4.

Determine all relevant waveforms for the following zener voltage regulator circuit

given in Figure 4. (ie: voltage across i. Transformer at primary and secondary; ii.

Rectifier; iii. Filter; iv. Output)

Redo if all diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 are reversed. Label completely the values.
Np : Ns
3:1

AC Line D3 D1
+ +
Voltage RS
120 Vrms Vpri Vsec
60 Hz 100
- - D2 C 1N4742
D4 RL
100F 12V 1k

Figure 4

For Transformer,
= 1202 = 169.706
= 169.706/3 = 56.57 V

Vpri

169.706

t/s

0.017 0.034

-169.706

Vpri

56.57
Prepared By Nurul Ezaila 15162 edited by Zaharah Johari 16172
 t/s
0.017 0.034

-56.57

Simulation Result:
Vpri

Vsec

Prepared By Nurul Ezaila 15162 edited by Zaharah Johari 16172

 For Rectifier, During positive cycle, D1 & D2 are in forward-biased,
+ 0.7 + + 0.7 = 0 = 56.57 0.7 0.7 = 55.17
During negative cycle, D3 & D4 are in forward-biased,
+ 0.7 + + 0.7 = 0 = 56.57 0.7 0.7 = 55.17

55.17

t/s

Simuation Result:

Prepared By Nurul Ezaila 15162 edited by Zaharah Johari 16172

 For Filter:
V

55.17

t/s

Simulation Result:

For voltage regulator :

56.57 + 0.7 + 1100 + 0.7 = 0 = 0.050 = 10000.050 = 50.155
Since VTH > VZ, the voltage is regulated.
= = 12
Prepared By Nurul Ezaila 15162 edited by Zaharah Johari 16172
 V

12

t/s

Simulation result:

If all diodes are reversed,

= 169.706 = 56.57 V

Vpri

169.706

t/s
0.017 0.034

-169.706

Prepared By Nurul Ezaila 15162 edited by Zaharah Johari 16172

 Vpri

56.57

t/s
0.017 0.034

-56.57

Simulation Result:
Vpri

Vsec

Prepared By Nurul Ezaila 15162 edited by Zaharah Johari 16172

 For Rectifier, During positive cycle, D3 & D4 are in forward-biased,
+ 0.7 + 0.7 = 0 = (56.57 0.7 0.7) = 55.17
During negative cycle, D1 & D2 are in forward-biased,
+ 0.7 + 0.7 = 0 = (56.57 0.7 0.7) = 55.17

t/s

-55.17

Simulation result:

Prepared By Nurul Ezaila 15162 edited by Zaharah Johari 16172

 For filter :
V

t/s

-55.17

Simulation Result:

For voltage regulator:

56.57 + 0.7 + 1100 + 0.7 = 0 = 0.050 = 10000.050 = 50.155
Since VTH < VZ, the voltage is not regulated.
= 0.7 V
Prepared By Nurul Ezaila 15162 edited by Zaharah Johari 16172
 V

t/s
-0.7

Simulation result:

Discussion:

The results and waveforms obtained from the manual calculation is about the same with
the simulation results for both cases which the arrangement of diodes in bridge
configuration are different. When the diodes are in normal positions, the output voltage is
regulated to 12 V as VTH is greater than VZ. In the other case which the diodes are
reversed, the waveforms for rectifier and filter are just the negative waveforms when
diodes are in normal positions. But for regulator, the voltage is not regulated as VTH is
smaller than VZ and Zener diode acts as a normal diode. Since the Zener diode is in
forward-biased, therefore the output voltage will be 0.7 V.
Prepared By Nurul Ezaila 15162 edited by Zaharah Johari 16172
Prepared By Nurul Ezaila 15162 edited by Zaharah Johari 16172
Prepared By Nurul Ezaila 15162 edited by Zaharah Johari 16172
Prepared By Nurul Ezaila 15162 edited by Zaharah Johari 16172