INTRODUCTION

Crime is an inevitable general feature of every society. It makes it clear that rapid social changes
are giving rise to greater criminal activities which must be overcome by the law and criminal
justice system. The criminal law of every country defines some act which it regards as criminal
acts and provides sanction against the individual o is responsible for the commission of such
acts. An individual who is with such an act is known to be accused. Every mature legal system of
the world weather it American, Indian, Britain, or soviet union regards accused as innocent until
proven guilty beyond all reasonable doubts.

The criminal procedure code, 1898 was enacted almost in the end of nineteenth century. After
facing so many problems in giving justice. The code of criminal procedure 1973 was therefore
enacted by the parliament. The new code came into effect on April, 1, 1974. The object of the
criminal procedure code 1973 is to ensure that the accused person gets a fair trial. The criminal
procedure refers to the methods by which the criminal justice system functions. Indian
constitution also protects the rights of accused.

Some have said that U.S. law affords more rights to accused criminals than it does to ordinary
private citizens or even to the victims of injustice. In many ways this is true because it is the
foundation of U.S. law that all suspects are innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. In order
to protect that right for the accused, investigations into criminal activity must be followed by
procedural code.

The rights of the accused are based upon the Bill of Rights of the Constitution, which were
created based upon the values and order systems observed in colonial days and even in Britain
before America was founded. Although those rights have been altered slightly through legislation
and case law, the same inherent rights remain true today, and the accused have rights that cannot
be revoked.

In 1215, after King John of England violated a number of ancient laws and customs by which
England had been governed, his subjects forced him to sign the Magna Carta, which enumerates
what later came to be thought of as human rights. The protection of the rights of accused against
the coercive powers of the state is part of the human rights propaganda initiated by United
Nations organization and also in ICCPR. The municipal law of both India and Soviet Union is in
consonance with the norms adopted by the united nation for the protection of the rights of
accused

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Rights of alleged accused, suspect, under trial prisoners and convicts have global and
multidimensional aspect relating with human dignity. These rights should be protected for
securing and maintaining the human dignity and also protecting the innocent persons. These
rights should not be abused at the cost of administrative and executive and whenever required
needs and shall receive legislative and judicial attention. The proposed research crystallize
various aspects of rights of accused, under trial prisoners and convicts which are necessary for
the protection of basic values cherished by the people of this country (India) since the Vedic
times and they are calculated to protect the dignity and create conditions in which all these
people can develop their personality to the fullest extent.Under this work the following aspects
shall be considered in depth, i.e. Rights of accused, under trial prisoners & convict under
criminal laws of India, Constitution, International covenants, rights derived from judicial
pronouncement and its Human Rights Perspectives.Findings and conclusions from empirical
study & model forms of questionnaires and its interpretation is the part of the propose work. This
deals with non-doctrinal aspect of proposed work. It includes practical visits to court, Jail, Police
Station, to find out practicalness of the problem and appraisal of present conditions in jail and
police station.The most of the research work shall be based on the law pertaining to India and
wherever it is necessary to take into consideration the International Covenants, shall be
considered.At last the proposed work concluded with conclusion & recommendations.