1) ANSWER:

Figure 1(a),
OUTPUT: (The output voltage polarity is negative)

Figure 1(b),
OUTPUT: (The output voltage polarity is positive)

Figure 1(c),
OUTPUT: (The output voltage polarity is positive)

Figure 1(d),
OUTPUT: (The output voltage polarity is negative)

Figure 1(e),
OUTPUT: (The output voltage polarity is negative)

Figure 1(f),
OUTPUT: (The output voltage polarity will be positive)

2) ANSWER:

SOLUTION:
The LED energizes under bright light conditions. It means that
whenever the light intensity is increased then the LED will be in ON
state. And it will be in OFF state whenever the voltage produced by the
solar light intensity is below a threshold level set by the
potentiometer.

3) ANSWER:

SOLUTION:
1
NAME : M.MALLIKARJUNAN
REG NO: 15BEC0891
 For a non-inverting comparator the output voltage will be,

0 = (1 2 )
If 1 > 2 then 0 =
If 1 < 2 then 0 = +

Output: 6.136 V

4) SOLUTION:
The difference amplifier gain will be, (in difference mode)
2
=
1
So by letting R2 = 3.98 MOhm, and R1 = 10 kOhm we will obtain a gain
of 398.
= 10 log 398 = 26

OUTPUT:

2
NAME : M.MALLIKARJUNAN
REG NO: 15BEC0891
 5) SOLUTION:

Given , Rf = 400 KOhm, R1 = 15K, Cf = 20 nF.

The circuit is practical integrator circuit, then the output
voltage equation will be,
1 2
0 =
1 1

Substituting in this equation, (first square wave)

1 1
0 = 0.6
1 0

0 = 2
For the first square wave input from 0 to 1 ms time. The output will
be tri-angular wave with 2 volts peak. (negative)

3
NAME : M.MALLIKARJUNAN
REG NO: 15BEC0891
After that it will be zero up to 4 ms. Then from 4 to 5 ms the output
will be tri-angular wave. (Positive)
1 5
0 = 0.6
1 4

0 = +2

6) SOLUTION:
The circuit shows the inverting summing amplifier,
1 = 10
2 = 20
3 = 40
4 = 80
= 10
The total output of the inverting summing amplifier is given by,
1 2 3 4
0 = ( + + + )
1 2 3 4
Using this equation,
(i) For [0 0 0 0] ,the output voltage will be

1 2 3 4
0 = (
+ + + )=0
1 2 3 4
(ii) For [0 0 0 1], the output voltage will be, (theoretically)

1 2 3 4
0 = ( + + + ) = 125
1 2 3 4

(iii) For [0 0 1 0] the output voltage will be, (theoretically)

1 2 3 4
0 = ( + + + ) = 250
1 2 3 4
(i) For [1 1 1 1] the output voltage will be, (theoretically)

1 2 3 4
0 = ( + + + ) = 1.875
1 2 3 4
Theoretically,
[v1 v2 v3 v4] Output voltage
[0 0 0 0] 0 V
[0 0 0 1] -125 mV

4
NAME : M.MALLIKARJUNAN
REG NO: 15BEC0891
 [0 0 1 0] -250 mV
[1 1 1 1] -1.875 V

7) SOLUTION:
Using multisim,

Switch position Input Output Gain Gain

V(in) V(out) (Theoretically) (Practically)
Position 1-(12 5 V -11.994 V -2.4 -2.398
Kohm)
Position 2-(80 5 V -14.117 V -16 -2.823
Kohm)
Position 3-(2 5 V -14.117 V -400 -2.823
Mohm)

8) SOLUTION:

5
NAME : M.MALLIKARJUNAN
REG NO: 15BEC0891
 6
NAME : M.MALLIKARJUNAN
REG NO: 15BEC0891
 9) SOLUTION:

Output:

Hence the gain of the amplifier is = (14.118/10) = 1.4118

7
NAME : M.MALLIKARJUNAN
REG NO: 15BEC0891
 10) SOLUTION:

Output:

8
NAME : M.MALLIKARJUNAN
REG NO: 15BEC0891
Gain = V (out) / V (in)
= 14.099 / 5
= 2.8198 (for assumed values of resistance)

9
NAME : M.MALLIKARJUNAN
REG NO: 15BEC0891