MEASURES OF LOCATIONS

or FRACTILES
PERCENTILES
DECILES
QUARTILES
Percentiles are values that divide a set of observations in an array
into 100 equal parts.

P1, read as first percentile, interpreted as 1% is below the given value.

P2, read as second percentile, interpreted as 2% is below the given
value.
.
.
.

P99, read as ninety-ninth percentile, interpreted as 99% is below the

given value.
The percentile corresponding to given value X is computed by using the following
formula: (number of value below X ) + 0.5
Percentile = (100)
tota l n umber of values
Example 1: A teacher gives a 20-pt. test to 10 students. The scores are
18 15 12 6 8 2 3 5 20, and 10. Find the percentile rank of a score of 12.
Solution: Arrange the data in order from lowest to highest.

2, 3 , 5, 6 , 8 ,10, 12, 15, 18 , 20 . Substitute in the formula.

Percentile=[ (number of values below X)+0.5/ total number of values] (100)

Percentile= [ ( 6+0.5)/10 ](100)=65th percentile

Thus, a student whose score was 12 did better than 65% of the class.
 Example 2: The following were the scores of 10 students in a
short quiz: 2 8 6 9 7 5 8 10 10 1. Find the 64th
percentile.
th
i (n + 1)
Pi = the value of the observatio n in the array
100
Arrange the data from lowest to highest:
1 2 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 10
th
64(10 + 1)
P64 = observation = 7.04 or 8 th observation
100

Therefore, the 64th percentile is 9, which is interpreted

as 64% of the scores are below 9.
Deciles are values that divide a set of observations in an array
into 10 equal parts.

D1, read as first decile, interpreted as 10% is below the given value.
D2, read as second decile, interpreted as 20% is below the given
value.
.
.
.

D9, read as ninth decile, interpreted as 90% is below the given

value.
 Example 1:
A psychologist obtained the IQ scores of 10 students. The
IQ scores are as follow:

110 95 85 140 132 100 95 70 85 100

Find D7
 Arrange from lowest to highest:

70 85 85 95 95 100 100 110 132 140

th
i (n + 1)
D i = the value of the observatio n in the array
10

th
7(10 + 1)
D7 = observation = 7.7 or 8 th observation
10

Therefore, the 7th decile is 110, which is interpreted as

70% of the IQ scores are below 110.
Quartiles are values that divide a set of observations in an array
into 4 equal parts.

Q1, read as first quartile, interpreted as 25% is below the given value.
Q2, read as second quartile, interpreted as 50% is below the given
value.
Q3, read as third quartile, interpreted as 75% is below the given
value.
 Percentiles, Deciles and Quartiles of
ungrouped data.
To compute for the ith percentile:
th
i (n + 1)
Pi = the value of the observation in the array
100
To compute for the ith Decile:
th
i (n + 1)
Di = the value of the observation in the array
10
To compute for the ith Quartile:
th
i (n + 1)
Qi = the value of the observation in the array
4
Note: If the value obtained is not a whole number, round up to
the next whole number.
 Example
A psychologist obtained the IQ scores of 10
students. The IQ scores are as follow:

110 95 85 140 132 100 95 70 85 100

Find Q3.
Special Percentiles - Deciles and Quartiles
D1, D2, , D9 corresponds P10, P20, , P90
Q1, Q2 and Q3 corresponds to P25, P50 and P75.
The median is the same as P50, D5 or Q2.

P10 P20 P30 P40 P50 P60 P70 P80 P90

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9

Q1 Q2 Q3
Percentiles, Deciles and Quartiles of
grouped data.

in
< CFPi1
Pi = LCBPi + c 100
f Pi


Example 1: Find the 35th percentile.
in
< CFPi1
Pi = LCBPi + c 100
f Pi

38.5 34
P35 = 69.5 + 5 = 70.82
17
Thus, 35% of the scores are below 70.82.
Percentiles, Deciles and Quartiles of
grouped data.

in
< CFDi1
Di = LCBDi + c 10
f Di


Example 2: Find the 6th Decile.
in
< CFDi1
Di = LCBDi + c 10
f Di

66 51
D6 = 74.5 + 5 = 78.45
19

Thus, 60% of the scores are below 78.45.

Percentiles, Deciles and Quartiles of
grouped data.

in
< CFQi1
Qi = LCBQi + c 4
f Qi


Table: Scores of 110 Students in an Achievement Test

Exercise:

Find the 1st quartile

 End of Lesson
Thank you for listening!