Mr.

Sullivan Name _______________________

AP World History Date ___________________
Textbook Guided Reading POD 13 Mings, Qings & Mughals Period ________

Directions: Please complete these questions as a means to BEGIN studying and preparing for
the upcoming POD test. It is your responsibility to complete this task by the due date. You may
wish to refer to your class notes and materials, as well as your textbook for assistance in the
completion of this task.

All answers should be placed on the answer worksheet below

Each Question is worth 1 point

Nota bene: The corresponding textbook page numbers are included with each question
for your assistance.

Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question

1 17 33 49 65 81
2 18 34 50 66 82
3 19 35 51 67 83

4 20 36 52 68 84
5 21 37 53 69 85
6 22 38 54 70 86
7 23 39 55 71 87
8 24 40 56 72 88
9 25 41 57 73 89
10 26 42 58 74 90
11 27 43 59 75 91
12 28 44 60 76 82
13 29 45 61 77 93
14 30 46 62 78 94
15 31 47 63 79

16 32 48 64 80
1. In 1368, the Yuan Empire was overthrown and replaced by the
a. Manchu Empire.
b. Yi Kingdom.
c. Ming Empire.
d. Song Empire.
e. Tang Empire.
REF: p. 355

2. To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperors

a. severed relations with the Middle East and Central Asia and closed the borders to
foreigners.
b. built the Great Wall of China and deported all Mongols.
c. changed the official language from Mongolian to Chinese.
d. marched all the Mongols to the Korean border.
e. formed close ties with the Manchu instead.
REF: p. 356

3. The emperor Yongle improved the imperial complex built by the Mongols called the
a. Imperial House.
b. Forbidden City.
c. Heavenly Gates.
d. Dragon's Court.
e. Red Square.
REF: p. 356

4. Because Mongols controlled access to the Silk Road after the overthrow of the Yuan, the emperor
Yongle put an emphasis on
a. trade by ships.
b. overland trade through India and Arabia.
c. trade through Buddhist monasteries.
d. trans-Pacific exploration.
e. none of these; trade decreased because people could not afford to travel by Silk Road and
pay Mongol tariffs.
REF: p. 356-357

5. Zheng He's primary accomplishment was

a. converting barbarians to Islam.
b. discovering new lands in the East.
c. bringing wealth to China.
d. acquiring Ming tributary states.
e. discovering the Philippines.
REF: p. 357

6. Why didn't Ming China develop seafaring for commercial and military gain?
a. The emperor feared outside contacts and influence.
b. The peasantry were a strong voting lobby and refused to support it.
c. The merchants were opposed to losing their domestic markets.
d. The Mongol threat from the north took priority over seafaring.
e. The Japanese merchants undercut the market and stole China's trading partners.
REF: p. 357
 7. What was the primary reason for the slowdown of technology after Yongle's death?
a. limitation of the mining industry by the Ming empire.
b. Japanese coastal piracy prevented transmission of new ideas and techniques.
c. a religious edict by the conservative traditional elements
d. collapse of the economy with the flood of silver from Spanish and Portuguese explorers.
e. none of these
REF: p. 357

8. Which of the following was not a reason for economic decline in China after the death of Yongle?
a. Decreased production of metal
b. Lack of commercial development
c. Reemphasis of the classic examination system, rather than commercialism
d. A switch to growing staple crops instead of commercial crops
e. Resurgence of the bubonic plague
REF: p. 357

9. Water Margin and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are examples of
a. Ming literature.
b. Ming racehorses.
c. Ming silk tapestry designs.
d. Ming wallpaper.
e. famous Ming sailing vessels.
REF: p. 358

10. The Ming produced one of the most prized commercial products of Eurasia:
a. green or ginseng ink.
b. teakwood clocks.
c. porcelain.
d. lightweight cannon.
e. wool.
REF: p. 359

11. Which of the following areas were not under Mongol domination?
a. Japan
b. Korea
c. China
d. Vietnam
e. Russia
ANS: A REF: p. 359

12. Which coastal area did the Mongols see as crucial to choke off the sea trade of their enemies?
a. Southern China
b. Japan
c. Korea
d. Vietnam
e. Singapore
REF: p. 360

13. The relationship between the leading family in Korea, the Koryo family, and the Mongols was that
a. they were mutually hostile.
b. the Koryo family became attached and loyal to the Mongols.
c. the Koryo family revolted against the Mongols and expelled them from Korea.
d. the Mongols considered the Koryo family and all Koreans "barbarians."
e. of parents and children, with the Koryo family as the parents.
 REF: p. 360

14. Two main areas of mechanized production in Yi Korea were in

a. celadon pottery and cannon.
b. cotton and movable-type font.
c. glass and metal.
d. silk and pottery.
e. porcelain and gunpowder.
REF: p. 360-361

15. The rise of literacy in Korea resulted from the

a. combination of an improved printing system and the han'gul writing system.
b. institution of a university system.
c. spread of woodblock printing from China and the Mongol writing system.
d. imposition of Japanese rule, which forced the formation of public schools.
e. popularity of Islam, which required that all Muslims read the Quran.
REF: p. 360

16. Unlike in Ming China, the development of agriculture in the Yi kingdom was based on what cash
crop?
a. Wheat
b. Rice
c. Sugar
d. Cotton
e. Tobacco
REF: p. 360-361

17. What military techniques or innovations made the Yi military a formidable defensive force?
a. cannon with gunpowder-driven arrow launchers.
b. compound bows and chain mail.
c. battering rams and Trojan horses.
d. phalanxes of soldiers deployed by rota.
e. the development of poison gas canisters.
REF: p. 361

18. What prevented the Mongols from invading Japan?

a. The Mongols feared the samurai military prowess.
b. The jungle heat prevented their horses from continuing.
c. A storm prevented them from establishing a base.
d. Mongol tactics were no match for the Japanese military technology.
e. The Japanese launched a surprise attack on the Mongol naval base.
REF: p. 361

19. How did the threat of Mongol invasion affect Japan?

a. Japanese clans took political control of their regions.
b. Japanese merchants lost huge sums of money in the Mongolian markets.
c. Japanese monks were held hostage.
d. The Japanese military government spent a lot of time building coastal defenses, hoping to
consolidate the warrior class.
e. Japan reinstated direct imperial rule.
REF: p. 362

20. Kamikaze means

a. suicide.
b. triumphant death.
c. wind of the gods.
 d. honorable death.
e. wisdom of the gods.
REF: p. 362

21. The ancestor of modern Vietnam was formed when Annam

a. annexed Champa.
b. defeated Mongol forces.
c. was defeated by China.
d. was annexed by Korea.
e. signed the Treaty of Amur with Russia.
REF: p. 364

22. Although the Delhi Sultanate had its problems, it did provide a
a. reliable and safe water supply to the region.
b. new irrigation system of qanats to the region.
c. safe haven for religious exiles.
d. centralized political authority to India.
e. new unifying religion in the form of Islam.
REF: p. 379

23. Which of the following did not help to increase Indian Ocean trade between 1200 and 1500?
a. The collapse of the Mongol Empire, which disrupted the overland trade routes
b. Increased demand for luxury goods such as jewels, fine textiles, and precious metals
c. The invention of the astrolabe
d. The construction of larger ships, making shipping cargo more profitable
e. The rising prosperity of Asian, European, and African states, which stimulated expansion
REF: p. 379

24. The characteristic ship of the Arabian Sea was the

a. galley.
b. junk.
c. skow.
d. caravel.
e. dhow.
REF: p. 379

25. The largest, most technologically advanced ship in the Indian Ocean was the Chinese
a. galley.
b. junk.
c. skow.
d. dhow.
e. caravel.
REF: p. 380

26. The different regional networks of the Indian Ocean trade were tied together by
a. commercial interests.
b. political authority.
c. religious authority.
d. a common language.
e. the threat of Chinese intrusion.
REF: p. 379

27. By 1250 the most important trading city of the Swahili Coast was
a. Cairo.
b. Kilwa.
c. Timbuktu.
d. Casablanca.
 e. Johannesburg.
REF: p. 381

28. The economic and political power of Great Zimbabwe was based on long-distance trade in
a. gold, copper, and salt.
b. silk, porcelain, and iron.
c. olives, wheat, and pepper.
d. books, wool, and wine.
e. qurans, ink, and wheat.
REF: p. 382

29. What caused the collapse of the empire of Great Zimbabwe?

a. monsoon flooding
b. conquest by Christian Ethiopians
c. deforestation and cattle overgrazing
d. prolonged drought that killed agriculture
e. The order of Sultan Muhammed ibn Tughluq that the city be abandoned
REF: p. 382

30. What significant cultural feature allowed the regions of Aden and Ethiopia to thrive
commercially?
a. common monetary units
b. mutual tolerance of diverse religions
c. polyglots were common
d. mutual abolition of slave trade
e. none of these
REF: p. 383

31. What was unique about Gujarat trade compared to African and Arabic?
a. Gujarat manufactured goods for trade
b. Gujarat required non-Hindu traders to pay a special tariff
c. Gujarat was significantly inland
d. Gujarat had artisanal guilds that dictated trade standards
e. Gujarat refused trade with the European states
REF: p. 383

32. As trade increased in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Strait of Malacca became the
center of a political rivalry between
a. Java and Ceylon.
b. Siam and Tibet.
c. India and Gujarat.
d. Majapahit and Chinese pirates.
e. Calcutta and Bombay.
REF: p. 384

33. Because of the trade through the Strait of Malacca, Malacca became an important port and
a. the focus of the annual Buddhist pilgrimage.
b. a meeting place for traders from around the Eurasian world.
c. replaced Madagascar as the most important slave-trading port.
d. became one of the most homogeneous cities in Southeast Asia.
e. became known as the "Asian Tiger."
REF: p. 384
34. What evidence supports the belief that eastern Pacific islands were settled as a result of planned
expeditions by Polynesian mariners?
a. DNA evidence
b. Linguistic similarities
c. Transference of indigenous plants
d. Settlements in Easter Island and New Zealand
e. All of these
REF: p. 421

35. The island of Madagascar was settled by

a. Malayo-Indonesians.
b. Polynesians.
c. Arabs.
d. Africans.
e. both A and B.
REF: p. 422

36. Sailing in the Indian Ocean was less difficult and dangerous than in other places because
a. it is shallow.
b. there is less wind.
c. the monsoon winds are predictable.
d. it isn't an ocean, but rather a large saltwater lake.
e. there are no sharks.
REF: p. 422

37. The vessels of the Indian Ocean were called:

a. junks
b. triremes
c. galleons
d. dhows
e. sloops
REF: p. 422

38. How did the rise of medieval Islam give trade in the Indian Ocean an important boost?
a. The Muslim cities in the Middle East provided a demand for commodities.
b. Networks of Muslim traders tied the region together.
c. The Muslim traders shared a common ethic, language, and law.
d. Muslim traders actively spread their religion to distant trading cities.
e. All of these
REF: p. 422

39. The Ming Empire attempted to create new Indian Ocean contacts by
a. sending out seven imperial fleets between 1405 and 1433.
b. employing Mongol horsemen to travel the Silk Road.
c. attempting to defeat the Portuguese in the famous sea battle of Calcutta.
d. establishing maritime courts to deal with pirates and privateers.
e. building "artificial" islands.
REF: p. 422

40. Which of the following statements is not true of Chinese-African contacts circa 1415-1433?
a. At least three trading cities in East Africa sent delegations to China in 1415.
b. Zheng's voyages were extended to Africa.
c. Zheng's voyages stimulated the Swahili silk market.
d. The Chinese imported more pepper as a result of this contact.
e. Many cultural misunderstandings led to the Sino-African War.
 REF: p. 423-424

41. The Chinese treasure ships of Zheng He carried

a. people and animals as settlers for far-flung colonies.
b. silk, metals, and other valuable goods as gifts for distant rulers.
c. soldiers to fight the Japanese pirates in the Sea of Japan.
d. balsa wood for buoyancy.
e. salted fish.
REF: p. 423

42. Why did the Ming court suspend the voyages of Zheng He?
a. The Chinese had suffered great epidemics from their contacts in the Indian Ocean.
b. Zheng He's fleet was sunk by Portuguese naval might.
c. The government believed that little could be gained by exploring.
d. The unpredictable weather of the Indian Ocean made these voyages too unsafe.
e. Zheng He used the fleet to lead a revolution against the Ming emperor.
REF: p. 424

43. The greatest mariners of the Atlantic in the Early Middle Ages were
a. Mongols.
b. Ostrogoths.
c. Celts.
d. Vikings.
e. Lombards.
REF: p. 424

44. How did the Vikings maneuver across long distances?

a. Use of the astrolabe and compass
b. Knowledge of the heavens and seas.
c. Extensive Arabic maps
d. Legends and oral traditions.
e. Trial and error.
REF: p. 424

45. In addition to sailing up the Pacific coast, early Amerindians from South America also colonized
a. the West Indies.
b. Greenland.
c. Newfoundland.
d. Iceland.
e. Finland.
REF: p. 424

46. The Mughal Empire is distinguished from the Ottomans and Safavids mostly because it was
a. not very warlike.
b. heavily influenced by the Chinese.
c. a Hindu land ruled by Muslims.
d. still controlled by the Mongols.
e. a democracy.
REF: p. 545

47. The founder of the Mughal Empire was

a. Akbar.
b. Babur.
c. Ali.
d. Mehmed.
e. Nanak.
 REF: p. 545

48. Mughal is Persian for

a. infidel.
b. interloper.
c. conquerors.
d. Mongol.
e. Mamluk.
REF: p. 545

49. What surprising military similarity did the Mughals have with the Safavids?
a. Lack of a navy
b. No weaponry on horseback
c. A religious ban on incendiary devices
d. They each had the chemical secret for Greek Fire.
e. They hired mercenary soldiers.
REF: p. 545

50. The Mughal Empire was quite prosperous in the sixteenth century because it
a. traded cotton cloth.
b. mined gold in Siberia.
c. grew cash crops such as coffee and cacao.
d. colonized the Americas.
e. All of these
REF: p. 545

51. Mansabs were a similar feature to the Ottoman empire, being:

a. the rights of tax collection
b. trade agreements with western Europe
c. a class of non-Muslim functioning in the local government
d. land grants in exchange for service
e. a type of cavalry unit
REF: p. 545

52. Which of the following was not part of Akbar's policy of religious reconciliation between Muslims
and Hindus?
a. His marriage to a Rajput princess
b. The appointment of Hindu mansabdars
c. His elevation of Hindus to high government positions over Muslims
d. His allowing Hindus to settle legal disputes with Hindu law
e. The elimination of the tax on non-Muslims
REF: p. 545

53. Among Akbar's cultural accomplishments that did not survive him was
a. a "divine faith" that incorporated Zoroastrianism, Muslim and Hindu beliefs
b. mandating that all court documents be transcribed in both Persian and Urdu
c. allowing women to attend religious classes
d. precision in portraiture including scantily clad women
e. dedication to the Hidden Imam
REF: p. 546

54. Nadir Shah's sack of Delhi is symbolized by what act?

a. forcing the sultan's widow to marry him
b. burning all Hindu religious books
c. Slaughter of the Rajput enemies
d. Confiscating the peacock throne
 e. burning down the Taj Mahal
REF: p. 546

55. Which of the following is not a reason for the decline of the Mughals under Aurangzeb?
a. The land-grant system
b. Resistance in the southern provinces
c. Alienation of the Sikhs
d. Symbolic loss of the peacock throne from Delhi
e. Contract disputes over cotton trading with Europe
REF: p. 546

56. With the fragmentation of Mughal political order, who became president of an independent
European stronghold on India's east coast?
a. Ferdinand Braudel
b. Joseph Francois Dupleix
c. Toussant L'overture
d. Jack Shaftoe
e. Ignatius Dumond
REF: p. 547

57. Why did the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires decline simultaneously?
a. Inability to adjust to the changes in military technology and the world economy
b. Natural disasters
c. The bubonic plague
d. Declining birthrates combined with fertility problems
e. A religious prohibition against banking
REF: p. 547

58. The Japanese called their warriors

a. daimyo.
b. samurai.
c. yujo.
d. renmin.
e. danzaemon.
REF: p. 556

59. Which of the following factors did NOT lead to political unification in Japan between 1500-1800?
a. Relatively small size.
b. A culturally homogenous population.
c. Natural boundaries.
d. Emphasis on feudalism
e. None of these
REF: p. 556

60. In 1592, after years of civil war, Hideyoshi

a. launched an invasion of Korea and China.
b. was killed by his palace guard.
c. successfully pacified the country by outlawing all weapons.
d. converted to Buddhism.
e. renounced violence in all forms.
REF: p. 556

61. One of the consequences of Japanese aggression in the sixteenth century was
a. the creation of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
b. the defeat of weakened Chinese armies by the Manchu.
c. the complete defeat of Japanese forces.
d. the alliance formed between China, the Manchus, and Japan.
 e. the destruction of the Manchu Empire.
REF: p. 556

62. After the period of civil wars ended in Japan,

a. Japanese leaders fragmented into many feuding castes.
b. Korea invaded Japan.
c. Japanese leaders resigned, thus allowing a true democracy to form.
d. Japanese leaders established the Tokugawa Shogunate, a centralized military government.
e. China invaded Japan.
REF: p. 556

63. The main form of economic exchange in the Tokugawa Shogunate was
a. cash.
b. land.
c. political power.
d. rice.
e. stock options.
REF: p. 556

64. Which Japanese city emerged as one of the world's most populous centers of trade by the late 17 th
century?
a. Osaka
b. Honshu
c. Edo
d. Nagasaki
e. Kyoto
REF: p. 556

65. The group within the Tokugawa era that weakened centralized economic policies was the
a. daimyo
b. shoguns
c. merchants
d. samurai
e. scholars
REF: p. 557

66. The term "Dutch studies" referred to

a. a period in Japanese history that corresponded to the "tulip period" of the Safavid empire.
b. a partnership between Japanese merchants and the VOC for trading of porcelain.
c. Japanese who learned about European weapons, shipbuilding and sciences.
d. the requirement by the Emperor that Christian missionaries must learn Japanese as the
Dutch had done.
e. a learning curve as the Dutch traders attacked the technologically inferior Japanese, who
adapted their technology to overthrow the merchants later.
REF: p. 560

67. The Japanese response to the Society of Jesus or the Jesuits was
a. to officially welcome it with open arms.
b. to murder every Jesuit that entered the country.
c. to adopt Catholic beliefs.
d. to blend Shinto, Buddhist, and Catholic belief systems.
e. mixed; while some were opposed to it, others were attracted.
REF: p. 559
68. In the 1630s the Japanese government
a. adopted an "open door" policy in regards to foreign trade.
b. largely closed Japan to European trade and Christian influence.
c. encouraged the people to choose an economic system.
d. encouraged the people to choose a religious system.
e. opened up trade to England only.
REF: p. 559

69. Which of the following did not contribute to Tokugawa Japan's instability?
a. The samurai went into debt.
b. The merchants gained in power.
c. The government remained traditional in a society that was changing.
d. The introduction of Christianity caused Buddhism to die out.
e. Population and economic growth put a strain on resources.
REF: p. 560-61

70. A ronin was

a. a moneylender.
b. an elite minister of the shogun.
c. a merchant.
d. a masterless follower who had lost his samurai.
e. a Buddhist monk.
REF: p. 561

71. European visitors to Ming China in the sixteenth century were

a. dissatisfied with the quality of Chinese goods.
b. trying to convince the Chinese to accept the Russian presence in Manchuria.
c. buying huge quantities of opium, which was unavailable in Europe at the time.
d. astonished at its power, manufacturing, and vast population.
e. unimpressed by China's grandeur.
REF: p. 561

72. What was the main reason for population decline in the rural areas of Ming China?
a. Moving to the cities to participate in manufacturing
b. Bubonic plague
c. Lack of agricultural innovation and crop fungus
d. European invasion
e. Economic depression
REF: p. 562

73. Which empire replaced the Ming Empire of China?

a. Qing Empire
b. Han Empire
c. Yuan Empire
d. Yi Empire
e. Qin Empire
REF: p. 562-563

74. When Li Zicheng overthrow Beijing, the Ming empire turned for help to whom?
a. The Japanese Ronin.
b. Mongolian Buddhists
c. Manchu soldiers from the Northeast
d. Rebel forces from the Southwest
e. Korean private armies eager to overthrow Japan.
 REF: p. 563 | p. 555

75. Although European enthusiasm for Chinese trade was high,

a. the bigotry of the West limited the market for Asian goods.
b. China produced virtually no products.
c. Western countries feared the opium trade.
d. the Chinese were slow to embrace European trade.
e. Chinese products were of inferior quality.
REF: p. 563

76. Merchants from which country were the first to arrive in East Asia?
a. Spain
b. Portugal
c. England
d. Holland
e. Italy
REF: p. 563

77. The VOC (Dutch East India Company) representatives gained the favor of the Chinese emperor by
a. acknowledging him with the ritual of the "kowtow."
b. providing him with concubines.
c. providing him with bribes.
d. freeing the royal family members held hostage by Ming loyalists.
e. providing him with beautiful clocks.
REF: p. 563

78. What European organization was a transmitter of science and technology to China?
a. The Society of Jesus, or Jesuits
b. The Teutonic Knights
c. The Knights Templar
d. The Order of the Cross
e. The Royal Scientific Society
REF: p. 563

79. Who was Matteo Ricci?

a. The man responsible for domesticating rice
b. The first European to speak Chinese and Japanese
c. The Chinese emperor's prime minister to Europe
d. A Jesuit missionary who introduced European technology to China
e. The "Marco Polo of the eighteenth century"
REF: p. 563

80. Why did the Jesuits succeed more than other Christianizing organizations in China?
a. Jesuits focused on the intellectual and political elite
b. Jesuits focused on the merchants
c. Jesuits focused on conversion of the bottom of society.
d. Jesuits used syncretism to promote Buddhism as a parallel of Christianity.
e. Jesuits were banned from China.
REF: p. 563

81. Who helped negotiate an act of settlement between Russia and China?
a. Ivan IV and Kangxi
b. Jesuit interpreters
c. Siberian shamas
d. Confucian scholars
e. Marco Polo's grandson
 REF: p. 566

82. The Treaty of Nerchinsk

a. allied the Chinese and Russians against the Germans.
b. allowed Europeans into formerly closed China.
c. gave China a communist political system.
d. fixed the northern border of China along the Amur River.
e. was violated the day after it was signed and led to a war.
REF: p. 566

83. To gain converts, the Jesuits made what compromise?

a. They tolerated Confucian ancestor worship.
b. They allowed Chinese women to become priests.
c. They acknowledged the emperor to be a god on earth.
d. They broke away from the Catholic Church.
e. They freely mixed Buddhism and Confucianism into Orthodox Catholicism.
REF: p. 566

84. During the Qing Empire, what new item(s) or idea(s) did Europe not gain from China?
a. Use of gunpowder
b. The practice of decorating homes with wallpaper
c. Silk, porcelain, and tea
d. The poetry written by the Qing emperors
e. An early form of inoculation
REF: p. 566

85. Under the Qing, Europeans were permitted to trade only at

a. Beijing.
b. Canton.
c. Shanghai.
d. Kashgar.
e. Hunan.
REF: p. 567

86. Among the cross-cultural intellectual exchanges between China and Europe, variolation was
a. when diplomats spontaneously combusted.
b. immunization by vaccine.
c. a bilingual printing of trade contracts.
d. drawing maps that showed the Eastern as well as the Western world.
e. a means by which Chinese physicians compared European anatomy to that of Asians.
REF: p. 566

87. What problem did the British face with China's "Canton system"?
a. Britain couldn't meet China's demand for goods.
b. China bought few British goods.
c. China wanted British rule in Canton to facilitate trade.
d. the British wanted to go to Canton only for trade.
e. a gold deposit was required as goodwill collateral.
REF: p. 567

88. The British Macartney mission was an attempt to

a. persuade China to revise its trade system.
b. find a lost British missionary, Eli Macartney.
c. assassinate the emperor's main rival.
d. convert the Chinese to Christianity.
e. establish diplomatic ties with Japan.
REF: p. 567
89. Population growth in China in the 1700s led to
a. a better standard of living due to cheap labor.
b. massive unionization of Chinese workers.
c. better working conditions among artisans.
d. severe environmental problems.
e. an economic "boom" as demand for goods rose as well.
REF: p. 568

90. The princes of Muscovy organized a movement of conquest and expansion against the
a. Japanese.
b. Chinese.
c. Tibetans.
d. Golden Horde.
e. Koreans.
REF: p. 568

91. The predominant religion in the eastern Russian empire was

a. Orthodox Christianity.
b. Catholicism.
c. Paganism.
d. Islam.
e. Judaism.
REF: p. 569

92. After 1547, the Russians used which term as the title for their leader?
a. Grand Prince
b. Emperor
c. Pasha
d. Tsar
e. King
REF: p. 569

93. The motivation for Russian expansion to the east was

a. the promise of captives for religious sacrifice.
b. to free people under Japanese rule.
c. to capture the deep-water port at Vladivostock.
d. demand for animal pelts.
e. the acquisition of Siberian oil reserves.
REF: p. 569

94. Why was Siberia seen as a good avenue for expansion?

a. the far north was frozen most of the time.
b. the southern ports of the black see were controlled by the Ottoman Empire.
c. The Northwest access to the Baltic was blocked by Sweden and Poland
d. There were very few inhabitants to the east.
e. All of these
REF: p. 569