INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS ASSIGNMENT

NAME : RIZKHA ROSITA

CLASS : IV-G

VOWEL

The definition of vowels:

- Vowel is a sound features which is produced articulatorily without any obstruction

and can be durated or lengthened.
- The most common view is that vowels are sounds in which there is no obstruction to
the flow of air as it passes from the larynx to the lips.

Phonetically : / , , :, i:, :, u:, :, e, , , , u, /

Alphabetically : a, i, u, e, o

The classification :

- 5 long vowels = - /i:/ bean - 7 short vowels = - / / pit

- /:/ barn - / e / pet
- /:/ born - / / pat
- /u:/ boon - / / put
- /:/ burn - / / pot
- / u / put
- / / another

- 8 diphthongs = - / e / bay
- / a / buy
- / / boy
- / au / now
- / / peer
- / e / pair
- / u / poor
- / u / no

For example :
A doctor who wants to look at the back of a patients mouth often asks the patient to say
ah; making this vowel sound is the best way of presenting an unobstructed view.
CONSONANT

The definition of consonant:

- Consonant is a sound features which is produced articulatorily with obstruction and

can not be durated or lengthened.
- If we make a sound like s or d it can be clearly felt that we are making it difficult or
impossible for the air to pass through the mouth. Most people would have no doubt
that sounds like s and d should be called consonants.

Phonetically : / p, b, t, d, k, g, t, d, s, z, f, v, , , , , h, l, r, w, j, m, n, /

Alphabetically : b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.

The classification :

1. 6 plossives =
- / p / pin
- / b / bin
- / t / tin
- / d / din
- / k / come
- / g / gum
2. 2 afficates =
- / / chin
- / d / jane
3. 9 fricatives =
- / f / fine
- / v / vine
- / / think
- / / this
- / s / seal
- / z / zeal
- / / ship
- / / measure
- / h / how
4. 3 nasals =
- / m / sum
- / n / sun

- / / sing
5. 1 lateral =
 - / l / light
6. 3 approximants =
- / r / right
- / w / wet
- / j / yet

Source : English Phonetics and Phonology by Peter Roach; Cambridge University Press,
1986.