBJECT: Re: Parts for Project Z
n DATE: 27 January 1980 n
FROM: wizwireman
n TO: chip8080 n

n Got yer email, Chip. Will let you n

know when the package arrives.
n n
Any assembly instructions? You want
n it done fast, or cheap, or right? n
Pick one. If "fast", I've got just
n the kid to do it! n
--
n Willard Wireman n
Senior Technician
n Eastern Coat Rack Company n
A future to hang your hat on
n n

11
 Z80 MEMBERSHIP CARD - PARTS LIST
A B C D
1 QTY ITEM DESCRIPTION SOURCE
2 --- ---- ------------------------------------- ------------------
3 1 C1 capacitor 4.7uF 16vdc tantalum J 94035
4 1 C2 capacitor 33uF 10vdc electrolytic D 493-1730-ND
5 3 C3-5 capacitor 0.1uF 50v X7R ceramic 0.1LS J 1570161
6 1 C6 capacitor 0.1uF X7R ceramic 0.2LS J 544921
7 2 P1,2 header 30-pin 0.025sq pins 0.1LS J 103342
8 2 R1,2 resistor 1 meg 5% 1/4w carbon film J 691585
9 1 R3 resistor 2.2K x 5 10-pin SIP isolated D 4610X-2-222LF-ND
10 1 R4 resistor 2.2K x 7 8-pin SIP bussed D 4608X-1-222LF-ND
11 1 R5 resistor 2K x 3 6-pin SIP isolated D 4606X-2-202LF-ND
12 1 U1 Z80A CPU NMOS (or Z84C00 CMOS) J 35596
13 1 U1s socket 40-pin IC low height D ED5640-ND
14 1 U2 32K x 8 RAM (62256 etc.) J 42850
15 1 U3 32K x 8 EPROM (programmed with ZMC v1.5) J 39731
16 2 U2s,U3s socket 28-pin IC low height D ED5628-ND
17 1 U4 74HC368 hex tri-state inverter D 296-33074-5-ND
18 1 U5 74HC138 3-to-8 decoder J 45330
19 1 U6 74HC273 octal D flip-flop J 45743
20 1 U7 74HC245 octal transceiver J 45671
21 1 U8 LM2940CT-5 or LM7805CT 5v 1 amp regulator J 107182
22 1 Y1 resonator 4 MHz with capacitors D 490-1208-ND
23 1 PCB Z80 Membership Card PC board, (c) 2017 TMSI (that's me!)
24 1 CASE Altoids candy tin candy store

Z80 MEMBERSHIP CARD FRONT PANEL - PARTS LIST

A B C D
1 QTY ITEM DESCRIPTION SOURCE
2 --- ---- ------------------------------------- ----------------
3 1 C1 capacitor 4.7uF 16vdc tantalum J 94035
4 1 C2 capacitor 4.7uF 25v X7R ceramic 0.1LS D 445-8309-ND
5 3 C3-5 capacitor 0.1uF 50v X7R ceramic 0.1LS J 1570161
6 1 D1 LED display 7seg 7digit Rohm LS-2074M2G P 19391-OP
7 2 D2,D3 1N4148 100v 0.3a diode small signal J 179215
8 3 J2a,b,c socket 10-pin Molex 22-18-2101 D WM3241-ND
9 2 J1,3 socket 2-pin (cut from end of J2c)
10 1 P1 header 6-pin 0.025sq pins 0.1LS J 153700
11 3 Q1,2,3 NPN transistor w.22K/47K FJN3307R D FJN3303RTACT-ND
12 2 Q4,5 PNP transistor w.22K/22K FJN4303R D FJN4303RTACT-ND
13 3 R1,2,4 resistor 10K x 4 5-pin SIP bussed D 4605X-101-103LF
14 1 R3 resistor 3.3K 5% 1/4w carbon film J 690988
15 1 R5 resistor 100 x 3 6-pin SIP isolated D 4606X-102-101LF
16 1 R6 resistor 100 x 4 8-pin SIP isolated D 987-1253-ND
17 16 S0-F pushbutton switch, tactile D EG1832-ND
18 1 U1 74HC4040 12-bit binary counter J 45920
19 1 U2 74HC393 dual 4-bit binary counter J 251504
20 1 U3 74LS145 BCD-to-decimal decoder/driver D 296-1641-5-ND
21 1 U4 74HC05 hex inverter, open collector J 88081
22 1 U5 LED-resistor optocoupler Clairex CLI-6000 E G15396B
23 1 Y2 piezo speaker 2KHz PUI Audio AB2720BLW D 668-1405-ND
24 1 PCB Z80 Membership Card Front Panel, rev.C TMSI (me again)

Sources: B=bgmicro.com D=digikey.com E=goldmine-elec.com J=jameco.com P=mpja.com

Boards, parts, and complete kits available from TMSI c/o Lee Hart at <www.sunrise-ev.com/z80.htm>.

12
13
 Compuserve Email v1.2 <M>enu <N>ext <P>revious <Q>uit <H>elp

SUBJECT: Assembly Instructions

DATE: 27 Jan 1980
FROM: chip8080
TO: wizwireman

Hah. Be nice, or I'll tell Gil what you're REALLY doing on vacation!

No, I haven't written a proper assembly manual (yet). The boards we built here are
kind of learn-as-we-go things, so I could check out the hardware, and Crash could
debug the software. We still need to work out the best way to assemble them.

Tracey did a fantastic job on the layout! You got rev.C boards (just be glad you
didn't get the rev.A boards). Here are some "goodies" and "gotchas" that may help:

Thinking Inside the Box:

1. If you want it to fit in an Altoids box with the LID CLOSED, it takes some extra
effort to get the boards very close together:

a. Cut the leads on the back sides of the boards VERY SHORT. Otherwise, they
will short to the metal Altoids case or between boards.

b. Don't use normal IC sockets; they are too tall. I sent ultra-low-profile
sockets for the Z80 and memory chips. If you want to socket everything,
get more (digikey.com ED53##-ND, where ## is the number of pins), or use
socket pins (digikey.com ED5037-ND).

c. REMOVE the plastic body of the 30-pin headers to get the boards closer
together. I did it like this:
- Push the pins into the plastic bodies, so the plastic is at one end.
- Insert them with the plastic body on the BOTTOM of the board.
- Use a toothpick, scrap of cardboard, etc. between the board and plastic
body so the height of the pin on top of the board is 1/4" (6.35mm).
- Solder the pins on the TOP side.
- Pry off the plastic body. Work a knife or small screwdriver between the
plastic body and the board, a little at a time, to get it off.
- If any pins are crooked, or the wrong height, or need to be resoldered,
stick the plastic body (or a piece of it) back on the TOP end of the
pins, to act as a jig to hold them in place.
- Re-solder the pins from the bottom (the plastic holds them in place).
- Cut off the extra pin length on the bottom of the board.
- Now you can remove the plastic body. Or, put it on the stubs of the pins
on the bottom, to act as a spacer so things don't short to the case.

2. If you DON'T CARE about putting it in an Altoids box, or are willing to remove
the top cover of the box, assembly is much easier. Just solder the headers on
top of the CPU board as usual. The boards wind up being spaced 0.1 farther
apart. That gives you enough room to use ordinary IC sockets, too.

Male? Female? Keying?

I put male pins on the CPU board, and female sockets on the BOTTOM of the Front
Panel board. That way, you can use the CPU board by itself. It's easier to get
female connectors that accept individual wires, or ones that mount on other boards
(like the Front Panel). Additional boards can have female sockets on the bottom and
male pins on top, so they all stack together. But there is no keying! Watch out for
this. If you have any ideas for keying, let me know.
-- Chip

14
Z80 Membership Card Assembly Details
--------------------------------------
Here's a Polaroid of the board, with comments on
top, and are soldered on the bottom. Cut off the
as short as possible, so they won't cause shorts
installing each part, CIRCLE the designator (U7,
assembling it. All parts go on
excess lead length on the bottom
to the Altoids case! As you finish
C6 etc.) so you know it's done.

Watch out for the polarity of the ICs, C1, C2, and the SIP resistors. The part
numbers printed on them should be right side up in this view.

U7 74HC245. Pin 1 goes R5 2K 6-pin SIP. black, Note: C1 and C2 +/-

on the left. The end marked 6B202G. pin 1 left-> point in opposite
with the ___ directions!
notch or / C5 0.1uF ___ ___-
dot marks yellow, marked 104 C2 33uF ___
pin 1 --> ////////// ___+ black, +
___ C1 4.7uF ___ - wire on top,
C6 0.1uF yellow, - + wire bottom
yellow, ___ + wire on top,
marked 104, - wire bottom P2 30-pin header.
is 0.2" wide Install it the
same was as
U6 74HC273. Pin 1 described for
on left end. P1 (below).

U4 74HC368. Pin 1 U8 LM2940. Metal

on left end. tab is against
the board. Add
Y1 4MHz resonator screw and nut
blue, if desired.
3 pins
_____ U3 socket first,
R1 1meg _ ___ then EPROM IC.
brn-blk-grn-gold Pin 1 on left.
Push hard!
U1 Z80. Solder
socket 1st, then U2 socket first,
plug in Z80. then RAM IC.
Socket is TIGHT, Pin 1 on left.
so push hard! Push hard!
___
C3 0.1uF ___ P1 30-pin header.
yellow marked 104 1. Push pins
_____ into body.
R2 1meg _ ___ - -->
brn-blk-grn-gold
___ 2. Put on board
C4 0.1uF ___ R3 2k 10-pin SIP. U5 74HC138. with body on
yellow, marked 104 black, Pin 1 at bottom
pin 1--> left end so pin
R4 2.2k 8-pin SIP. Marked 10B222G is 1/4"
red, Pin 1 at left end. (6.35mm) high
pin 1->
Marked L81S222. Pin 1 at left end. 3. Solder on top.

Hint for P1 and P2: If your solder joints look ugly, push one 4. Cut off body
of the mating female connectors for J1 (in the bag of parts for and excess pin
the Front Panel) on the TOP of the pins to hold them in place. length
Then solder the pins again from the BOTTOM side to make the on the
joints look pretty. Remove the female connectors when done. bottom.

15
Z80 Front Panel Card Assembly Details
---------------------------------------
Here's a Polaroid of the Front Panel board, with a few more "hints and kinks". All
parts go on top, EXCEPT the female sockets at J1, J2, and J3. As usual, watch out
for +/- polarity and pin 1's. Circle the designators as you install each part.

Serial I/O: There are TWO ways to assemble it. Do ONE of the following (a or b):

a. Real RS-232 serial I/O, with idle = -5v to -12v, active = +5v to +12v:
Install Q1, Q4, D2, R3, and C2.

b. TTL serial I/O, with idle = +3v to +5v, active = 0v (i.e. USB-serial adapters):
Install scrap pieces of wire as shorting jumpers in place of Q1 and Q4.
___
Transistors Q1-Q5: C5 0.1uF ___ U1 74HC4040. Q1: Serial input:
Install P1, D1, and marked 104 pin 1 on left a. For RS-232:
switches FIRST. Then ___+ Q1 = FJN3307R.
install transistors C1 4.7uF ___ U2 74HC393. marked R3307
with flat side UP. yellow - pin 1 left. b. TTL: no Q1;
Bend the leads so it + wire on top install jumper
is as close to the - on bottom P1 6-pin header. ( O O ) wire
board as possible Lay it FLAT. Remove pin 2. \ O / at Q1.
(no higher than the ___ \/
switches, P1 or D1). C3 0.1uF ___ Q4: Serial output:
,, marked 104 a. For RS-232:
' '''' Q4 = FJN4303R.
Q1-Q5 marked R4303
b. TTL: no Q4;
Emitter Base install jumper
Collector ( O O ) wire
\ O / at Q4.
Q3 FJN3307R.
marked R3307 D3 1N4148 diode.
___ Band end left
C4 0.1uF ___ D2 1N4148 diode.
marked 104 Band end up
a. RS-232: add D2
S0-SF Pushbutton. b. TTL: no D2
16 switches _____
in 16 places R3 3.3K_____
org-org-red-gold
R1 10K 5-pin SIP. a. RS-232: add R3
black, b. TTL: no R3
marked ___
L51S103 C2 4.7uF ___
marked 475
Q2 FJN3307R. a. RS-232: add C2
marked R3307 b. TTL: no C2

Q5 FJN4303R. R5 100 6-pin SIP.

marked R4303 yellow,
marked
U3 74LS145. R4 10K 5-pin SIP U5 Optocoupler____ 6X-2-101LF.
pin 1 left black, black, o/ / \o Pin 1 bottom.
marked 4 pins o\ \ - /o
R2 10K 5-pin SIP. L51S103 Put lead with dot R6 100 8-pin SIP.
black, in top right hole blue,
marked U4 74HC05. marked
L51S103. Pin 1 left pin 1 left D1 LED display. Trim its CTSK003.
toenails so it sits level Pin 1 on left.

16
Z80 Front Panel Card Assembly Details (continued)
---------------------------------------------------
J1, J2, and J3 -- We actually need one 24-pin socket (J2), and two 2-pin sockets
(J1 and J3). All I could get were 10-pin parts. You need to cut one of the 10-pin
connectors to make a 4-pin, and two 2-pin connectors. Use the 4-pin piece with two
of the 10-pin parts to make the 24-pin socket. Here's how to cut it:

1. Lay the socket on the table with the pins pointing away from you, and the two
ears at the ends pointing up. There is a tiny 1 at the right end, and a
tiny 10 at the left end. These are the pin numbers.

6 3 <--pins to remove
pin 10--> <--pin 1
<--body of socket
|||||||||| <--slots that hold the pins in
"ear"--> __________ <--"ear"

2. Use a small screwdriver to push down the tab inside the slots of pins 3 and 6.
Now pull pins 3 and 6 out of the body.
3. Using a sharp knife or hacksaw, CUT the socket in the middle of pin positions
3 and 6. This gives you a 4-pin, and two 2-pin sockets with ragged cut ends.
4. Trim and smooth the cut ends to satisfy your artistic sense. (They won't get
in the way; they just look ugly.) You can use a knife, sandpaper, file, etc.

Install these female sockets on the BOTTOM (soldered side) of the board. There
are pairs of holes for each one. Solder the pins of the socket into the INNER
holes that are AWAY from the edge of the board.

Like this... J1 2-pin socket. Install it on the BOTTOM, solder it on top.

J3 2-pin socket. Install it the same as J1.
edge of PC board J2 and J3 aren't being used as connectors. They are
___ just spacers to hold the two boards apart.
hole o o hole J2 24-pin socket. Install a 10-pin socket at pins 1-10
pin ===o___ (in the lower right corner of the photo on page 16).
/ "ear" Install a 2nd 10-pin socket next to it at pins 11-20.
/ \ Install the 4-pin socket piece next at pins 21-24.
top of bottom There will be NO SOCKET at pins 25-30. These pins
board of board aren't used by the Front Panel. Besides, they get in
the way of regulator U8 on the Z80 board.

Y2 Piezoelectric Speaker -- This is a brass disk about 1 in diameter. It sits

on top of U2 and U3, so install it after everything else is on the board.

1. Solder a 1/2" (12mm) piece of scrap wire in | DISPLAY D1 |

each of the 3 holes that outline the disk. | _______________ |
2. Lay a strip of paper between the wires to |__| ______PIEZO |__|
space the disk up so it won't touch U2-U3. O _/ \_ O __ OY2
(If it touches, it dampens the sound.) __ / __ __\ | | __
3. Lay the disk on top, silver side up. | / | | | |\|U5| | |
Put the wire in the hole labeled "Y2". | | | | | | | | |
4. Bend the other 3 wires to touch the edges | | | | | | | | | | |
of the disk, and solder them to the edges. | \ |U2| |U3|/ | | |U4|
Cut off any excess wire length. |U1|\_ _/ R2| |R4
5. Remove the paper. There should be a small __O \______/ __ __
air space between the disk and U2-U3. |S7| |S8| |S9| |SA|
6. Finally, solder the last wire from the top |__| |__| |__| |__|
of the disk into the hole labeled "Y2".
Mounting Piezo Speaker Y2
That's it! You're done! on the Front Panel

17
18
19
The Z80 instruction set is powerful, but complex. Any attempt to summarize it is bound to be confusing.
Here are a couple examples on how to interpret the above Quick Reference:

- INC HL (increment register pair HL) is in the top left chart. INC=x3, and HL=2x; so the opcode is 23.
- ADD C is a math operation, so look in Moves & Ops chart. +=8x, and C=x1; so the opcode is 81.

20
 Background: (not part of the manual)

Chip Hacker
-----------
The hardware designer. He starts with a Mark-8, then switches to an Altair 8800,
and keeps upgrading it until there's nothing original left of it. Gets tired of all
the problems, and buys a Heathkit H8.

When the Z80 comes out, he recognizes it as superior to the 8080, and builds a CPU
board with it. Adds memory, then parallel and serial I/O. Then a keypad and LEDs to
make a front panel like the H8. It winds up a single-board computer that evolves
into the Z80 Membership Card.

Gil Bates
---------
The idea man and marketing manager. Always looking ahead for the next new thing.
He realizes that:

1. Computers are a BIG DEAL that will change the world.

2. The change is happening fast. You can't succeed by copying what other people
are doing, or looking just one step ahead.
3. Computers come in big beige boxes. People prefer SMALL packages
(calculator-sized) that they can take anywhere.
4. Sees that microcomputers need lots of hacking to make them work.
But sees how successful Apple is selling computers for the rest of us.
5. Sees that people are insanely focused on CHEAP,
but traditional computers are expensive.
6. So he's out to make something Small, Easy to use, and Cheap, but that's
ahead of what everyone else is doing.

Tracy (Trace) Weaver

--------------------
She enters the picture when they need to get PCBs laid out. She works at a firm
where she can borrow CAD time to do it. Can layout boards that pack the parts
much tighter than is normally done at the time (smaller, lower cost).

Willard (Wiz) Wireman

---------------------
He enters as a tech. Can build things faster than Chip, so things get done quickly.
But he has poor attention to detail (thus the inclusion of assembly instructions).

Richie C (Crash) Kernigan

-------------------------
Software genius. Writes the software. The name is a play on C creators Dennis
Ritchie and Brian Kernighan. I mis-spelled it on purpose. If it's still too close
for comfort, I figure I can use Crash Runagain.

Changes
-------
Z80 board, rev.A:
R3 was 2k, now 2.2k
C1 was 3.3uF, now 4.7uF
Front Panel board, rev.B:
U4 was 74LS01, now 74HC05
Front Panel board, rev.C:
added D3 (stops TXD from affecting RXD if nothing is connected to RXD)
Jul 17, 2017: CPU board R4 changed from black SMTA222G to red L81S222.
Jul 30, 2017: changed from ZMCv1.1 to ZMCv1.5 EPROM.

21