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a) Electric driving machines shall have electrically released brakes applied automatically by springs
in compression or by gravity when power is removed from the motor.
b) Hand driving machines shall be equipped with handbrakes or automatic brakes which will sustain
the car and its rated load. When the brake is applied, it shall remain locked in the On position
until released by the operator.
Exception Sec. 6.7.5.4 (b): For rated loads of 9.1kg or less, the brake may be omitted provided
the machine has sufficient friction to hold the car and its rated load at any floor.

6.7.5.5 Hydraulic Dumbwaiters. Hydraulic driving machines, valve, supply piping, fittings and tanks shall
conform to the requirements of Section 6.5.6, 6.5.7
Exception: When roped- hydraulic machines are used, design need not conform to the requirements of
Section 6.5.5.1, 6.5.6.2 and 6.5.6.3(b).

6.7.6 Car Counterweight Guides and Guides Fastenings

6.7.6.1 Guides for Dumbwaiters Having a Capacity of More than 9.1kg. Car and counterweight guides
shall be of metal, wood, or and metal bolted together.

6.7.6.2 Guides for Dumbwaiters Having a Capacity of 9.1kg or less. Car and counterweight guides shall
be of metal, wood and metal bolted together, metal tubes, or springsteel wires maintained in tension.

6.7.6.3 Use of the set of Guides for Car and Counterweight. The same set of guides may be used for
both the car and counterweight.

6.7.6.4 Guide Fastenings and Joints. Guides shall be securely fastened to the hoistway.

Guide joints shall be either tongue and groove or doweled and fitted and splice plates.

Counterweights

6.7.7.1 Design of Counterweights. Counterweights for dumbwaiters, having a capacity of more than
45.4kg and a rated speed of more than 0.51 m/s, shall be of either solid or section construction. If made in
sections, the sections shall be secured by not less than two tie rods passing through holes in all section
except where metal counterweight frames are provided. Tie rod shall have lock nuts secured by cotter
pins.

6.7.8 Means of Suspension and Fastenings

6.7.8.1 Power Dumbwaiters. Cars and counterweights, except for dumbwaiters having direct plunger
hydraulic or rack and pinion of screw type driving machine, shall be suspended by one or more iron or
steel-wire hoisting ropes or chains secured to the car on counterweight or rope hitch by babbitted
sockets, rope clamps, or equally substantial fastenings. Wire ropes may have marlin covers.

6.7.8.2 Types of Chains Permitted for Power Dumbwaiters. Chains where used shall be roller, block or
multiple-link silent type.
 6.7.8.3 Factors of Safety for Power Dumbwaiters. The factor of safety, based on the static load, of car
and counterweight suspension means shall be not less than the value specified in Table 6.7.8.3 for actual
speed of rope or chain corresponding to the rated speed of the dumbwaiter.

6.7.8.4 Hand Dumbwaiters

a) Rated load Exceeding 34.0kg. Dumbwaiters having a rated load exceeding 34.0kg shall
be suspended by steel wire ropes or chains having a factor safety of not less than 4 .
b) Rated Loads of 34.0kg or less. Dumbwaiters having a rated load 34.0 or less may be
suspended by manila or braided cotton ropes having a factor of safety of not less than 6.

Article 6.8 Escalators

6.8.1 Protection of Floor Openings

6.8.1.1 Protection Required. Floor openings for escalators shall be protected against the passage of
flame, heat and/or smoke in accordance with provision of the local codes.

6.8.2 Protection of Trusses and Machine Spaces against Fire

6.8.2.1 Protection Required. The sides and undersides of escalators trusses and machinery spaces shall
be enclosed in fire-resistive materials. Means may be provided for adequate ventilation of the driving
machine and control spaces.

6.8.3 Construction Requirements

6.8.3.1a Geometry. The width between balustrades shall be measured on the incline at a point 636mm
vertically above the nose line of the steps, and shall not be less than the width of the step, it shall not
exceed the width of the step by more than 330mm with a maximum of 163mm or either side of the
escalator. The handball shall be a minimum of 102mm horizontally and 25mm vertically away from
adjacent surfaces. The center line of the handrail shall be not more than 254mm, measured horizontally,
from the vertical plane through the edge of the exposed Treadway.

6.8.3.1b Inclination Angle. Inclination angle for escalator shall be not less than 3o degrees, but not more
than 35 degrees.

6.8.3.2 Balustrades

a) Construction. A rigid, non-perforated balustrade shall be provided on each side of the

moving step. The balustrade on the step side shall have no areas or moldings depressed or
raised more than 6.3mm from the parents surface. Such areas of molding shall have all
boundary surface beveled unless parallel to the direction of travel.

Balustrade shall be designed to resist the simultaneous application of a lateral force of 584
N/m and vertical load 730 N/m, both applied to the top of the balustrade.

The skirt panel adjacent to the step shall be constructed of material having a smooth
surface. Embossed, perforated, or roughly textured materials shall not be used.
 Skirt panels shall not deflect more than 1.6mm under a force of 68kg applied to any
exposed point between the upper and lower combplates.

b) Use of Glass or Plastics in Balustrades. Glass or plastics, if used in balustrades, shall conform
to the requirements of ANSIZ97.1 except that there shall be no requirement for the panel to
be transparent.

Exception Sec.6.8.3.2(b): Plastics bounded to a basic supporting panel.

c) Clearance Between Balustrades and Steps. The clearance on either side of the steps
between the step tread and the adjacent skirt panel shall not be more than 4.8mm.
d) Change in Width Between Balustrades. The width between the balustrades in the direction
of travel shall not be changed abruptly nor by more than 8% of the greatest width.

In charging from the greater to the smaller width, the maximum allowable angle of change in
the balustrade shall be 15 deg. from the line of travel.

e) Guards at Intersections. A solid guard shall be provided in the intersection of the angle of
the outside balustrade (deck board) and the ceiling of soffit.

The vertical front edge of the guard shall project at least 356mm horizontally from the apex
of the angle. The escalator side of the vertical face of the guard shall be flush with the face of
the wellway.

The exposed edge of the guard shall be rounded. Guards may be of glass or plastic provided
they meet the requirements of Sec. 6.8.3.2(b).

Exception 6.8.3.2(e): Where the clearance of the upper outside edge of the balustrade and
the ceiling or soffit is more than 305mm or where the intersection of the outside balustrade
and the ceiling or soffit is more than 610mm from the centerline of the handrail.

f) Anti- Slide Device. Anti- Slide Devices shall be provided on decks or combinations of decks
when the outer edge of the deck is greater than 305mm from the centerline of the handrail
or, on adjacent escalators, when the distance between the handrails is greater than 406mm.

These devices shall consist of raised objects, fastened to the decks, no closer than 102mm to
the handrail, and spaced no greater than 183mm, apart. The height shall be not less than
19mm. They shall have no sharp corners or edges.

6.8.3.3 Handrails

a) Type Required. Each balustrades shall be provided with a handrail moving in the same direction
and at substantially the same speed as the steps.
b) Extension Beyond Combplates. Each moving handrail shall extend at normal handrail height not
less than 305mm beyond the line of points of the combplate teeth at the upper and lowering
landings.
 c) Guards. Hand or finger guards shall be provided at the point where the handrail enters the
balustrades.
d) Distance Between Handrails. The horizontal distance between the centerlines of the two
handrails, measured on the incline, shall not exceed the width between the balustrades (See Sec.
6.8.3.1) by more than 152mm, with a maximum of 76mm on either side of the escalator ( see
Appendix F, Fig F1).

6.8.3.4 Steps

a) Material and Type. Step frames shall be made of non-combustible material

Steps treads shall be horizontal and made of non-combustible material which will afford a secure
foothold.

Exception: Step tread material may be slow burning type if covered on the underside with sheet
metal not less than 0.44mm thick or with equivalent free-resistive material.
b) Dimensions of Steps. The depth of any step tread in the direction of travel shall be not less than
400mm, and the rise between treads shall be not more than 216mm. The width of a step tread
shall be not less than 406mm not more than 1016mm. (see Appendix F, Fig. F1).
c) Slotting of Step Risers. The step riser shall be provided with vertical cleats which shall mesh with
slots on the adjacent step tread as the steps make the transition from incline to horizontal.
d) Slotting of Step Treads. The tread surface of each step shall be slotted in a direction parallel to
the travel of the steps. Each slot shall be not more than 6.3mm wide and not less than 9.5mm
deep; and the distance from center to center of adjoining slots shall be not more than 9.5mm.

Slots shall be so located on the step tread surface as to form a cleat on each side of the step
tread adjacent to the skirt panel.

6.8.3.5 Combplates

a) Where Required. There shall be a combplate at the entrance and at the exit of every escalator.
b) Design of Combplates. The combplates teeth shall be mesh with and set into the slots in the
tread surface so that the points of the teeth are always below the upper surface of the treads.

Combplates shall be adjustable vertically. Sections forming the combplate teeth shall be readily
replaceable.

6.8.3.6 Trusses or Girders. The truss or girder shall be designed to safety sustain the steps and running
gear in operation. In the event of failure of the track system it shall retain the running gear in its
guides.

Where tightening devices are operated by means of tension weights, provision shall be made to
retain the weights in the truss if they should release.

6.8.3.7 Step Wheel Tracks. Step wheel tracks shall be designed so as to prevent displacement of the
steps and running gear if a step chain breaks.

6.8.3.8 Rated Load

a) Structural. For the purposes of structural design, the rated load in kilograms shall be considered
to be not less than:

Structural rated load = 4.6 WA

Where:
A = length of the horizontal projection of the entire truss, mm
W = width of the escalator, mm (see Sec. 6.8.3.1)

b) Machinery. For the purpose of driving machine and power transmission calculations, the rated
load in kilograms shall be considered to be not less than:

Machinery rated load = 3.5 WB

Where:
B = 1.32 x rise, metre
W = width of the escalator, mm (see Sec. 6.8.3.1)

c) Brake. For the purpose of brake calculations, the rated load in kilograms shall be not less than:

Brake rated load = 4.6 WB

Where:
B = 1.732 x rise, metre
W = width of the escalator, mm (see Sec. 6.8.3.1)

d) Step. The step shall be designed to support a load of 136kg on a 152mm by 254mm plate placed
on any part of the step with the 254mm dimension of step travel.