Variable Power Supply with Digital Control

Introduction:- The most frequently used device in electronic workshops and

laboratories is a universal power supply that Variable Power supply with digital
control .That provides a variable, fluctuation-free output. Here we present a
variable power supply with digital control that is simple and easy to construct. The
circuit is built around an adjustable 3-terminal positive-voltage regulator IC
LM317, CMOS decade counter IC CD4017, timer IC NE555 and 3-terminal .

The fixed negative-voltage regulator LM7912.The AC mains supply is stepped

down
by transformer X1 to deliver a secondary output of 12V-0-12V AC, 1A. The output
of the transformer is rectified by a full-wave rectifier comprising diodes D1
through D4. Capacitors C1 through C4 are connected in parallel to rectifier. The
diodes to bypass undesired spikes and provide smooth and fluctuation-free power.
Capacitors C5 and C13 are used as filters to eliminate ripple. Here both negative
and positive half cycles are used to obtain positive as well as negative DC output.
LED1, along with current-limiting resistor R1, is used for mains on

Indication.Timer IC NE555 (IC1) is wired as an astable multivibrator. It generates

clock pulses when switch S2 is pressed. The output of IC1 is connected, via an RC
network, to the clock input of counter IC CD4017 (IC2).IC CD4017 is a decade
ring counter. Each of its ten outputs goes high one by one when a clock pulse is
received. The outputs of IC CD4017 are connected to the bases of transistors T1
through T10 respectively, as shown in the figure. LED3 through LED11 are used
here to indicate the voltage levels. The collectors of transistors T2 through T10 are
connected to presets VR1 through VR9, respectively, which are used to set the
output voltage.Adjustable voltage regulator IC LM317 (IC4) develops 1.25V
nominal reference voltage (VREF) between its output and the adjustable terminal.
The reference voltage appears across resistor R16. When the voltage is constant, a
constant current flows through one of the output-setting variable resistors (VRset,
VR1 through VR9), giving an output voltage at pin 2 of IC4 as follows:
VOUT=1.25(1+VRset/R16).Presets VR1 through VR9 are adjusted to get the
desired output voltage. The collector of transistor T1 is directly connected to to
ADJ terminal (pin 1) of IC4, so the output voltage of IC4 will be the voltage across
fixed resistor R16, which is equal to 1.25V. When switch S3 is pressed, pin 3 of
IC2 goes high and the output voltage becomes 1.2V. When switch S2 is pressed,
the output of IC1 goes high. As a result, the outputs of IC2 go high one by one as a
ring counter. Since presets VR1 through VR9 are connected at the collectors of
transistors T2 through T10, respectively, different output resistances appear
between the adjustable and ground terminals of IC4, resulting in different output
voltages. By using a properly calibrated digital multimeter you can easily adjust
the presets to obtain 1.5V to 12V.A fixed, negative 12V DC can be obtained by
using fixed, negative-volt age regulator IC LM7912 (IC3). Thus the power supply
unit can be used for circuits requiring both negative and positive DC voltages.
When CD4017 is reset by pressing switch S3, the output voltage becomes 1.2V
and all the voltage-indication LEDs turn off. Assemble the circuit on any general
purpose PCB and enclose it in a suitable cabinet. Use suitable heat-sinks for
regulators IC3 and IC4. Since pin con figurations of the regulators are different,
never fix both regulators on the same heat sink. For S2 and S3, using micro
switches will enhance the beauty of the unit. LED2 is used to indicate the 12V DC
voltage.
PROJECT SURVEY & SELECTION
During the survey time for the Project we have selected the followed of topic for
our project.
Variable power supply with digital control
AC Voltage regulator
PWM with rpm counter
High current d.c .motor controller
Medium power low cost inverter
Automatic railway gate controller

From above a topic Variable power supply with digital control was chosen because
of following point.

Very useful for over knowledge

Simple but unique application
Easy available components
Useful for low power available place

So we select this topic for our project.

Component Required
Semiconductors:-
IC1 -NE555
IC2 -CD4017
IC3 -LM7912
IC4 -LM317
D1-D4 -1N4007
LED1 -RED
LED2 -YELLOW
LED3-LED11 -GREEN

Resistors:-
R1,R7 ,R15 -1 kilo-ohm
R17 -1 kilo-ohm
R2 -22 Kilo- ohm
R3 - 560 ohm
R4,R5 -8.2Kilo ohm

Capacitor:-
C1-C4 -47nF ceramic
C5,C13 -2200F electrolytic
C6 -10F electrolytic
C7 -.01F ceramic
Miscellaneous:-
S1 -ON OFF switch
S2-S3 - PUSH-TO-ON Switch
Transformer -230v,1 Amp.
Tools and Instruments used
Following tools and instruments were used for the preparation of this project:
Soldering Iron
Desoldering wire
Drill machine
File
Screw driver
Brush
Petrol
Soldering wire
PCB Etching Kit
Circuit Description

A variable D.C supply is one of the most useful tool in electronic hobby desk. This
circuit shows a voltage up to 24V and variable current limiting up to 2A. P1 set
output current you want delivered by the Power supply on a output voltage. P2
determine the output voltage and should be a logarithmic taper type, in order to
obtain a more linear scale voltage indication. You can select a Transformer on the
basis of the maximum output voltage and current required. The following is a
schematic drawing:

The best option is: 36, 40 or 48V center-tapped and 50, 75, 80 or 100VA. C1 can
be 2200 to 6800?F, 35 to 50V. Q4 must be mounted on a good heat sink to keep
the output short-circuit ongoing. In some cases, the rear panel metal box in which
you will attach the circuit can do the job. The 2N3055 transistor (Q4) can be
replaced with a slightly stronger TIP3055 type.

A Variable DC Power Supply is one of the most useful tools on the electronics
hobbyist's workbench. This circuit is not an absolute novelty, but it is simple,
reliable, "rugged" and short-proof, featuring variable voltage up to 24V and
variable current limiting up to 2A. Well suited to supply the circuits shown in this
website. You can adapt it to your own requirements
Circuit Diagram:-
Working of circuit:- Divide the whole circuit in two parts as power supply section
and voltage selector section. Power supply section:-Transformer x1 step down 230
ac main to 12 v-0-12v,1A ac current. Diode1 to D4 from a bridge rectifier to
recitifiy step down voltage to DC. While capacitor c1 to c4 by pass undesired
spikes. Further filtering is performed by capacitors c5 and c13.This positive 12v dc
output is use to operate Ic1,Ic2,IC4 and to get variable output. A fixed -ve 12v dc
output is obtained by using Ic7912.Yellow Led to indicate ve 12v output while
red Led1 indicate main ON condition.

3.2 VOLTAGE SELECTOR:-The voltage selector section is use to obtained

variable voltage in nine steps from 1.5 to 12v. The section is centered around
variable regulator IC LM317(IC4). The versatility of this ic alow us to obtained
voltage range from 1.2v to 37v. The voltage of its output pin2 related to input
resistance as follow:

Vout=1.25(1+VRset/R16)VOLT
APPLICATION:-A regulated power supply is one of the most important and
essential requirement in electronics lab .The avilable power supply must provide
varrible output in step as different appliances required differnent supply voltage
varying in the range 1.5 to 12v .Also output must be easily to select and unit
should provde proper display . The present circuit is designed with keeping above
point in mind.It give varible and fluctuantaion free Dc voltage as output in the
range of 1.5 to 12v .Proper display of output selected ve supply voltage and main
ON condition are provided by using LED.
Component Description

NE555:- The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer
pulse generation and oscillator applications. The IC was designed by Hans R
Camenzind in 1970 and brought to market in 1971 by Signetics (later acquired by
Philip). The original name was the SE555 (metal can)/NE555 (plastic DIP) and the
part was described as "The IC Time Machine" It has been claimed that the 555 gets
its name from the three 5 k resistors used in typical early implementations, but
Hans Camenzind has stated that the number was arbitrary. The part is still in wide
use, thanks to its ease of use, low price and good stability. As of 2003, it is
estimated that 1 billion units are manufactured every year.

Depending on the manufacturer, the standard 555 package includes over 20

transistors, 2 diodes and 15 resistors on a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini
dual-in-line package (DIP-8).Variants available include the 556 (a 14-pin DIP
combining two 555s on one chip), and the 558 (a 16-pin DIP combining four
slightly modified 555s with DIS & THR connected internally, and TR falling edge
sensitive instead of level sensitive).

Ultra-low power versions of the 555 are also available, such as the 7555 and
TLC555The 7555 is designed to cause less supply glitching than the classic 555
and the manufacturer claims that it usually does not require a "control" capacitor
and in many cases does not require a power supply bypass capacitor.
Digital Voltmeter:-

A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring the electrical potential difference between two
points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a scale in proportion to the
voltage of the circuit; digital voltmeters give a numerical display of voltage by use of an analog
to digital converter.

Voltmeters are made in a wide range of styles. Instruments permanently mounted in a panel are
used to monitor generators or other fixed apparatus. Portable instruments, usually equipped to
also measure current and resistance in the form of a multimeter, are standard test instruments
used in electrical and electronics work. Any measurement that can be converted to a voltage can
be displayed on a meter that is suitably calibrated; for example, pressure, temperature, flow or
level in a chemical process plant.

General purpose analog voltmeters may have an accuracy of a few percent of full scale, and are
used with voltages from a fraction of a volt to several thousand volts. Digital meters can be made
with high accuracy, typically better than 1%. Specially calibrated test instruments have higher
accuracies, with laboratory instruments capable of measuring to accuracies of a few parts per
million. Meters using amplifiers can measure tiny voltages of micro volts or less.

Diagram :-
Application of voltmeter:- DVMs measure both alternating current (Ac) and direct current
(DC) in electronics. Common laboratory and commercial applications involve electromechanical
machinery with a current flowing through wires and circuits. Often, a digital voltmeter is used to
monitor a unit, such as a generator. Portable or handheld devices, such as
the digital multimeter (DMM), for example, may combine several functions into one instrument
measuring voltage, current, and resistance. This is the preferred tool of an electrician

Application

Different units in factory

Bridge street lighting
High loaded device
Electronics Laboratries
Costing

Price LIST

Parts name Cost

Semiconductors
IC1-NE555 40
IC2-CD4017 40
IC3-LM7912 50
IC4-LM317 50

Transistor 20
PCB 35
7805, 5V regulator 20
Heat Sink 20
Diodes 20
LEDs 30
Resistor
10-kilo-ohm 2 5
100-kilo-ohm 2 5
220-ohm 5
1-kilo-ohm 4 10
Capacitors
1000F, 35V electrolytic 5

Costing

Parts name Cost

Semiconductors
IC1-NE555 40
IC2-CD4017 40
IC3-LM7912 50
IC4-LM317 50

Transistor 20
PCB 35
7805, 5V regulator 20
Heat Sink 20
Diodes 20
LEDs 30
Resistor
10-kilo-ohm 2 5
100-kilo-ohm 2 5
220-ohm 5
1-kilo-ohm 4 10
Capacitors
1000F, 35V electrolytic 5
0.1F ceramic disk 2
33F, 16V electrolytic 2
100F, 16V electrolytic 2
Miscellaneous
230V AC primary to 12V,500mA secondary 100
transformer
Push-to-on switch 15
Fuse 20
Total cost 496
Bibliography
[1] www.datasheet.com

[2] www.vishay.com

[3] www.futurlec.com

[4] www.electronics-tutorials.ws/index.html
[5] Electronics for you magazine