Madina Book2 Notes PDF

ARIC Arabic Class Notes
Part 6 (ver. 11)
Topics

Interrogative Or
Having or Possessing
He/It is not
Comparative & Superlative degrees
Numbers 11 20
The Verbal Sentence

Present and Future Tense Verb

Moods of Verbs
Imperative Verb
Visit www.AbdurRahman.org for more resource 1

Revision History
Date Ver Author Revision Comments

Aug. 8, 2010 1 Zahid Naeem Initial version.
Aug. 14, 2010 2 Zahid Naeem Added slides for Interrogative Or and
Aug. 28, 2010 3 Zahid Naeem Added slides for and

Sep. 26, 2010 4 Zahid Naeem Added slides for numbers 11-20 and the verbal sentence
Nov. 13, 2010 5 Zahid Naeem Added slides for Present Tense Verb -
Jan. 8, 2011 6 Zahid Naeem Added slides for Moods of Verbs
Jan. 16, 2011 7 Zahid Naeem Added a slide for Present tense moods + minor corrections
Jan. 22, 2011 8 Zahid Naeem Added slides for Imperative Verb
Jan. 29, 2011 9 Zahid Naeem Updated slides for Imperative Verb
Feb. 26, 2011 10 Zahid Naeem Updated slides for Present Tense Verb -
Apr. 30, 2011 11 Zahid Naeem Updated slides for Present Tense Moods
There are no copyrights reserved for this material. You may make copies and distribute them Fi Sabilillah
Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to arabic.aric@gmail.com
ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 2

Particle of Emphasis and Accusative Case )
(
has many meanings, e.g. indeed, verily, truly, surely,

It is only used in a nominal sentence (

)
It is a particle of emphasis
It makes the subject ( ) of the sentence accusative (
)
The analysis of the nominal sentence changes as follows, when it
contains

new The book new The book Indeed

) ( with Attached Pronouns

) is ( The pronoun
always
when it is
attached to
doctor Indeed he

Same analysis
applies to all

Please note the two
different variations for
these two pronouns

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11 4
)
Sisters of (
The following words are called Sisters of because grammatically

they act like , i.e. they make the noun following them

easy The examination I hope

Interrogative Or
means or and is used in an interrogative sentence.

Is this a masjid or a house?
Are you from Germany or France?
This construction requires that nothing comes between and the first
choice and between and the second choice
Choice 2 Choice 1

In a non-interrogative sentence, is used for or
I heard the teacher or the principal


Examples from Quran ... ...
As to those who reject Faith, it is the

same to them whether thou warn
them or do not warn them; they will :
not believe. (2:6)
Have they feet to walk with? Or hands
to lay hold with? Or eyes to see with?
Or ears to hear with? Say: "Call your
'god-partners', scheme (your worst)

against me, and give me no respite! : ...
(7:195)
Say: "Is that best, or the eternal

garden, promised to the righteous? for
them, that is a reward as well as a goal
(of attainment). (25:15)
:
Did you mislead these, My servants, or ...
did they [themselves] stray from the
way? (25:17) :

He/It is not
is verb

It is an incomplete verb ( ) , because it does not convey the
complete meaning.
It requires a predicate ( )to complete its meaning.
It is used in a sentence as follows

new The book new The book not new The book not

OR

The usually takes a , but it can also be without one. In the latter
case, the will be
.

Conjugation for
Suffix
, the Starting with
gets a

+

Since
, already had

this results in (the
meeting of the two sukun).
This is not permissible in
is Arabic, so the week letter
dropped
group This applies to the

More on
doctor I not doctor I not I
new The book not new not The book

Examples from Quran
Is not the morning near? (11:81) : ...

Is not Allah most knowing of what is ...
within the breasts of all creatures?
(29:10) :
Is not that [Creator] Able to give life to ...

the dead? (75:40) :
O wives of the Prophet! you are not ...

like any other of the women; (33:32) :
You are not a watcher over them (88:22) :

Having or Possessing
, so the word following it is is always

form, we will learn the is
and
forms later,

abundant wealth having (are) doctors These (a) beard has Hamid
manners possess )students (fem. Those knowledge having (is a) student Aisha

Examples from Quran
and Allah is the possessor of great

bounty (2:105)
...
:
And thy Lord is the Forgiver, Owner of
mercy (18:58)
: ...
The people of Noah denied before
them, and [the tribe of] 'Aad and
Pharaoh, the owner of stakes (38:12) :
Therein is fruit and palm trees having
sheaths [of dates] (55:11)
:

And there will remain the Face of your

Lord, Owner of Majesty and Honor.
(55:27) :

Comparative & Superlative degrees

Both comparative and superlative degrees in Arabic use the same word,
which is on the pattern of ( Diptote). It is the same for masculine,
feminine, singular and plural.
Adjective Comparative Superlative

Tall Taller Tallest
Small Smaller Smallest
Beautiful More Most
beautiful beautiful
Good Better Best
is followed by , the
If
If is followed by a noun in
latter will be translated as than, genitive case ( ), than is to be
e.g. ( Hamid is taller translated as superlative degree, e.g.
than Bilal) ( Hamid is the
tallest student in the class)

Examples from Quran
And he had fruit, so he said to his

companion while he was conversing

:
with him, "I am greater than you in
wealth and mightier in [numbers of]
men. (18:34)
Indeed in that is a sign, but most of

them were not to be believers (26:8) :
The creation of the heavens and earth
is greater than the creation of

mankind, but most of the people do
not know. (40:57)
:
You will surely find the most intense of
the people in animosity toward the
believers [to be] the Jews (5:82) : ...

Numbers 11 19
(compound word), is a The

made up of two parts
Both parts of the compound word are
(indeclinable).
. and o Exception to this rule are

In genetive and accusative cases,
. and they become

Part 2 Part 1

is always singular and The
mansub. This is called

Gender for Numbers 11 19
Numbers 11 - 12

Part 2 Part 1 Part 2 Part 1

Both parts of the compound word agree

with the gender of the

Numbers 13 - 19

Part 2 Part 1 Part 2 Part 1

Part 1 of the compound word is opposite
in gender than that of the

Part 2 agrees with the gender of the

Twenty/Twenty - 20/20

The is on the same pattern as

sound masculine plural ( ) ,
e.g.
It has the same form for both
masculine and feminine .

The is always singular and
mansub, i.e. it is . This is true for
from numbers 11 to 99.

The Verbal Sentence

Starts with a verb Starts with a noun

Contain and Contains and

the call to prayer Hamid Heard (is) a student Hamid
is always
is always


The Subject
is hidden in these two She went He went

The
forms of past tense verb

For the other 12 pronouns, You went

suffixes are added to the to
denote the . For a complete

list of all suffixes, see next page.

A separate noun in form, Maryam went Hamid went

following the , denotes the
. In this case, the hidden is

overridden by the explicit

Conjugation of The Past Tense Verb

He
)They (2
They left
)They (>2
)They (>2 She
)They (2

)They (>2

You
)You (2
)You (>2
You
)You (2
)You (>2
I
We
The Object
A , is not required by certain type of verbs,

Hamid went

called Intransitive Verb ()
Other examples of such verbs include,
A verb which does require a , is called a Transitive Verb ()

Most verbs fall in this category
Hamid asked Bilal

A separate noun in form, following the
, denotes .

A attached to the denotes Hamid asked him

as a pronoun.

vs.

The part When attached
highlighted in
to a verb,
red, always always denote
denote

?Who asked who
He asked him He asked Hamid Hamid asked him
You asked them You asked Hamid Hamid asked you
I asked you I asked Hamid Hamid asked me

Present & Future Tense Verb

Present & Future Tense Verb Past Tense Verb

He is going or He will go He went

is derived from

contains both present and future
tense. Optionally a particle of future can be

prefixed to make it future tense only. We will
learn that later.

Categories of 3 letter verb

All three letter verbs are categorized
by how the vowel sign on the in

changes in as listed below.

Type *

) (
) (
) (
* Additional types are shows on the next slide

The on the in always The on the

in always
changes to in in
changes to
Categories of 3 letter verb

Type
( )
( )
( )


Moods of Verbs
The Past Tense Verb is fixed

The Present Tense Verb is declinable

(It has three kinds of moods)
1. Nominative )) (
2. Accusative ) ( )
3. Majzum )) (
Note, it is not


on is always

. the vowel sign on the


Anatomy of the Present Tense Verb

in Sometimes

these two cases is
not hidden. Well

learn this later,
inshaAllah

in Notice the

these two cases is
not

( Three Moods of
)

1
) (5 in your pocket
X 2 1

2

2

1
2 2

) goes comes(
X 3
3

1

2

2
(mabni) 3
2
2

3
1
1
( Three Moods of
)

Imperative Verb

Go He is going / He went
He will go
Imperative Verb ( ) signifies a command or a request

It is derived from
is only used for 2nd person ()
To command or request 3rd person or 1st person plural, is
used. We will learn it later, insha Allah.

How to Construct
1 Start with the appropriate second person
1
2 Remove the

3 Make the verb . Keep in mind the 3 categories 2
1) 5 in your pocket, 2) comes goes, 3) 3

The resulting word cannot be pronounced as it starts
.
with a

4 To overcome this, prefix a to the verb. The 4
vowel sign on the is determined based on the

vowel sign of the , as follows.

Examples of

Conjugation of

is only used for
( 2nd person )


ARIC Arabic Class Notes
Part 7
Topics
Uses of
The Verbal Noun
The Interpreted Original
Negation in Verbs Part 1
Moods for
Weak Letter Verb

1
Revision History
Date Ver Author Revision Comments

Mar. 20, 2011 1 Zahid Naeem Initial version.
Apr. 2, 2011 2 Zahid Naeem Added slides for negation in verbs and moods for
Apr. 30, 2011 3 Zahid Naeem Added weak letter verb
May 15, 2011 4 Zahid Naeem Added additional slides for weak letter verb
May 28, 2011 5 Zahid Naeem Added additional slides for weak letter verb
Jun. 11, 2011 6 Zahid Naeem Added slides for weak letter verb analysis and
There are no copyrights reserved for this material. You may make copies and distribute them Fi Sabilillah
Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to arabic.aric@gmail.com

Uses of

Used for negation in
nominal as well as verbal
sentences Negative

Means what for the
purpose of asking a
question Interrogative

Means what or that
which as a conjunctive
noun Relative

There are other uses of , which will be described later, inshaAllah

Examples from Quran
Your Lord has not taken leave

of you, [O Muhammad], nor :
has He detested [you]. (93:3)
And the Qur'an is not the word

of a devil, expelled [from the :
heavens]. (81:25)
"What has brought you into
hell-fire?" (74:42)
:
What is [the matter] with you
that you do not attribute to :
Allah [due] grandeur. (71:13)
A soul will [then] know what it
has brought [with it] (81:14)
:
O you who have believed, why
do you say what you do not
do? (61:2) :

The Verbal Noun
An Arabic verb contains three pieces of 1 The action
information
1. The action He Entered -
2. The actor
2 The actor 3 The time
3. The time (past, present or future)
The verbal noun ( )is a noun which

originates from the verb. It contains the action 1 The action
but has no actor or time information.
Since it is a noun: Entry -
It declines like a noun
It gets the tanwin, when it is indefinite The actor The time
It gets the definite article , when it is definite
It is also called the Original, the Infinitive or
the Gerund
Sometimes there are multiple verbal nouns for
a given verb

More on The Verbal Noun
For three letter verbs, there is no single pattern to create a verbal noun
from a verb. Here are some examples

The Interpreted Original
I want to go

is a compound structure,
containing followed by a

can be used instead of . So the above sentence can

also be written as:
I want to go

Examples of
We want to go
I forgot to write my homework
I request that you allow me to leave

I want that you sit, O brothers
I request that you wash my

handkerchief, O Zainab
I request that you memorize Surat-ar-
Rahmaan, O my daughters
I want that you go to your room, O
Hamid and Aba Bakr

Negation in Verbs Part 1
To negate an action in the past

I did not go to the market
To negate an action for present time only

)(
We are not listening to the news (right now)
To negate an action in continuum

)(
We do not listen to the news
Command/request to not do something

)(
Do not sit here
To negate an action in future

)(
I will not go to the market tomorrow

) ( Three Moods of
( ) ( )
1
Category
2
2
(5 in your 1
pocket) 1 2

3

1
comes(
2
goes) 2
2
2

(mabni) 3 2
3
1
1
Moods for

?

Moods for

Moods for
()

?
()

?

Moods for

Moods for

Moods for

?

?

Moods for

?

?

Moods for

()

?
()

Moods for

?

?

( The Verb with One Weak Letter )

(Original) Changed () ()
() ( )
() ()
() ()
() ()
()
These undergo various

These do not undergo
changes, as described in the
any change
next sections

Understanding Changes in
1

2
Explanation of how the following pages
+
describe the changes in weak letter verbs 5 1 3

For verbs in , the Number label represent a certain change
is changed to get a
that the verb
has
undergone.
change This

is then described by the same number
, the For verbs NOT in label on the left
hand
side
,
Indicates
is changed to get a
2 4
resulting in weak letter
3
to be dropped
6

4
+ Indicates attached that

to the verb is

5

Original -
6Changed

No is needed
Small circle with the same color as the numbered

is not because label, shows the verb has undergone
the same change

* Changes in Ex: ( ) ( )

1

1

2

No is needed because
is not

2

* These changes are for
does only. Its counterpart

not undergo any change.

) Changes in
( ) Ex: (
1

2
+ 5 1 3
For verbs in is , the

changed to get a
, the For verbs NOT in
is changed to get a
3
2 4
6

4
+

5

6


is not
) Changes in
( ) Ex: (
1

2
+ 5 3 1

changed to get a
is changed to get a
3

4 2
6

4
+

5

6


is not
) Changes in
( ) Ex: (
1

2
+ 5 3 1

changed to get a
is changed to get a
3
4 2
6

4
+

5

6


is not
) Changes in 1 of 2 ( ) Ex: (
1

2 8 5
+ 1
The original reappears 2
3 6 3
+ 4
is dropped
The original

4
+
9
5

on the The is dropped
6

7

++
is dropped
The original

7 8 9

See next page
1 2 3 4 5 6

See previous page

7 8 5 1
++ 2
Cannot have The original 6 3
, so it followed by

is dropped
is changed to
4

8

The is dropped to make the 9
verb
9

7

The is dropped to make the
verb

1

2
8 5 1
+
2
The original reappears
3 6 3
+ 4
is dropped
The original

4
+
9

5

is dropped on the The
6

7

++

Cannot have The original
, so it is dropped followed by
is changed to

7 8 9
See next page
1 2 3 4 5 6

See previous page

7 8 5 1
++ 2
is dropped 6
The original
3
8 4

verb
9

9

verb 7

1

2 9 8 5
+ 1
6 2
3 7 3
+ 4
is dropped
The original

4
+
10

5

is The on the The
changed to is dropped

6
+ +

7 8 9 10
See next page
1 2 3 4 5 6

See previous page

7 9 8 5 1
++ 6 2
The is dropped
7 3
8
4
The . does not get

9
10

verb
10

verb

is not Notice the original weak letter,

, when the changed to . has
1 6 5 2
+ 3
Cannot have is The
, so it is followed by
4 1
dropped
changed to
2

is The on the The
changed to is dropped 7

3
+ +
reappears
The original

4
++
The is dropped
5 6 7

See next page
1 2 3 4

See previous page

5 6 5 2
3
The does not get 4 1
.

6

verb 7

7


verb

vs. Regular Verbs Analysis of
Regular

) ( Three Moods of

Moods for

?

Moods for

Moods for

?

()

?

()

Moods for

( ) Ex: Changes in
1

and The The vowel
combine sign on 3 2 1
to make is dropped
2

and The gets the vowel
combine which sign from

to make is dropped from
4

3

Since both letters are strong, the
to remove gets a

4

Since both letters are strong, the
to remove gets a


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ARIC Arabic Class Notes

Part 6 (ver. 11)

Visit www.AbdurRahman.org for more resource 1

Date Ver Author Revision Comments

Aug. 28, 2010 3 Zahid Naeem Added slides for and

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 2

has many meanings, e.g. indeed, verily, truly, surely,

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 3

The following words are called Sisters of because grammatically

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 5

means or and is used in an interrogative sentence.

In a non-interrogative sentence, is used for or

I heard the teacher or the principal

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 6

As to those who reject Faith, it is the

Say: "Is that best, or the eternal

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 7

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 8

doctor I not doctor I not I

new The book not new not The book

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11 10

Is not the morning near? (11:81) : ...

Is not that [Creator] Able to give life to ...

O wives of the Prophet! you are not ...

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 11

, so the word following it is is always

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11 12

and Allah is the possessor of great

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 13

Adjective Comparative Superlative

And he had fruit, so he said to his

Indeed in that is a sign, but most of

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 15

(compound word), is a The

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11 16

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11 17

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 18

Starts with a verb Starts with a noun

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 19

is hidden in these two She went He went

For the other 12 pronouns, You went

A separate noun in form, Maryam went Hamid went

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 20

A , is not required by certain type of verbs,

A verb which does require a , is called a Transitive Verb ()

Hamid asked Bilal

A attached to the denotes Hamid asked him

He asked him He asked Hamid Hamid asked him

You asked them You asked Hamid Hamid asked you

I asked you I asked Hamid Hamid asked me

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11 24

The on the in always The on the

)ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11 27

The Past Tense Verb is fixed

The Present Tense Verb is declinable

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 28

Imperative Verb ( ) signifies a command or a request

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 6 (ver. 11) 33

Date Ver Author Revision Comments

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 7 (ver. 6) 2

There are other uses of , which will be described later, inshaAllah

Your Lord has not taken leave

ARIC Arabic Class Notes Part 7 (ver. 6) 4