BUS BAR

EET414
SUBSTATION DESIGN
PPKSE
Ahmad Zaidi Bin Abdullah
 Index

Info

MTE
Lab 2

DESIGN BUSBAR
 INTRODUCTION

Commercial and industrial distribution systems use several methods

to transport electrical energy. These methods may include
heavy conductors run in trays or conduit. Once installed, cable and
conduit assemblies are difficult to change.
 Intro

For moderate ratings on LV system, say, up to 600/ 800A,cables are

preferred,while for higher ratings (1000 A and above), the practice is to opt for
solid conductors (LV bus systems) because;
on the grounds of cost,
appearance,
safety,
ease of handling and maintenance.
For larger ratings, more cables in parallel may become unwieldy and difficult
to maintain and present problems in locating faults.
The busbar conductors may be of aluminium or copper. The use of copper
may be more appropriate at corrosive areas
 STANDARD

IEE WIRING
REGULATION

JKR STANDARD

IEC 60059
 WHAT is?

Busbar is a metallic
strip or bar from
copper or
aluminium that
conduct electricity
within sub-
switchboard to
switchboard
 WHERE

Used for both distribution

and Final circuit of different
rating

In wide range of current

rating (thousand ampere)

location with high fault

economically in a high-rise
building

but depend on flexibility

 ARRANGEMENT

Application include multi-

storey commercial or
domestic properties

Rising main busbar

trunking system are often
used to provide supplies to
individual floor within
building
 WHY
A major advantage of busway is
the ease in which busway
sections are connected
together. Electrical power can
be supplied to any area of a
building by connecting standard
lengths of busway. It typically
takes fewer man-hours to
install or change a busway system
than cable and conduit
assemblies
EXAMPLE
 SIZING BUSBAR

2 method

TEMPERATURE RISE

CURRENT DENSITY
 SIZING BUS BAR

SIZE bus duct = Total Load Current (ib)

.. Current Density

current density copper = 1.5A/mm2

current density alluminium = 1.0/mm2

TABLE BUS BAR
 Example Calculation

A building with 800A load need to install busbar .Find the size
complete with model .Refer Table.

SIZE bus duct = Total Load Current (ib)

..Copper Current Density

= 800A/ 1.5A/mm

= 533.3mm2

refer table = 6mm x100mm is suitable

 cont

if Ib no given..

ib (three phase)=Total connected load / 610.9

ib (single phase)= Total connected load / 240

Sizing with Fault Current
Example with fault current
 Other design Consideration

1. Size of enclosure

2. Voltage Drop

3. Skin Effect
 Size of Enclosure

. The enclosure of the bus system

provides the cooling surface
for heat dissipation.
The ratio of the area of the
current-carrying conductors to
the area of the enclosure will
provide the basis to determine
the heat dissipation effect.
. dissipation factors that can be
considered as likely deratings
for a bus system under
different conditions
 Voltage Drop

The voltage drop across a bus system should be as low as possible and
generally within 12% of the rated voltage.
This criterion will generally be applicable to a high current LV system.
affect the stability of the system as well as the performance of the
connected load.
 VD BUSBAR

Voltage drop (Vd) = (3 ) x Ib x ( R cos +X sin )

where;
Ib = Current design
R & X = impedance in mikro Ohm from Table voltage drop Busduct
= refer to pf value (0.85)

Voltage drop allowable for busbar is only 1-2% from supply

voltage
 example- try

given current design is 1000A, find suitable size of copper

bus duct and determine the voltage drop either meet the
requirement or not.

Busduct size = Ib/1.5mm

Voltage drop (Vd) = (3 ) x Ib x ( R cos +X sin )

answer= 0.05v meet the requirement

CABLE VD

4% from
supply only
allowed
 READ
HERE
when no
trunking
& vertical
building

Iz
Iz
Table for Ca

Ca
 Skin Effect

The phenomenon of uneven distribution of current within the same

conductor due to the inductive effect is known as the skin effect and
results in an increased effective resistance of the conductor.
A current-carrying conductor produces an electric field around it which
induces a back e.m.f. and causes an inductive effect. This e.m.f. is
produced in the conductor by its own electric field cutting the conductor.

The ratio of a.c. to d.c. resistance, Rac/Rdc, is the measure of the skin
effect and is known as the skin effect ratio.
Skin Effect
Skin Effect Analysis
Video Bus Duct Installation
Thanks.