ELEX Book Review

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS
CHAPTER 1 ELECTRICITY
1) An invisible force that can produce heat, light, and motion electricity
2) The smallest amount of electric charge having the electron

characteristics called negative polarity
3) The basic particle with positive polarity proton
4) The smallest particle of the basic elements which forms the atom
physical substances we know as solids, liquids, and gases
5) The central ass of an atom which consist protons and nucleus

neutrons
6) Electrons that can move freely from one atom to the next free electrons
7) A material where electrons can move easily from atom to conductor

atom
8) A material with atoms in which electrons tend to stay in insulator

their own orbits
9) An insulating material such as glass, rubber, paper, or dielectric

mica that can store electric charge
10) A substance that cannot be decomposed any further element

by chemical action
11) The orbits for the planetary electrons shells or

energy levels
12) Gives the number of protons or electrons required in atomic

the atom of each element number
13) The maximum number of electrons in a filled inner shell 2n2
14) The number of electrons in an incomplete outermost electron valence

shell
Prepared by JO ALDIN GONZALES AO 1

15) Neutrally charged particle neutron
16) The analysis of static charges and their forces electrostatics
17) Unit of electric charge named after a French physicist coulomb (C)
who measured the force between charges
18) Unit of potential difference named after Alessandro Volta volt
19) A measure of the amount of work or energy needed to volt

move an electric charge
20) The ratio of flow of charge current
21) Unit of current named after Andre M. Ampere ampere
22) The quantity of electricity accumulated in a dielectric charge
23) A vacant space where an electron is missing hole charge
24) Is an atom that has either lost or gained one or more ion
valence electrons to become electrically charged
25) The opposition which limits the amount of current that resistance
can be produced by the applied voltage
26) The practical unit of resistance ohm
27) The opposite of resistance conductance
28) The unit for conductance siemen/mho
29) The part of the circuit connected to the voltage source load
which determines how much work the source will supply resistance
30) The current that flows through the load resistance load current
31) The direction of current is from a point of negative electron flow

potential to a point of positive potential.
32) The direction of current is from a point of positive conventional

potential to a point of negative potential current
33) Unidirectional current direct current
34) Current that periodically reverses in direction alternating

current
35) Occurs when one charged object comes in contact electrostatic

with another dissimilarly charged object discharge
36) Materials that can emit electrons when light strikes photoelectric
its surface
37) Materials which when heated can boil off electrons thermal
from the surface; this source of electricity is called emission
38) An electrical pressure or force that exists between potential

two points difference

CHAPTER 28 ELECTRONIC DEVICES
1) Elements that have atoms with an electron valence of 4 semiconductors
2) A combination of atoms sharing groups of valence electrons covalent bond
3) Pure semiconductor without any added impurities intrinsic
4) Process of adding impurities that result in the desired doping

electrical characteristics
5) The doped form of semiconductor extrinsic
6) One missing electron in such a covalent bond that can be hole

considered as a free positive charge
7) Extrinsic semiconductor which has many free electrons N- type
8) Extrinsic semiconductor which has many free positive P-type

charges
9) Motion of electrons in N-type semiconductors or hole forward

charges in P-type semiconductors current
10) Very small current of minority carriers reverse

current
11) Is an atom, with its nucleus, where the atom has a ion
net charge, either positive or negative
12) A thin junction between successive layers of P type PN junction

and N type formed in a single crystal
13) It has a PN junction used as a one-way conductor for semiconductor

a rectifier to convert ac input to dc output diode
14) A graphical plot of I and V for a PN junction volt-ampere

characteristics
15) Is an internal contact potential which prevents electron Internal

and hole charges from crossing through the junction potential barrier
16) This function is converting ac input from the 60 Hz power supply

power line to pulsating dc output rectifier
17) A circuit that uses a diode to rectify modulated signal signal detector
in order to recover the modulating signal
18) In these circuits, the diode functions as a switch digital logic

gates
19) The voltage that can be used across the diode in peak-inverse
reverse polarity, negative at the anode, without voltage
disrupting the electrical characteristics of the junction (PIV)
20) Transistor that have two junctions for the three NPN and PNP
electrodes: emitter, base, and collector
21) BJT electrode which supplies free charges emitter
22) BJT electrode which controls the flow of charges base
23) BJT electrode which collects the charges from the emitter collector
24) The current which controls collector current in a junction base current
transistor (IB)
25) Is an amplifier like junction transistors but has very high field-effect
input resistance transistor
26) FET terminal where the charge carriers enter the channel source
bar to provide current through the channel
27) FET terminal where current leaves the channel drain
28) FET electrode that controls the conductance of the gate

channel between the source and the drain
29) The voltage that controls the electric field in the channel gate voltage
of FET (VG)

30) Consists of a metal electrode for the gate separated from insulated-gate
the channel by a thin layer of silicon dioxide FET (IGFET)
31) Uses a PN junction between the gate and channel junction FET
32) A normally on IGFET depletion type
33) A normally off IGFET enhancement

type
34) The Electronic Industries Association (EIA) classifies the
Types of IGFTS in three groups labelled:
- requires negative gate bias type A
- can operate with zero gate bias type B
- requires positive gate bias type C

CHAPTER 29 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
1) A circuit that increases the magnitude or amplitude of amplifier

signal variations to make the desired signal stronger
2) The two broad areas of the world of electronics analog and

digital
3) Consists mainly of amplifiers for voltage or current variations analog

that are smooth and continuous circuits
4) Circuits that provide electronic switching of voltage pulses digital circuits
5) Signals having continuous variations, with smooth analog signals

changes between many different values
6) Signals having abrupt changes between two levels, digital signals

Representing only two values
7) An 8-bit word byte
8) The ratio of output signal to input signal gain
9) The ratio of output voltage to input voltage voltage gain
10) The ratio of the output current to input current current gain
11) The product of the voltage gain and current gain power gain
12) Devices that can amplify signals and conduct depending active devices
on the polarity of the input voltage
13) Resistors, capacitors and inductors are considered passive

devices
14) The ability to reduce the amount of current resistance
15) Bock dc voltage but pass the ac signal coupling

capacitor

16) Are used where it is desired to have high impedance inductors

for ac, with less opposition for lower frequencies down
to 0Hz for dc
17) The range of audio frequencies 2020,000 Hz
18) The frequency range for high-fidelity audio equipment 50-15,000 Hz
19) Ultrasonic audio frequencies 20kHz-30KHz
20) Four bands in the RF range used for RF applications MF, HF, VHF,
and UHF
21) The amount of gain in a tuned RF amplifier sensitivity
22) How narrow the response in terms of the band of selectivity

frequencies that are amplified
23) The variation in amplitude are repeated continuously at a oscillation

specific frequency
24) A circuit that generates ac signal output without any ac oscillator

signal input from an external source
25) A tuned circuit is often called a ______ because it stores tank circuit
Energy
26) An oscillator where the feedback is provided by a Hartley

tapped coil circuit
27) An oscillator where the feedback is provided by a Colpitts

capacitive voltage divider circuit
28) An oscillator using piezoelectric crystal as a resonant crystal

circuit, replacing an LC circuit oscillator
29) A circuit that produces voltage output that oscillates multivibrator

between high and low states
30) A free-running oscillator astable MV

31) A multivibrator with two stable states that changes state bistable MV
when triggered
32) A multivibrator that has only one stable state monostable

or one-shot
MV
33) The process defined as modifying the characteristics of modulation

one waveform with the variations in another signal
34) The lower frequency signal for the modulation baseband

signal
35) The baseband modulation can vary three characteristics peak-to-peak

of the carrier wave amplitude,
instantaneous
frequency, and
phase angle
36) The amplitudes of the RF output cycles vary in step with amplitude
the variations in the audio modulating signal modulation
37) This figure measures how much the carrier is changed percent
by the baseband signal modulation
38) The instantaneous frequency of the carrier wave is frequency

made to vary in step with the variation of voltage in modulation
the baseband signal
39) The change from the center frequency of FM signal frequency

deviation
40) The instantaneous phase angle of the carrier RF wave phase

is made to vary in step with the modulating voltage modulation
41) This method is necessary with the pulses representing pulse

digital information modulation
42) A component that converts its ac input to fluctuating diode rectifier

dc output

43) The process of switching in accordance with a specific commutating

polarity
44) A diode rectifier where only one-half of the ac input half-wave

cycles are used for dc output rectifier
45) A semiconductor device that is a mix between an impatt diode

ordinary diode and a Gunn diode. It generates
microwave signals with powerful output
46) A rectifier that provides dc output for both cycles of full-wave

the ac input rectifier
47) A diode rectifier used for detecting a modulated signal diode detector
to recover the modulation circuit
48) A transformer which has separate primary and secondary isolation

windings to isolate the ac input and dc output circuits transformer

CHAPTER 30 TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS
1) The one generally used amplifier configuration because it common-

has the best combination of current gain and voltage emitter (CE)
gain. It inverts the polarity of signal voltage circuit
2) The amplifier configuration where the input voltage is common-base

applied to the emitter and the output is taken from (CB)
the collector circuit
3) The amplifier configuration where the input voltage is common-

applied to the base and the output is taken from collector
the collector. Also known as emitter follower used for (CC)
impedance matching circuit
4) A circuit consists of two emitter followers connected in darlington pair

cascade
5) Is defined by the percentage of the input signal that is amplifier class

able to produce output current of operation
6) The amplifier class of operation where the output current class a

Io flows for the full cycle of 360 of input signal
7) The amplifier class of operation where the output current class b

Io flows for 180, or approximately one-half of the
input cycle
8) The amplifier class of operation where the output current class c

Io flows for less than one-half the input cycle
9) The degree by which the output signal waveshape differs distortion

from the input signal waveshape
10) The ratio of ac power output to the dc power dissipated efficiency

at the output electrode of the amplifier
11) Class B amplifiers are usually connected in pairs called push-pull

________, where each stage of which supplies opposite amplifier
half-cycles of the signal input power gain

12) This specification for junction transistor indicates the beta ()

amount of current gain in a common-emitter circuit
13) This ratio compares collector current to emitter current alpha ()
14) An FET amplifier where the input signal is applied to common-

the gate and the amplified output signal is taken from source (CS)
the drain circuit
15) An FET amplifier where the input signal is applied to common-gate

the source, with output from the drain (CG) circuit
16) An FET amplifier where the input signal is applied to common-drain

the gate, with output from the source. Also known as (CD) circuit
source follower
17) This factor specifies how the gate-source voltage VGS transconductance
controls the drain current ID (gm)

Additional Topic: VACCUM TUBES AND

SEMICONDUCTOR FUNDAMENTALS
VACUUM TUBES
1) A circuit that converts its ac input to pulsating dc output rectifier
2) A circuit that amplifies its input signal amplifier
3) A circuit that generates ac output from its dc power supply, oscillator
without any ac input signal
4) Amplifiers connected with the output driving the input of cascaded

the next stage stages
5) Are most commonly used rectifiers because of their high semiconductor

efficiency and small size diodes
6) It has a glass or metal envelope enclosing metal electrodes vacuum tubes

in a vacuum
7) It makes possible to have electrons flow through the electrodes

evacuated space inside the tube
8) The electrode that emits electrons cathode
9) The method of electron emission by the application thermionic

of heat emission
10) The electrode that collects the emitted electrons anode/plate
11) A wire mesh that increase or decrease electron control grid

flow to the plate
12) The source for the filament or heater A voltage
13) The source for the plate B voltage
14) The source for the control grid C voltage

15) A vacuum tube with two electrode: cathode and plate diode
16) An incandescent filament used to heat the cathode heater

electrically
17) An incandescent filament that is heated directly by filament

electrical current that produces thermionic emission
18) The silvery film usually seen in glass tubes vaporized

Magnesium
getter
19) The current caused by the plate attracted emitted plate current
electrons
20) A cloud of electrons near the cathode, produced by space charge

thermionic emission
21) The fluctuating component in the dc output ripple
22) The amount of negative grid voltage required to cut grid-cutoff

off the plate current with a specified amount of positive voltage
voltage on the plate
23) A constant voltage that is used to obtain the desired bias voltage
method of operation
24) A vacuum tube with three electrodes: cathode, plate, triode

and control grid used as amplifier
25) Input signal is inverted by 180 in the amplified output phase

inversion
26) The ratio of the output voltage and input voltage voltage gain
27) This ratio compares the effectiveness of the control grid amplification
voltage to the plate voltage in changing the plate current factor
28) The equivalent resistance of the internal plate-to-cathode plate

circuit resistance

29) This factor states how effective the grid voltage is in trans-
changing the plate current conductance
30) The unit for transconductance siemen
31) A vacuum tube with four electrodes: cathode, plate, tetrode

control grid, and screen grid
32) The grid that reduces interelectrode capacitance between screen grid
plate and control grid
33) Metals property of releasing electrons when the surface secondary

is bombarded by incident electrons emission
34) The electrons released by secondary emission secondary

electrons
35) A vacuum tube with five electrodes: cathode, plate, pentode

control gird, screen grid, and suppressor grid
36) A multipurpose tube that combines three or four compactron

functions in one envelope
37) These tubes operates as pentodes, but instead of a beam power

suppressor grid, the tube has internal beam forming tubes
plates
38) A shield that minimizes interaction between tubes tube shields

amplifying high frequencies
39) Larger tubes used to produce the required amount high-power

of power with typical ratings of several hundred watts tubes
up to kilowatts
40) These have photocathode which emits photoelectrons phototubes

with incident light
41) This tube consists of an electron gun, deflection plates, Cathode-Ray

and a fluorescent screen inside the evacuated glass tube
envelope
42) A cylinder assembly producing electrons formed into a electron gun

narrow beam attracted to the screen
43) A tube defect where there is no current, and the tube open filament
is cold
44) A tube with electrodes that are not perfectly rigid microphonic
because the electrodes can act like a microphone
if the tube vibrates
45) A tube noise that results from the random flow of shot effect
electrons forming the plate current
46) The more grids there are, the more noise the tube will partition
generate due to _________ effect

SEMICONDUCTORS
1) Branch of physics dealing with the behavior of electrons electronics

in vacuums and in gases, with their conduction, with
effect in semiconductor and with the utilization of these
properties for the design of electronic devices
2) Emission wherein electrons are emitted from the better thermionic

By supplying heat energy emission
3) The process in which electromagnetic radiation (light) photoeletric

incident upon a metal surface causes its energy to be emission
transferred to free electron and eject them from the
surface
4) The emission of electrons by a metal surface when it is secondary

bombarded by rapidly moving electrons resulting to emission
collision of some electrons within the metal surface
that causes them to be projected outward like a
billiard ball
5) The emission of electrons takes place by the application of high-field

strong electric field at the surface of a metal, usually at emission
room temperature
6) The amount of additional energy required to emit an work

electron from the surface of a metal measured in eV function
7) An electron tube containing an almost perfect vacuum vacuum

that emits electron from a hot metal cathode, precursor tube
of the transistor
8) Semiconductors that have been carefully refined to reduce intrinsic

the impurities to a very low level; also called I-type
semiconductor
9) Semiconductor whose electrical properties are dependent extrinsic

on impurities added to the semiconductor crystals
10) A semiconductor whose density of hole concentration N-type

in the valence band is exceeded by the density of material

electrons in the conduction band
11) An impurity atom with five valence electrons pentavalent
12) A form of semiconductor material whose electron P-type

density in the conduction band is exceeded by the material
density of holes in the valence band
13) An impurity atom with three valence electrons trivalent
14) The tendency of an atom to share electrons with their covalent

neighboring atoms to achieve stable condition bonding
15) The merging of a free moving and spatially separated recombination

electrons and holes, stopping their movement and
current carrying capability
16) The amount of time between the creations and lifetime

disappearance of free electrons
17) Current that flows through RB diode caused by reverse

thermally produced minority carriers saturation
current (RSC)
18) Current caused by surface impurities and imperfection surface

in the crystal structure leakage
current
19) Most widely used semiconductor material silicon
20) The process of adding pentavalent or trivalent doping

impurities to a semiconductor
21) Occurs in a reverse-biased pn junction if the bias avalanche

voltage equals or exceeds the breakdown voltage

Additional Topic: DIODE CIRCUITS APPLICATION &

SPECIAL PURPOSE DIODES
1) A bridge arrangement of four diodes providing full wave full wave

rectification of the full secondary voltage of the power bridge rectifier
transformer consequently eliminating a center tapped
secondary
2) Is two or more peak detectors or peak rectifiers that voltage

produce a dc voltage equal to a multiple of the peak multiplier
input voltage circuits
3) A half-wave rectifier that gives approximately double half-wave

the output voltage voltage
doubler
4) A voltage multiplier that gives approximately triple
5) A diode network that have the ability to clip off a portion limiter/clipper
of the input signal w/o distorting the remaining part of
the alternating waveform
6) A circuit that shifts the DC level of the input signal clamper
7) A semiconductor pn junction that when forward biased, light emitting

emits light at a wavelength that is a function of its diode (LED)
material and dopants
8) A semiconductor pn junction device whose region of photodiode

operation is limited to the RB region; Used as a light
sensor
9) A solid state device that provide high electrical isolation optoisolator

by converting the input signal to light emission and
reconverting it to an electrical signal
10) A semiconductor diode formed by contact between a schottky

semiconductor layer and metal contact; it has a diode
non-linear rectifying characteristic

11) A silicon PN junction or reference diode that provides zener diode

a specified reverse reference voltage when it is
operated into its reverse-bias avalanche breakdown
region
12) A heavily doped junction diode that has negative tunnel diode
resistance in the forward direction over a portion of its
operating range, due to quantum mechanical tunnelling
PN semiconductor diode whose capacitance varies
13) A PN semiconductor diode whose capacitance varies varactor diode

with the applied voltage
14) It has a p region, an n region, and an intrinsic (I) reqion pin diode
and displays a variable resistance characteristic when
forward-biased and a constant capacitance when
reverse-biased
15) Is similar to an LED except that it emits coherent laser diode

(single wavelength) light when the forward current
exceeds a threshold value

Additional Topic: TRANSISTORS &

AMPLIFIER FUNDAMENTALS
1) Is a three layer semiconductor device consisting of either transistor

two N and one P-type layers of materials or two P and one
N-type layers of semiconductors material
2) In this circuit, the input signal is applied at the emitter, common base
the output is taken at the collector and the base is the configuration
common terminal
3) Ratio of IC and IE in a common base amplifier alpha ()
4) In this circuit, the input signal is applied at the base, common

the amplified output is taken from the collector, and emitter
the emitter is the common terminal configuration
5) Ratio of IC and IB in a common emitter amplifier beta ()
6) In this circuit, the input signal is applied at the base, common

the output is taken at the emitter, and collector
the collector is the common terminal configuration
7) Ratio of IE and IB in a common collector amplifier gamma ()
8) An electrical, mechanical, or magnetic force applied to a bias

device to establish a desired electrical or mechanical
reference level for its operation
9) A compound configuration that is a series connection with cascade

the output of one stage then applied as input to the connection
second stage
10) A compound configuration that has one transistor on cascode

top of (in series with another) connection
11) Is a semiconductor device which depends for its field effect

operation on the control of current by an electric field transistor

12) Is a semiconductor device constructed with three bipolar junction

regions: base, collector, and emitter transistor
13) Is a very thin and lightly doped region compared to the base region
collector and emitter regions

CHAPTER 31 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
1) _______ operate using only two voltage levels for all of their digital circuits
input and output signals most commonly 0V and +5V
2) Digital logic circuits are classified into two very broad combinational
categories: and sequential
logic circuits
3) Logic circuits of which output goes either low or high with combinational
a specified combination of input signals logic circuits
4) Logic circuits that must have a definite order or sequence sequential

for their inputs before the desired output is obtained logic circuits
5) The basic building block in combinational logic circuits logic gate
6) The basic building block of the sequential logic circuit flip-flop
7) A number system that has only two digits, 0 and 1 binary
8) The number of digits used by a number system radix
9) A binary digit of binary number system bit
10) A string of four bits nibble
11) A string of eight bits byte
12) The right-most digit of either binary or decimal numbers LSD
13) The left-most digit of either binary or decimal numbers MSD
14) A method of converting a decimal number to its binary double-dabble

equivalent that requires successive divisions by 2
15) A number system used extensively in the microcomputer hexadecimal

field which has a base of 16
16) A method of converting a decimal number to its hex-dabble

hexadecimal equivalent that requires successive

divisions by 16
17) The process of replacing long strings of data such as chunking

101000010012 with a much shorter string, such as 509 16
18) A number system that expresses each decimal digit as binary coded
a 4-bit nibble decimal (BCD)
19) A code that has been used to standardize codes for ASCII code
numbers, letters, and symbols in equipment such as
printers, keyboards, and computer displays
20) A circuit that has one or more input signals but only one logic gate
output signal
21) The simplest of all logic gates that has only one input and inverter
one output, where the output is the opposite of the input
22) A logic gate where the output X is low when all inputs OR gate
are low
23) A logic gate where the output X is high when all inputs AND gate
are high
24) A logic gate where the output X is low when any or all NOR gate
inputs are high
25) A logic gate where the output X is high when any or all NAND gate
inputs are low
26) A logic gate has a high output only when an even EX-NOR gate
number of 1s is applied to its inputs
27) A logic gate has a high output only when an odd EX-OR gate
number of 1s is applied to its inputs
28) It is very common to express the operation of a logic boolean

gate, or combination of logic gates, using _________ algebra
29) A theorem that can help to greatly simplify expressions DeMorgans

in which a product or sum is inverted theorem
30) When an input or output line on a logic gate symbol does active high
not show a bubble, it indicates that these lines are _____
31) When an input or output line on a logic gate symbol does active low
show a bubble, it indicates that these lines are _____
32) Any logic gate can be shown or represented by either standard or

of two symbols: alternate
33) All unused inputs of AND gates and NAND gates should VCC or to
be tied to other used
inputs
34) All unused inputs of OR gates and NOR gates should ground or to
be tied to other used
inputs
35) Can be used as inverters if all inputs are tied together NAND and
NOR gates
36) Consist of several different logic gates, interconnected digital circuits

in such a way as to perform a specific logic function
37) The sum of products in a boolean expression minterm
38) ICs that are often used in digital electronics TTL circuits
Transistor-
Transistor
logic
39) Are often referred to as the universal logic gate because NAND gate
they can be used to implement any boolean expression
40) The same as no inversion at all double

inversion
41) A digital circuit that has two stable state that are used flip-flops
to store binary information

42) The most basic type of flip-flop RS flip-flop
43) These resistors pull the TTL inputs to ground for binary 0 pull-down
resistors
44) These resistors pull the TTL inputs to +VCC for a binary 1 pull-up
resistors
45) A square wave that has a maximum value of +5V and a clock voltage
minimum value of 0V
46) The symbol that indicates a negative-going clock edge down arrow
47) The symbol that indicates a positive-going clock edge up arrow
48) Are used when it is necessary to count the number of binary

clock pulses that arrive at a clock input counters
49) A counter where the output of one flip-flop is fed to the ripple counter
clock input of another
50) The _______ of a counter is the number of output modulus

state it has
51) A very popular decade counter 7490
52) A popular presettable up/down counter 74193
53) This counter has provisions for starting the count from presettable
54) In ______ a new set of standard symbols for logic gates 1984
was introduced by the IEEE/ANSI ______
55) The new rectangular symbols use a ______ to indicate small right
inversion instead of the small bubble used on the triangle
traditional symbols
56) The special symbol inside the rectangle symbol of an 1

inverter

57) The special symbol inside the rectangle symbol of an &

AND and NAND gate
58) The special symbol inside the rectangle symbol of an 1

OR and NOR gate
59) To change a binary digit to is opposite level, such as complement

0 to 1 or 1 to 0
60) A listing of input possibilities for a logic gate and the truth table
corresponding output for each condition

CHAPTER 32 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
1) These circuits have reduced the size, weight, and power integrated
requirements of todays electronic equipment circuits (ICs)
2) The type of ICs used in computers, calculators, and digital digital ICs
clocks as well as many other digital devices
3) The type of ICs used in analog-type circuits such as audio linear ICs
amplifiers, voltage regulators, operational amplifiers,
and radio frequency circuits
4) The most commonly used type of linear IC that has a high operational
gain, direct coupled, differential amplifier amplifiers
5) This circuit is used because it can amplify the difference in differential

voltage between the two input signals amplifier
6) A capacitor with a value of about 30 pF used to prevent compensating

undesirable oscillations from occurring within the op amp capacitor
7) The voltage gain when there is no negative feedback open-loop

voltage gain
8) The typical value of AVOL for a 741 op amp is ______ 200,000
9) The upper limit of VOUT and is designated +VSAT positive
of an op amp saturation
voltage
10) The lower limit of VOUT and is designated -VSAT negative

of an op amp saturation
voltage
11) The difference between the two input currents of an op offset

amp current
12) The frequency at which AVOL equals 1 is designated _____ funity

that is approximately 1MHz for a 741

13) This specification of an op amp tells how fast the output slew-rate (SR)
voltage can change. 0.5V/s for 741
14) Slew-rate distortion of a sine wave produces a ____ wave triangular wave
15) A distortion that occurs when the slope of the output slew-rate
waveform exceeds the SR rating of an op amp distortion
16) The highest undistorted frequency out of an op amp for power

a given slew rate and peak voltage bandwidth
17) The output short-circuit current of a 741 op amp 25mA
18) A signal where identical waveforms are applied to common mode

both inputs signal
19) Defined as the ability to amplify differential input signals CMRR

while attenuating or rejecting common mode signals
20) Most op amp use ______ feedback negative
21) An op amp where the input and output signals are 180 inverting
out of phase since Vin is applied to the inverting (-) input amplifier
terminal
22) The voltage gain with a negative feedback closed-loop

gain
23) An op amp where the input signal Vin drives the non-inverting
non-inverting input terminal amplifier
24) An op amp circuit used to buffer, or isolate, the voltage voltage

source Vin from the load RL follower
25) An op amp where the output voltage VOUT equals the summing amp
negative sum of the input voltages or summer
26) An op amp circuit which have the ability to amplify differential

differential input signals and severely attenuate amplifiers
common-mode signals

27) A type of filter that uses components or devices that active filter
have the ability to amplify, such as transistors or op amps
28) A type of filter that uses only passive components such passive filter
as resistors, capacitors, and inductors
29) An op amp used an active filter that has a unity gain in unity-gain
the passband active filter
30) A circuit that compares the signal voltage on one input comparator
with a reference voltage on the other. Sometimes called
as zero crossing detector

Additional Topic: FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS

& OSCILLATORS
1) Is the application of a portion of the output signal of a feedback

circuit to the input circuit
2) Two parts of feedback amplifier amplifier and

feedback circuit
3) A feedback that is combined in phase with the input signal positive
4) A feedback that is combined 180 degrees out-of-phase negative

with the input signal
5) A type of sampling where the feedback network is voltage

connected in shunt across the output node sampling
6) A type of sampling where the feedback network is current

connected in series with the output loop sampling
7) A type of mixing where the feedback network is connected series mixing

in series with the input loop so that the feedback signal
is in the form of voltage
8) A type of mixing where the feedback network is connected shunt mixing

in shunt with the input terminal so that what is added to
the input is current
9) Four feedback configurations voltage series,

current series,
voltage shunt,
current shunt
10) The process by which variations are repeated oscillation

continuously at a specific frequency
11) An oscillator where the output signal varies sinusoidally sinusoidal

oscillator
12) An oscillator where the output voltage rises quickly to square wave

one voltage and later drops quickly to another voltage or pulse

level oscillator
13) Requirements for oscillation A>1,

Phase
shift=180,
(+feedback)
14) Barkhausen criterion for oscillation A=1
15) An oscillator that uses three RC networks phase shift

oscillator
16) A phase shift oscillator that uses an FET FET phase

shift oscillator
17) An oscillator that uses an op amp and RC bridge circuit Wien Bridge
with the oscillator frequency set by the R and C oscillator
components
18) An oscillator that uses reactance elements tuned

oscillator
19) A tuned oscillator that uses two capacitors and an Colpitts

inductor as reactance elements oscillator
20) A tuned oscillator that uses a two inductors and a Hartley

capacitor as reactance elements oscillator
21) A tuned circuit oscillator using a piezoelectric crystal crystal

as a resonant tank circuit oscillator
22) A material that exhibits the property that when quartz crystal
mechanical stress is applied across the faces of the
crystal a difference of potential develops across
opposite faces of the crystal
23) A resonant circuit with a very low impedance series
24) A resonant circuit with a very high impedance parallel

Additional Topic: OP AMPS & DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
1) A very high gain, high rin directly coupled negative operational

feedback amplifier which can amplify signals having amplifier
frequencies ranging from 0Hz to 1MHz
2) The terminal marked (-) is called the ________ inverting input
3) The terminal marked (+) is called the ________ non-inverting

input
4) An op amp circuit where input signal is applied in the constant gain

inverting input and output is 180 out-of-phase with inverting
the input signal amplifier
5) An op amp circuit where input signal is applied in the non-inverting

non-inverting input and output is in phase with amplifier
the input signal
6) An op amp circuit that provides a unity gain with no unity follower

polarity reversal
7) An op amp circuit that provides an output voltage that is summing

the negative sum of the inputs amplifier
8) An op amp circuit that provides an output that is the integrator

integral of the input with an inversion and scale
multiples of 1/RC. Feedback component is a capacitor
9) An op amp circuit that provides an output that is differentiator

proportional to the time derivative of the input.
Feedback component is resistor
10) An op amp circuit that provides an output that is the differential

result of the difference between the two inputs. amplifier
Marriage of both inverting and non-inverting amplifier
11) An op amp circuit that can be used as a limit, level comparator

detector, or switch

12) The difference in the DC voltages that must be applied input offset
to the input terminals to obtain equal quiescent operating voltage
voltage (o output voltage) at the output terminals
13) The difference in the current at the 2 input terminals input offset
current
14) The DC voltage at either output terminal with respect quiescent

to the ground operating
voltage
15) The total power drain of the device with no signal DC Device
applied and no external load current dissipation
16) The ratio of the signal voltages developed at either of common mode
the 2 output terminals to the common signal voltage voltage gain,
applied to the 2 input terminals connected in parallel Ac
17) The ratio of the change in output voltage at either differential

output terminal with respect to the ground to difference voltage gain
in the input voltages single ended
input-output, Ad
18) The ratio of the full differential voltage gain to the common mode
common mode voltage gain rejection ratio
CMRR
19) The ratio of the change in input voltage to the change single ended
in input current measured at either input terminal with input
respect to the ground resistance(Rin)
20) The ratio of the change in output voltage to the change single ended
in output current measured at either output terminal with output
respect to the ground resistance(Ro)
21) A device parameter indicating how fast the output slew rate
voltage changes with time
22) The term describing the change in output voltage drift

resulting from the change in temperature

23) The reduction of op amps gain due to increasing roll-off

operating frequency
24) A circuit that receives input of a linear voltage, comparator

comparing it to a reference input voltage to determine
which is greater
25) A signal that varies continuously over some range of analog signals
values
26) A signal that is either of 2 levels representing the binary digital signals
values of one or zero
27) Uses a network of resistors. A circuit that accepts inputs ladder

of binary values at typically 0V or Vref and provides an network
output voltage proportional to the binary input value
28) Used to interconnect different types of signals, both interfacing

linear and digital circuit
29) Used in the generation of pulse signal that are triggered timer circuit
by an input signal
30) Made of a combination of linear comparators and digital 555 timer

flip-flops. The entire circuit is usually housed in an 8-pin
DIP packaged with pin numbers
31) Applications of 555 timer astable

multivibrator
or clock circuit
and
monostable
multivibrator
or one shot
multivibrator

Additional Topic: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (ICs)
1) He invented the Triode Tube in 1907 Lee de Forest
2) W.H. Brattain and I. Bardeen invented ______ in 1948 transistor
3) A complete electronic circuit in which both the active and integrated

passive components are fabricated on an extremely tiny circuit (IC)
single chip of silicon
4) The first to develop an IC in 1958 J.S. Kilby
5) Built by connecting separate components discrete
6) The number of circuits contained in an IC package is less small scale

than 30 integration
(SSI)
7) The number of circuits contained in an IC package is medium scale

between 30-100 integration
(MSI)
8) The number of circuits contained in an IC package is large scale

between 100-100,000 integration
(LSI)
9) The number of circuits contained in an IC package is very large scale

in excess of 100,000 integration
(VLSI)
10) An IC classification where all circuit (both active and monolithic IC

passive) are fabricated inseparably within a single
continuous piece of Si crystalline material
11) An IC classification where resistors and conductors are thin film IC

formed by varying the width and thickness of the film
and by using materials of different resistivity
12) An IC classification with printed thin film circuits and thick film IC
silk screen printing techniques are employed to create

the desired circuit pattern on the surface of a substrate
13) An IC classification that are formed either by hybrid or

interconnecting a number of individual chips or by a multichip ICs
combination of film or monolithic IC techniques
14) Analog ICs because their inputs and outputs can take linear ICs
on a continuous range of values and the outputs are
generally proportional to the inputs
15) ICs that contain circuits whose input an output voltages digital ICs
are limited to 2 possible levels (low or high)
16) The process of attaching wires to an IC bonding
17) An extremely small part of a silicon wafer n which IC chip (die)

is fabricated
18) The process of checking the proper electrical circuit

performance of each IC with the help of probes probing
19) Introduction of controlled small quantities of a diffusion

material into the crystal structure for modifying its
electrical characteristics
20) A glass plate with the circuit pattern drawn on it diffusion mask
21) The process of putting a cap over the IC and sealing it encapsulation
22) A physical placement of materials on a given surface epitaxy
23) Removal of surface material from a chip by chemical etching
24) The process of providing ohmic contacts and metallization

interconnections by evaporating aluminum over the chip
25) A photosensitive emulsion which hardens when exposed photoresist

to ultraviolet light
26) The process of incising or cutting with a sharp point scribing

27) A thin slice of a semiconductor material either circular wafer

or rectangular in shape in which a number of ICs are
fabricated simultaneously
28) The process where A P-type Si bar is taken and cut into wafer
slices called wafers preparation
29) An N-type Si layer (15m thick) is now grown on the epitaxial

P-type substrate by placing the wafer in furnace at growth
1200C and introducing a gas containing phophorous
30) A thin layer of SiO2 is grown over the N-type layer by Oxidisation
exposing the wafer to an oxygen atmosphre at about
1000C
31) The wafer is subjected to a P-type diffusion process by isolation

which N-type layer is isolated into islands on which diffusion
transistor or some other components is fabricated

CHAPTER 8 Direct-Current Meters
1) Is used for troubleshooting because it can check V, R, and I multimeter
2) Meters with a printed scale and a moving pointer analog meters
3) Meters that have numerical readouts digital meters
4) An extremely sensitive instrument for measuring very galvanometer
5) Is used for reading the value of a small momentary current ballistic

galvanometer
6) The moving coil arrangement is often called a __________, DArsonval

after its inventor, who patented this meter movement in movement
1881
7) Optical error caused by looking at the meter from the side parallax error
8) Meters that generally have lower values of rM because a taut-band

smaller coil can be used to force the pointer up-scale meters
9) _________ in a moving-coil meter deflects the coil in direct current

proportion to the amount of current
10) Is a low resistance meter connected in series to read the current meter
amount of current in the circuit
11) A _________ in parallel with the meter movement meter shunt

extends the range of a current meter RS
12) Consists of the meter movement in series with a high voltmeter

resistance multiplier
13) The __________ of a voltmeter with series multipliers ohms-per-volt

specifies the sensitivity on all voltage ranges rating
14) The typical value for ohms-per-volt rating is 20,000 /V

__________ for a voltmeter using a 50-A movement

15) Consists of an internal battery in series with the meter ohmmeter

movement
16) An arrangement in ohmmeter where the ohms scale back-off scale

increases from right to left. Ohms values increasing to
the left as the current backs off from full-scale deflection
17) Is a portable multimeter that measures V, , and mA VOM
18) Generally has an input resistance of 10 M on all dc digital

voltage ranges multimeter
19) In checking wire conductors, the ohmmeter reads 0 ; infinite

_________ or very low R for normal continuity and
_________ ohms for an open
20) The typical value for ohms-per-volt rating is 20,000 /V

__________ for a voltmeter using a 50-A movement
21) On any range in ohmmeter, this variable resistor is ohms adjust

adjusted for full-scale deflection to read zero ohms with or zero-ohms
the test leads short-circuited adjustment
22) An accessory probe can be used with a multimeter to high-voltage

measure dc voltage up to 30kV probe
23) Probes that measures just ac amperes, generally for the clamp probe
60-Hz power line
24) An ac voltage scale calibrated in decibel (dB) units, for decibel scale
measuring ac signals
25) The logarithmic unit used for comparisons of power decibel

levels or voltage levels high-voltage
26) An ohmmeter that does not have enough battery voltage low-power
to bias a semiconductor junction into the ON or ohms (LP)
conducting condition. For transistor measurements
27) A function that shifts the meter automatically to a autorange

higher range as soon as an overload is indicated function

Additional Topic: INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
1) He demonstrated the use of electronics for the remote Nicola Tesla

control of a model boat in 1890
2) He developed the Fleming valve in 1904, which is the Sir John

first vacuum tube used for rectifying AC to DC Fleming
3) He discovered the vacuum tube amplifier in 1907 Lee De Forest
4) A German scientist who invented the semiconductor diode Walter Schottky

in 1938
5) The three American scientists who invented the transistor John Bardeen,
In 1947 Walter Brattain,
and William
Schockley
6) The first programmable controller is developed by engineers General Motors

at __________ Hydramatic
division
7) The date when the first commercial fiber optic cable is 1970
installed
8) He invented the microprocessor in 1971 Ted Hoff
9) In 1979, _________ are developed providing vision to optical sensors

industrial controllers
10) In 1986, _________ with limited artificial intelligence robots

became commercially available
11) In 1994, _________ microprocessor became commercialy 64-bit

available
12) Is an automatic control system that controls the physical motion control
motion or position of an object system
13) A sequence of timed operations executed on the product batch

being manufactured processing
14) One or more operations are being performed as the continuous

product is being passed through a process process
15) A system without a feedback and is the simplest way to open-loop

control a system system
16) A system that provides continuous monitoring and self- closed-loop

correcting action of the operation for long periods of system
time without interruption. It is a control system that
uses feedback to control an output variable
17) A device derived from the thyratron gas-tube thyristor

predecessor with the same characteristics
18) Is a three terminal, three junction, four-layer silicon-

semiconductor device that is assigned to perform controlled
witching functions rectifier (SCR)
19) The number of degrees of an AC cycle during which the conduction

SCR is turned ON angle
20) The number of degrees of an AC cycle that elapses firing delay

before the SCR is turned ON angle
21) The voltage above which the SCR enter the conduction forward
region breakover
voltage V(BR)F
22) The value of current below which the SCR switches from holding current
the conduction state to the forward blocking region under (IH)
stated condition
23) Are the regions corresponding to the open circuit forward and
condition for the controlled rectifier which block the reverse
flow of charge (current) from anode to cathode blocking regions
24) Is equivalent to the Zener or avalanche region of the reverse break-

fundamental two layer semiconductor diode down voltage

25) A solid-state device that acts like two SCRs that have TRIAC
been connected in parallel with each other inversely so
that one SCR will conduct the positive half-cycle and
the other will conduct the negative half cycle
26) The amount of current the TRIAC gate needs to stay in latching
conduction after it has been initially turned ON current (IL)
27) The main terminal current required after the TRIAC has holding
been initially turned on current (IH)
28) The amount of current that is necessary to go into gate trigger

conduction initially current (IGT)
29) The maximum amount of current that the TRIAC can main terminal
control rms current
rating IT(RMS)
30) Can be turned ON by a single pulse of positive gate gate turn-off

current, but in addition it can be turned off by a pulse switch (GTO)
of negative gate current
31) A solid-state device that has been specifically designed to unijunction

provide a sharp pulse when its breakover level is reached transistor (UJT)
32) Is similar to UJT in that it has the ability to provide a programmable

pulse that is used to trigger SCRs and other thyristors unijunction
transistor (PUT)
33) Like the SCR, is a four layer pnpn device that provides silicon
both positive and negative pulse controlled
switch (SCS)
34) A solid-state device that uses breakover voltage to go silicon

into conduction and provide a positive pulse unilateral
switch (SUS)
35) Basically equivalent to two SUSs silicon bilateral

gate trigger switch (SBS)
36) A newer triggering device that is a high voltage bilateral SIDAC

trigger
37) Is similar to the silicon bilateral switch (SBS). The major silicon
difference is that SAS has a different firing voltage in the assymetrical
positive quadrant that it does in the negative quadrant switch (SAS)
38) Is similar to silicon bilateral switch (SBS) except it has assymetrical

two different firing levels silicon
bilateral
switch (ASBS)
39) Also called the four layer diode. Is a unidirectional Shockley

DIAC, which is basically an SUS without gate terminal diode
40) The most common electrical transducer. Can be used potentiometer

alone, or they can be attached to a mechanical sensor
to convert a mechanical motion into an electrical variation
41) Gives an AC output voltage signal which is proportional linear variable

to physical displacement differential
transformers
(LVDTs)
42) Devices that detect the measured pressure and convert pressure
it into mechanical movement transducers
43) Deformed metal tube with an oval cross section. It is bourdon tubes
open and sealed at the other end
44) Essentially a series of metal diaphragms connected bellows

together
45) Most common device for measuring industrial process thermocouples

temperatures
46) Measures temperatures from a distance by sensing the optical

visible and/or invisible electromagnetic radiation emitted pyrometers
by the hot body at a frequency which is indicative of the
bodys temperature
47) Device which measures acceleration. Accelerometers

48) Device which measures the angular speed of a rotating tachometers

shaft
49) Uses the phenomenon of hall effect by which charge hall effect
carriers moving through a magnetic field are forced to transducers
one side of the conducting medium
50) Ampilfiers used to provide voltage amplitude changes, operational

as oscillators, filter circuits, and other types of amplifiers
instrumentation circuits
51) The equivalent voltage that must be applied to one of input offset
the input terminals to produce zero output voltage with voltage (Vio)
the other input grounded
52) The average of the two DC currents that flow into the input bias
inverting and non-inverting inputs currents (IB)
53) The difference of the two input bias currents whose input offset
polarity can either be positive or negative current (Ios)
54) Internal input resistance as seen at either input terminals input

to ground while other remaining input terminal is resistance (Ri)
grounded
55) Maximum DC output current that can be supplied to a output short-

load circuit current
(Iosc)
56) Also called saturation voltage, this is the maximum peak output voltage
output voltage that the op amp can produce without swing (VSAT
saturation or clipping and V-SAT)
57) Sometimes called large signal gain, this is the voltage open-loop
gain of the op amp without external feedback and varies gain (AOL)
with frequency. Typically about 200,000 (106 dB)
58) Time rate of change of the output voltage with op amp slew rate (SR)
circuit having a closed loop gain of 1
59) The frequency at which the open-loop voltage gain unity-gain

decreases to (0dB) bandwidth
60) A measure of the ability of the op amp to reject common-mode

common signals rejection ratio
(CMRR)
61) The amount of time it takes a for the output signal, in transient
response to an input impulse, to rise from 10 to 90 response, rise
percent of its steady-state value time
62) The differential amplifier uses a single chip op amp to op amp

measure and amplify the difference between the inputs differential
amplifier
63) Produces an output voltage VOUT that is proportional to op amp

two things: 1) The input voltage VIN; and 2) The amount integrator
of time VIN has been present
64) Produces an output voltage VOUT that is proportional to op amp

the time rate of change of input voltage. (how rapidly differentiator
VIN is changing)

Additional Topic: INSTRUMENTATION
1) Measurements of quantities in Electrical Engineering such instrumentation

as voltage, current, etc.
2) A device that can give quantitative description on a given instrument

parameters
3) Two general categories of DC meters analog and

digital
4) An electromechanical device with moving pointers, spring analog meters

and moving coils or moving vanes.
5) Meters that utilize electronic circuits in place of digital meters

electromechanical and provide a numerical readout
6) A meter movement that consists movable coil situated DArsonval

meter
7) A meter movement consists of a moving coil, called electro-

armature, that is free to move within a magnetic field dynamometer
set-up by two stationary field coils
8) A meter movement where the soft iron vanes are fastened iron vane
to the shaft that drives the pointer and are free to move movements
the within the magnetic set up by the inclined coil
9) An ammeter error that arises from the fact that the meter calibration
face is not accurately marked very large scale error
10) An ammeter error caused by the internal resistance of ammeter

the ammeter loading effect
11) This is a resistor connected in parallel with meter to DC ammeter

increase the measuring capability of the ammeter shunt
resistance
12) A meter movement used for AC meter that is a basic electro-

but versatile consisting of a fixed coil divided into two dynamometer

equal halves and a moving coil between the field coils
13) A meter movement used for AC meter that is consist of iron-vane

a fixed coil of many turns and two iron vanes placed in
the fixed coil.
14) A meter movement used for AC meter that is indicating electrostatic

mechanism resembling a variable capacitor
15) A meter movement used for AC meter consists of a thermocouple

heater element usually made of fine wire, two dissimilar meter
metals and a dArsonval meter movement.
16) A meter movement used for AC meter that consists of a DArsonval

permanent magnet and a moving coil
17) Are instruments for making a comparison measurements DC-bridges

that are widely used to measure resistance, inductances,
capacitances, and impedances
18) Consists of two parallel resistance branches containing wheatstone

two series elements, usually resistors
19) A modified version of the wheatstone bridge that contains kelvin bridge
an additional set of radio arms to compensate for lead
and contact resistors of 1 ohm or loss
20) The best known and simplest of loop tests used principally murray loop
to locate ground faults in short sections of
communications and power cables
21) One of the most accurate methods of locating ground varley loop
faults and short circuits in high resistance loops such as
long communications lines
22) Are used to measure inductance and capacitance AC bridges

Accurately
23) A form of AC Wheatstone bridge used to measure similar angle

impedance of a capacitive circuit. Also called as bridge

Capacitance Comparison Bridge
24) A bridge also called as parallel capacitance comparison opposite-angle

bridge
25) A bridge used to determine an unknown inductance with Maxwell

capacitance standards bridge
26) A bridge used to measure either the equivalent-series wien bridge

components or the equivalent parallel components of
an impedance
27) A bridge useful for measuring insulating properties for schering

phase angles of nearly 90 bridge
28) A bridge used in laboratories to measure the impedances radio-

of both capacitive and inductive circuits at higher frequency
frequencies bridge

Additional Topic: MEDICAL ELECTRONICS
1. A medical instrument that records electric currents electro-

generated by the brain encephalograph
2. Combines the use of a digital computer together with a CAT scan

rotating X-ray device to create detailed cross-sectional
images or slices of the different organs & body parts
3. A device that administers an electric shock through the automated

chest wall to the heart external
defibrillator
4. A specific type of imaging that uses a low dose X-ray mammography

system for examination of the breasts
5. A non-invasive tests that records the electrical activity electro-

of the heart cardiogram
6. The use of sound waves to obtain a medical image or ultrasound

picture of various organs and tissues in the body
7. A small mass of specialized cells in the top of the hearts natural

right atrium (upper chamber) which makes the electrical pacemaker
impulses that cause your heart to beat
8. A small battery operated device that helps the heart in artificial

a regular rhythm pacemaker
9. A test in which ultrasound is used to examine the heart echocardiogram
10. An echocardiogram that provides single dimension M-mode

images that allow accurate measurement of the heart
chambers
11. An echocardiogram capable of displaying a 2-D echo

cross-sectional slice of the beating heart
12. A test that assesses the health of the muscles and the electro-
nerves controlling the muscles myography

13. A method of creating images of the inside of opaque magnetic

organs in living organisms as well as detecting the resonance
amount of bound water in geological structures imaging
14. An MRI that uses large magnets and radio frequency nuclear MRI
waves to create moving images
Additional Topic: ROBOTICS
1. He invented a textile machine that is operated by Joseph

punch cards Jacquard
2. He designed a motorized crane with gripper to remove Seward

ingots from a furnace Babbit
3. A Czechoslovakian who introduced the word robot Karel Capek

from the Czech robota
4. They designed a programmable paint-spraying machine William Polard

for the DeVilbiss Company & Harold
Roselund
5. He formulated the Three Laws of Robotics Isaac Asimov
6. He patented a general-purpose playback device for George Devol

controlling machines
7. Build the first large electronic computer called the ENIAC J. Presper
Eckert and
John Mauchly
8. The first general-purpose digital computer at MIT Whirlwhind
9. A professor at MIT who published Cybernetics which is Norbet Wiener

a book that describes the concept of communications and
control in electronic, mechanical, and biological systems
10. He designed a tele-operator equipped articulated arm Raymond

for the Atomic Energy Commission Goertz

11. He designed the first programmable robot and who George C.

coined the term Universal Automation Devol
12. Devol is joined by ________ in 1956, they shorten Joseph F.

the name to Unimation and form the first successful robot Engelberger
manufacturing company
13. A component of the robot that serves as the muscle of actuator

the system, produces the motion, with power supplied
electrically, pneumatically, or by hydraulics
14. A component of the robot that is a unit transmitting communicator

information and receiving instructions from a remote
operator
15. A central computer that integrates the activity of several control

microprocessors computer
16. A device at the end of the manipulator arm used to end effector
make intentional contact with an object
17. A mechanism consisting of several segments or arms manipulator
18. Generally, some energy storage device such as a battery power supply
for a mobile unit otherwise the hook-up to the power grid
19. Usually a transducer of some kind whose inputs are sensor

physical phenomena and whose outputs consist of
electronic signals
20. A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed robot

to move parts, materials, tools, or special devices through
variable programmed motions for the performance of a
variety of different task
21. Are paths that the robot must follow to accomplish work pre-
programmed
locations
22. The arm assembly of the robot manipulator

23. The total environment in which the robot must work cell
perform its task
24. The degrees of freedom of the robot manipulators

axes
25. The heart of operation in the robotic system controller
26. A device connected to the wrist flange of the end effector

manipulators arm
27. The space within which the robot can use its wrist work envelope
28. Refers to the movement of the base of the robot travel
29. The load capacity (weight) a manipulator can position payload
30. The methods of driving the robots axes actuation
31. An axes control where the movement of theses robots non-servo

is stopped by a hard mechanical stop placed in the travel control
path
32. An axes control that allows the mechanics of the robot servo control
to communicate with the electronics of the controller
33. A drive system reserved for the smaller robots pneumatic
34. A drive system used in larger robots hydraulics
35. A drive system good for robots in light-duty, precision electric robot
applications but does not offer the speed and strength
of the hydraulic drive
36. Use three perpendicular slides to construct the X, Y, and Cartesian

Z axes coordinates
37. Uses a vertical column and a slide that moves up and cylindrical
down the column coordinates
38. Uses a telescoping arm that can be lowered or raised polar

about a horizontal pivot which is mounted on a rotating coordinates

base
39. This configuration consists of two straight component articulate

mounted on a vertical pedestal coordinates
40. Describes the wrist angular movement from the left side yaw axis
to the right side
41. Describes the wrist rotational movement up and down pitch axis
42. Describes the rotation around the end of the wrist roll axis
43. Controllers that may be reprogrammed although their low-

reprogramming is a difficult task technology
44. Controllers that have a microprocessor-based system medium-

and some type of memory capacity technology
45. Controllers that have very large memory capacities, a high-

microprocessor, and co-microprocessor, servo control for technology
manipulator, and up to 32 input/output signals for
communication of the controller to peripheral device
46. A robot controllers operational aid that allows the teach pendant
programmer to enter positional information into the
users memory of the controller
47. A robot controllers operational aid that allows the operators

operator of the robotic work cell to maintain control panel
of the robot
48. A robot controllers operational aid that is used to input manual data
data to the program control registers or to edit program input panel
information
49. A totally automated process, which the operation is computer

controlled from one central computer control

Additional Topic: COMPUTER
1. An electronic data processing machine capable of performing computer

mathematical and logical operations accurately and
processing large volumes of data at high speeds
2. Classification of computers according to size mainframe,

minicomputers,
microcomputers
3. Classification of computers according to application scientific and

business
4. Classification of computers according to design general and

special
purpose
5. Programs that make computers work; set of instructions for software

the computer to follow
6. Physical components that make up a computer hardware
7. Interface or group of device where people talk to the input

computer
8. Consists of electronic circuits that interpret and execute central

program instructions as well as communicating with the processing
unit (CPU)
9. Devices that give out information coming from the computer; output
devices where computer interacts with the user devices
10. Storage where programs are placed inside the computer memory
System
11. Two types of memory main and

Secondary
memory
12. Input devices keyboard,

mouse, and bar

code reader
13. An input device that is moved by hand over a flat surface mouse
14. An input device that uses a laser beam to read special bar code
letters, numbers, or symbols reader
15. An indispensable output device similar to a television monitor
16. An output device that produces printed reports as printer

instructed by a computer program
17. Printers that combine a magnetic roller with powdered ink laser printers
called toner to transfer high quality characters or image
onto a page
18. Printers that have small nozzles that actually spray fast inkjet printers
drying ink onto the page to form characters or images
19. Printers that use print head to strike an inked ribbon dot matrix
against paper like a typewriter creating characters out printers
of a series of dots
20. An output device that uses a light source to read text and scanner
images directly to the computer
21. Scanners that look and behave like a photocopier; you lay flatbed
the item to be scanned on a glass plate and the scanning
head passes below the glass
22. Scanners that look like fax machine; the page or item is sheetfed
fed into the machine scanned, then spit out on the other
end
23. Scanners which are low cost alternative; a manual device hand
you move over a flat surface just as you do your PCs
mouse
24. A type of permanent memory, non-volatile; stores some read only

of the operating system software of the computer memory

25. The only software built-in into the computer system; BIOS
provides the interface between the computer hardware
system and the operating system; Basic Input Output
System
26. A chip where the various parameters needed by the BIOS CMOS
to perform its tasks are permanently saved
27. A chip that enables a set of instructions so the CPU can chipset
communicate with other parts of the motherboard
28. Memory where data and programs are stored; working random
storage of the computer system; read/write memory; access
temporary or volatile memory memory (ROM)
29. The main board and the most input part of the computer motherboard
30. A metal box found at the portion of the system unit case power supply
used to convert high voltage AC to a lower DC voltage to
power up the computers electronic components
31. The DC voltage that supplies to all electronic circuits on +5V

motherboards, adaptor cards, and peripheral devices such
as disk drives, keyboard, mouse, etc.
32. The DC voltage used mainly to power motors of disk +12V

device systems such as hard disk, CD-ROM, and floppy
disk device
33. A device that let you communicate over standard modem

telephone lines with other computer users; transfer
data, exchange electronic files and ever carry typed,
conversation is real time
34. Two types of modem internal and

external
35. A number system with a base 10 because it uses 10 digits decimal

and the coefficients are multiplied by powers of 10 system

36. A number system with 2 possible values 0 and 1 binary system
37. Used in digital computers for simplifying the subtraction complements

operations and for logical manipulations
38. A binary digit in a binary number system bit
39. A straight assignment of the binary equivalent binary coded

Decimal (BCD)
40. An error detection code where an extra bit included with parity bit
a message to make the total number of 1s either odd
or even
41. Binary code of a group of elements consisting of the 10 alphanumeric

decimal digits, the 26 letters of the alphabet and a certain codes
no. of special symbols such as $
42. Circuit whose input and output signals are 2 state, low or logic circuit
high voltages
43. Deals with variables that take on 2 discrete values and binary logic
with operations that assume logical meaning
44. One that stands for the more (+) of 2 voltage levels positive logic
45. One that stands for the more (-) of 2 voltage levels negative logic
46. A logic with one or more input signals but only one gate
output signal
47. A logic operation represented by a dot or by the absence AND

of an operator; a logic circuit where output is high only
when all inputs are high
48. A logic operation represented by a plus sign; a logic OR

circuit that produces a high output when 1 or more input
are high
49. A logic operation represented by a prime NOT

50. A block or hardware that produces a logic 1 or logic 0 logic circuit

output signal if input logic requirements are satisfied
51. Complement of the OR function and its name is NOR

abbreviation of Not-OR
52. Complement of the AND function and its name is NAND

abbreviation of Not-AND
53. Similar to OR but excludes the combination of both X or exclusive OR

Y equal to 1 (X-OR)
54. A function that is 1 when the 2 binary variables are exclusive NOR
equal that is when both are 0 or both are 1 (X-NOR)
55. Produces the transfer function but does not produce any buffer
particular logic operation since the binary value of the
output is equal to the binary value of the input
56. A set of elements, a set of operators and a no. of boolean

unproved axioms or postulates algebra
57. Common postulates in Algebra Closure,

Associate,
Commutative,
Identity,
Inverse, and
Distributive law
58. In 1854, he introduced a systematic treatment of logic George Boole

and developed for this purpose an algebraic system
59. In 1938, he introduced a 2-valued Boolean Algebra called C.E. Shannon

Switching Algebra, in which he demonstrated that the
properties of bistable electrical switching circuits can be
represented by this algebra
60. Every algebraic expression deducible from the postulates duality

of Boolean Algebra remains valid if the operators and principle
identity elements are interchanged

61. Boolean functions expressed as a sum of minterms or canonical

product of maxterms are said to be in _________ form
62. A Boolean expression containing AND terms called sum of products

product terms of one or more literals each (SOP)
63. A Boolean expression containing OR terms called sum product of sums

terms (POS)
64. May be regarded as a pictorial form of a truth table or as karnaugh map

an extension of the Venn diagram
65. Characteristic of the basic gate that specifies the no. of fan-out
standard loads that the output of the gate can drive
without impairment of its normal operation
66. Power consumed by the gate which must be available power

from the power supply dissipation
67. The average transition delay time for the signal to propa- propagation
gate from input to output when the signals change in delay
value
68. The limit of a noise voltage which may be present without noise margin
impairing the proper operation of the circuit
69. There are applications where certain combination of input dont care
variables never occur conditions
70. Consists of logic gates whose outputs at any time are combinational
determined directly from the present combination of logic circuits
inputs without regard to previous inputs
71. 2 binary inputs and 2 binary outputs half adder
72. A combinational circuit that forms the arithmetic sum of full adder
3 input bits; consists of 3 inputs and 2 outputs
73. A combinational logic circuit that recognizes the presence decoder

of a specific binary no. or word

74. A digital function that produces a reverse operation from encoder

that of a decoder; a combinational logic circuit that
accepts one or more inputs and generates a unique
multibit binary output
75. An electronic switch that permits any one of a number of multiplexer

inputs to be chosen and routed to the output
76. A combinational logic circuit that receives information on demultiplexer

a single line and transmits this information on one 2n
possible output lines
77. Employ memory element (binary cells) in addition to sequential

logic gates circuits
78. A system whose behaviour can be defined from the synchronous

knowledge of its signals at discrete instant of time sequential
circuits
79. A 2 state circuit that can remain in either state flip flop
indefinitely; also called bistable multivibrator
80. A flip flop used to eliminate the possibility of race D flip flop
condition (D latch)
81. A flip flop that has ideal memory element when it comes JK flip flop
to circuits that count
82. Change of the output to the opposite state in a JK flip flop toggle
83. Changing the output state of a flip flop on the rising and edge
falling edge of a clock pulse triggering
84. The minimum amount of time the input signal must be hold time
held constant after the clock has struck
85. The minimum amount of time the inputs to a flip flop set-up time
must be present before the clock edge arrives
86. The time it takes for the output of a gate or flip flop to propagation
change after inputs have changed time delay

87. A type of triggering in which the output of a flip flop level

responds to the level (high or low) of the clock signal clocking
88. The simplest type of flip flop, consisting 2 cross coupled latch
NAND and NOR latches
89. A type of triggering using 2 cascaded latches master-slave

trigerring
90. An undesirable condition which may exist in a system race condition

when two or more inputs change simultaneously
91. A group of memory elements that work together as a register

unit; primary purpose is to store a word
92. A register that temporarily stores a word during data buffer register
processing
93. A register that can shift the stored bots one position to shift register
the left or right
94. A shift register that has control inputs that determine control shift
what it does on the next clock pulse register
95. Means storing a word in the shift register by entering series loading
1 bit per clock pulse
96. Loading all bits of a word in parallel during one clock parallel or
pulse broadside
loading
97. A register capable of counting the member clock pulses counter

that have arrived at its clock input
98. Counts clock pulses only when commanded to do so controlled

counter
99. A counter in which the clock drives each flip flop to synchronous
eliminate the ripple delay counter
100. A counter producing words with 1 high bit which shifts ring counter

one position per clock pulse
101. A counter that allows you to preset a number which the presettable
count begins counter
102. A group with wires used as a common word path by bus

several registers
103. Where the programs and data are stored before the memory
calculations begin
104. A way of specifying the location of data in memory, address

similar to a house address
105. The time it takes to read the contents of a memory access time
location after it has been addressed
106. A type of memory in which data stored in the memory is volatile

lost when the power is turned off
107. A type of memory in which data stored is not lost when non-volatile
the power is turned off
108. A ROM which allows the user to store data PROM

(programmable
ROM)
109. A device that is ultraviolet-erasable and electrically EPROM

Erasable
PROM
110. Non volatile like EPROM, but does not require ultraviolet EEPROM
light to be erased electrically
erasable PROM
111. Read/write memory; you can read the contents with a RAM
memory location or write new content to it random access
memory
112. A RAM that uses bipolar or MOS flip flops; data is static RAM
retained indefinitely as long as power is applied to the

flip flops
113. Uses MOSFETS and capacitors that store data dynamic RAM
114. Sandwiches a thin film with magnetic material between bubble

to permanent bias magnets memory
115. A small single chip that is capable of processing data and microprocessor
controlling all the components whether input or output;
the brain of the computer
116. A microprocessor part that contains the microprocessor arithmetic

data processing logic logic unit (ALU)
117. A prominent microprocessor part wherein the data is register

being stored
118. Refer to all programs which can assist users of a software

particular type of computer to make the best use of
their machine
119. A way detailed list of steps which must be followed to program

accomplish a certain task
120. A diagrammatic representation of a sequence of events flowchart
121. A section of a program which will repeat over and over loop
again
122. A program in which each step is followed by the next straight-line

without any alternate routes or paths program
123. Allows us to write one program that can do different branching

things at different times
124. A section of a program which causes different actions to branch

be taken based on conditions
125. A portion of the program which is called upon to perform subroutine

a specific task

126. Only language the computer actually understands; machine

consists of 1s and 0s language
127. A low-level language which uses mnemonics in place of assembly

binary patterns language
128. Abbreviations for machine language instructions; mnemonics

something that aids to memory
129. A programming language that uses advanced commands high level

languages
130. A language that handles high level mathematics very well FORTRAN
and is designed for scientists and engineers; formula
translation
131. A high level language tailored to the needs of business; COBOL

Common Business Oriented Language
132. A high level language designed to be easy for non BASIC

professional programmers to learn and use; beginners
all purpose symbolic instruction code
133. A high level language designed to encourage the PASCAL

programmer to adhere to what are considered correct
programming practices; named after the French
mathematician, Blaise Pascal
134. A programming language in between high level and low in-between

level languages languages
135. 2 ways to convert source code to object code manual

assembly and
assembly or
monitor
136. A program (usually stored in ROM) which gives the monitor

programmer access to the microprocessors stack,
accumulator, registers, and so forth
137. A program which translates assembly language assembler

mnemonics into binary patterns (machine language)
138. A program which translates binary patterns (machine disassembler

language) into assembly language mnemonics
139. A complex program which converts computer instructions compiler

written in a source language into machine code
140. A tool which helps you stay organized as you write worksheet
Programs
141. A computer because it stores a program and data before SAP - 1

calculations begin, then it automatically carries out the
program instructions without human intervention
142. Next step in the evolution toward modern computers SAP - 2

because it includes jump instructions
143. 8 bit microcomputer that is upward compatible with the SAP - 3

8080 microprocessor

Rizal Technological University

College of Engineering and Industrial Technology
BOOK REVIEW
in
ELECTRONICS
th
Reference: Basic Electronics, 9 edition
by Bernard Grob
Prepared by:
AO, JO ALDIN G.
BSECE CEIT-05-1002P
Submitted to:
PROF. PHILANDER LOMBOY

Instructor
2005-06 (2nd semester)

ELEX Book Review

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BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS

2) The smallest amount of electric charge having the electron

3) The basic particle with positive polarity proton

5) The central ass of an atom which consist protons and nucleus

7) A material where electrons can move easily from atom to conductor

8) A material with atoms in which electrons tend to stay in insulator

9) An insulating material such as glass, rubber, paper, or dielectric

10) A substance that cannot be decomposed any further element

11) The orbits for the planetary electrons shells or

12) Gives the number of protons or electrons required in atomic

13) The maximum number of electrons in a filled inner shell 2n2

14) The number of electrons in an incomplete outermost electron valence

Prepared by JO ALDIN GONZALES AO 1

15) Neutrally charged particle neutron

16) The analysis of static charges and their forces electrostatics

18) Unit of potential difference named after Alessandro Volta volt

19) A measure of the amount of work or energy needed to volt

20) The ratio of flow of charge current

21) Unit of current named after Andre M. Ampere ampere

22) The quantity of electricity accumulated in a dielectric charge

23) A vacant space where an electron is missing hole charge

26) The practical unit of resistance ohm

27) The opposite of resistance conductance

28) The unit for conductance siemen/mho

31) The direction of current is from a point of negative electron flow

32) The direction of current is from a point of positive conventional

Prepared by JO ALDIN GONZALES AO 2

potential to a point of negative potential current

33) Unidirectional current direct current

34) Current that periodically reverses in direction alternating

35) Occurs when one charged object comes in contact electrostatic

38) An electrical pressure or force that exists between potential

Prepared by JO ALDIN GONZALES AO 3

CHAPTER 28 ELECTRONIC DEVICES

1) Elements that have atoms with an electron valence of 4 semiconductors

2) A combination of atoms sharing groups of valence electrons covalent bond

3) Pure semiconductor without any added impurities intrinsic

4) Process of adding impurities that result in the desired doping

5) The doped form of semiconductor extrinsic

6) One missing electron in such a covalent bond that can be hole

7) Extrinsic semiconductor which has many free electrons N- type

8) Extrinsic semiconductor which has many free positive P-type

9) Motion of electrons in N-type semiconductors or hole forward

10) Very small current of minority carriers reverse

12) A thin junction between successive layers of P type PN junction

13) It has a PN junction used as a one-way conductor for semiconductor

14) A graphical plot of I and V for a PN junction volt-ampere

15) Is an internal contact potential which prevents electron Internal

Prepared by JO ALDIN GONZALES AO 4

16) This function is converting ac input from the 60 Hz power supply

18) In these circuits, the diode functions as a switch digital logic

21) BJT electrode which supplies free charges emitter

22) BJT electrode which controls the flow of charges base

27) FET terminal where current leaves the channel drain

28) FET electrode that controls the conductance of the gate

Prepared by JO ALDIN GONZALES AO 5

32) A normally on IGFET depletion type

33) A normally off IGFET enhancement

Prepared by JO ALDIN GONZALES AO 6

CHAPTER 29 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

1) A circuit that increases the magnitude or amplitude of amplifier

2) The two broad areas of the world of electronics analog and

3) Consists mainly of amplifiers for voltage or current variations analog

4) Circuits that provide electronic switching of voltage pulses digital circuits