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P
C H A TE

14 R Fractions
Lesson 14.1 Understanding Fractions
What fractions make a whole?
Fill in the blanks.

1.
3
__ 7
_
7 7 7

-sevenths and -sevenths make 1 whole.

What fraction of each gure is shaded?

Fill in each box with the missing numerator.

2.
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e c
_ _
8 4

r a
_ _
5 12

s u
_ _
8 3

q k
_ _
6 10

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Match the letters in Exercise 2 with the answers to solve the riddle.

Put three ducks in a box.

What do you have?

A box of
(2) (1) (5) (3) (7) (8) (4) (6)

What fraction of each gure is shaded?

Fill in each box with the missing denominator.

3. 4.

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2
_ 3
_

5. 6.

7
_ 4
_

54 Chapter 14 Lesson 14.1

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Lesson 14.2 Understanding Equivalent Fractions

Cut out the fraction pieces on pages 59 and 61.
Then place them on the unit square to help you nd the
equivalent fractions.
Unit square

1 whole
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1
Example _ _
2 6

1
Step 1 Place a _
2 -piece on the unit square.
1 1
Step 2 Next, completely cover the _
2 -piece with _
6 -pieces.
1 1
Step 3 Note the number of _
6 -pieces needed to cover the _
2 -piece
completely.
1 1
Answer: Three _
6 -pieces are needed to cover the _
2 -piece completely.

1 _
_ 3

2 6

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Fill in the missing numerator or denominator.

1 1
_ 2
1. _
6
_
12
2. 4
_

1 1
_ 4
3. _
3
_
6
4. 2 _

3
_ _ 2
_ _
5. 4
8
6. 5 10

2
_ _ 5
_ _
7. 3
12
8. 6 12

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4 8 3
_ 9
9. _
5
_ 10. 4
_

2
_ 4
_ 2
_ 6
_
11. 6
12. 3

56 Chapter 14 Lesson 14.2

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Use different colors to color the mat below to show the fractions
1 _1 _1 _1 _1 _1 _
_ 1 _1
, , , , ,
2 3 4 5 6 8 10
, , and 12
.

13.
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Look at the mat above and circle the pairs of fractions that are
equivalent fractions.
1 2 2 5
14. _
5
and _
10 15. _ _
3 and 6

2
_ 5
_ 1
_ _5
16. 4
and 8 17. 2 and 10

2
_ _4 1
_ _6
18. 5
and 10 19. 4 and 12

3
_ 6
_ 2
_ 4
_
20. 4
and 8 21. 3 and 6

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Use the number lines to nd the equivalent fractions.

Fill in the missing numerators.

0 1 1
2

0 1 2 1
3 3

0 1 2 3 1
4 4 4

0 1 2 3 4 5 1
6 6 6 6 6

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

1
_ ___
22. 2
4 6 12

3
_ _
23. 4 12

2
24. _
3
_ _
6 12

5
_ _
25. 6 12

58 Chapter 14 Lesson 14.2

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Fraction Pieces

Halves Fourths

1 1
4 4

1 1
2 2

1 1
4 4

Thirds Fifths

1
5
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1
1 1 1 5
3 3 3

1
5

1
5

1
5

Extra Practice 3B 59

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Sixths Eighths

1

1 1
6 8 8

6 1 1
8 8
1

1 1
1 8 8

1 1 1

6 8 8

Tenths Twelfths
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1 1

10 12

1
1

12
10

1
12
1

10

1
12
1

10

1
12

1
10 12

1
1

12
10

1
1 12

10

1
12
1

10

1
12

10 1
12

1
10 12

Extra Practice 3B 61

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Lesson 14.3 More Equivalent Fractions

Write the missing numerator, denominator, and fraction.

1.

2

3

4

2

3
_ is equivalent to .
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Find the missing numerators and denominators.

2. 3.
2 4

2 1
 
5 3

2 4

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4. 3 5. 2

3 5
 
4 6

3 2

Find the missing numerators or denominators.

4
_ _
6. 5
 10

1
_ 6
_
7. 2 

2 6
8. _ _

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3

2
_ 4
_
9. 9 

3
10. _
4
_ _ _
8  12  16

3
_ 6
_ 9
_ 12
_
11. 3
  

3
12. _
5
_ _ _
10  15  20

64 Chapter 14 Lesson 14.3

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Draw to show the simplest fraction.

Then write the fraction in the boxes.
Example
4

4 1

8 2
4
_ _1
8 is equivalent to 2 .
4

13.
2

8 4

10
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2
_8
10 is equivalent to .

Find the missing numerators and denominators.

14. 3
15. 3

9 3
 
12 9

3 3

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16. 17.
5 2

5 6
 
10 8

5 2

Write each fraction in simplest form.

2
_ _ 4
_ _
18. 6
 19. 8 

6 8
20. _
10
_ 21. _
10 
_

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_3 _ _9 _
22. 12
 23. 12 

8 10
24. _
12
_ 25. _
12 
_

2
_ _ _4 _
26. 8
 27. 10 

15 6
28. _
20
_ 29. _
9
_

66 Chapter 14 Lesson 14.3

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Lesson 14.4 Comparing Fractions

Compare the fractions.

5
_
1. 7
1
_
2

is less than .

2.

_7 1
_
10 2

is greater than .
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3.

5
_ 2
_
7 7

is less than .

4.

2
_ 4
_
6 6

is greater than .

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5.

4
_ 4
_
7 5

is less than .

6.

_3 3
_
10 4

is greater than .

Compare the fractions.

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2 7
7. Which is less, _
3 or _
12 ?
2
_
3

5 _ 1
8. Which is greater, _
8 or 4 ?
Change to equivalent
1
_ like fractions.
4

2 2
9. Which is less, _
3 or _
9?
2
_
3

68 Chapter 14 Lesson 14.4

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Compare. Write , or ..
1
Use _
2
as a benchmark.

10.
Fractions less than 12 Fractions greater than 12

0 1 1
2

0 1 2 3 4 1
5 5 5 5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 8

2
_ 1
_
5 2

5
_ 1
_
8 2
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2 5
So, _
5
_
8.

Compare the fractions. Fill in the blanks.

1 2
11. _
3
and _
3

is greater.

4
_ _6
12. 5 and 10

is greater.

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10
_ 1
_
13. 11
and 2

is greater.

4
_ 4
_
14. 7 and 8

is greater.

Order the fractions from least to the greatest.

1 _
_ 1 _1
15. ,
2 4 6
,

3 _
_ 5 _2
16. ,
4 6 3
,

17. _ , 7,_
3 _
4 12 6
2

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5
_ 5 _
_ 5
18. 6
, ,
8 12

Order the fractions from greatest to the least.

3 _
_ 3 _ 1
19. 8
, 4 , 2

20. _ , 1, _
1 _
6 3 9
1

11
_ 3 _
_ 5
21. 12
, ,
4 6

2 _
_ 2 _2
22. ,
4 6 3
,

70 Chapter 14 Lesson 14.4

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Lesson 14.5 Adding and Subtracting Like Fractions

(Part 1)
Complete the model.
Add the fractions.

1.

1 1
__
6 6 6


2.

1 1
_ _
9 9
 9
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3.

1 __ 1
10 10 10 

4.

3 3
8
_
8
_
8 

?
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Add.

1
_ 1
_
5. 2
 2

1
_ 2
_
6. 3  3

2
_ 1
_
7. 5
 5

1
_ 3
_
8. 66

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Solve.
3 3
9. What fraction should you add to the sum of _ _
8 and 8 to get 1 whole?

2 3
10. What fraction should you add to the sum of _
10 and _
10 to get 1 whole?

2 4
11. What fraction should you add to the sum of _
9 and _
9 to get 1 whole?

72 Chapter 14 Lesson 14.5

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Lesson 14.5 Adding and Subtracting Like Fractions

(Part 2)
Complete the model.
Subtract the fractions.
1. 5
6
5
_ _
6
6
?

2. 7
12
7
_
12
_
12
?
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12

3. 7
8
7
_ _
8 8

4. 9
10
_9 _
10 10
?

10

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Subtract.

5
_ 2
_ 8
_ 4
_
5. 8
 8 6. 9  9

6
_ 4
_ _7 _2
7. 7
 7 8. 11  11 

5 2 1
9. _
6
_ _
66

_7 _5 _1
10. 12  12  12 

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3
11. 1_
4

2
12. 1_
3

Solve.

13. What fraction should you add to the difference of

_8 _1
12 and 12 to get 1 whole?

74 Chapter 14 Lesson 14.5

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Lesson 14.6 Fraction of a Set

What fraction of each set of objects is shaded?
Fill in the blanks.
1.

2.
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3.

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4.

Solve. Use pictures and bar models to help you.

2
_
5. 3 of the 12 beetles are brown. How many beetles are brown?

12

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3 units 12
1 unit 

2 units 

2
_
3 of 12 is .

So, of the beetles are brown.

76 Chapter 14 Lesson 14.6

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3
_
6. 4 of the 16 apples are green.
How many apples are green?

5
_
8 of the 24 oranges were eaten.
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7.
How many oranges were eaten?

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4
_
8. 7 of the 21 breakfast bars are vanilla avored.
How many breakfast bars are vanilla avored?

2
_

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9. 3
of the 60 shirts are blue.
How many shirts are blue?

78 Chapter 14 Lesson 14.6

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Put on Your Thinking Cap!

Shade the two fractions in each model and solve the problem.

1. Maria bought 1 liter of mango juice.

3 1
She used _
8 liter of the juice on the rst day and _
4 liter on the second day.
How much mango juice is left at the end of the second day?
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2. What fraction of each square is shaded?

a. b.

c. d.

e. f.

Extra Practice 3B 79

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Solve. Draw models to help you.

3. Box X and Box Y are the same size.

2
_ 2
_
3
of Box X contains sand and 9 of Box Y contains sand.
How much sand from Box X must be poured into Box Y so that the boxes
contain the same amount of sand?

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5
4. Alvin had _
6 of a pizza.
Tom had a part of an equal-sized pizza.
1
Alvin gave _
6 of his pizza to Tom.
Now, both of them have the same amount of pizza.
What fraction of a pizza did Tom have at rst?

80 Chapter 14 Put on Your Thinking Cap!

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