BSI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION

December 2013

FB-MultiPier Soil Parameter Table

(US Customary Unit)

The Bridge software Institute disclaims any warranty, expressed or implied, including but not
limited to, any implied warranty of accuracy for a particular purpose or accuracy of the Florida
Pier software. The BSI shall not be liable for any damages incurred through the use of the
provided information. Thus, All parameters for soil models available in the FB-MultiPier
program must be used for preliminary design purpose only.

Bridge Software Institute

Department of Civil & Coastal Engineering

College of Engineering

University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida 32611

Engineering and Industrial Experiment Station

 Cohesionless Soil
Soil properties for preliminary design only.
Cohesionless Soil Properties Symbol Units Loose Medium Dense References :
Total Unit Weight pcf 90 115 110 130 110 140 Ref.[1]
Corrected SPT Blow Count N 60 4 10 10 30 30 50 Ref.[2]
Relative Density Dr % 15 35 35 65 65 85 Ref.[3]
Angle of Internal Friction deg 29 30 30 36 36 41 Ref.[4]
Coefficient of Lateral Earth Pressure
K0 0.51 0.5 0.5 0.41 0.41 0.34 K 0 = 1 sin ( ) (1) Ref.[5]
(From Eqn. (1) using )
Subgrade Modulus (Below Water Table) kbw pci 20 30 30 100 100 160 Ref.[6]
Subgrade Modulus (Above Water Table) kaw pci 20 50 50 165 165 275 Ref.[6]
Poisson's Ratio 0.20 - 0.40 0.25 - 0.40 0.30 - 0.45 Ref.[7]
Young's Modulus
(From Eqn. (2) using =5, pa =2000psf Eem psf 40000 100000 100000 300000 300000 500000 Eem = pa * * N 60 (2) Ref.[8]
and N 60 )
Young's Modulus
(From Eqn. (2) using =10, pa =2000psf Eem psf 80000 200000 200000 600000 600000 1000000
and N 60 )
Young's Modulus
( From Eqn. (3) using B = 24in, E psf 66360 99530 97200 324000 314500 503190 E = k * B *(1 2 ) (3) Ref.[9]
=the minimum of the range, and kbw )
Young's Modulus
( From Eqn. (3) using B = 24in, E psf 66360 165890 162000 534600 518920 864860
=the minimum of the range, and kaw )
Notation:
Eem = Elastic Modulus based on empirical equation.
 Cohesionless Soil (Contd.)
Soil properties for preliminary design only.
Cohesionless Soil Properties Symbol Units Loose Medium Dense References :
Shear Modulus
(From Eqn. (4) with Eem of =5, and Gem ksi 0.12 0.29 0.28 0.83 0.80 1.33 G = E ( 2 (1 + ) ) (4) Ref.[10]
=the minimum of the range)
Shear Modulus
(From Eqn. (4) with Eem of =10, and Gem ksi 0.23 0.58 0.55 1.67 1.6 2.67
=the minimum of the range)
Shear Modulus
(From Eqn. (4) with E of kbw , and G ksi 0.19 0.29 0.27 0.9 0.84 1.34
=the minimum of the range)
Shear Modulus
(From Eqn. (4) with E of kaw , and G ksi 0.19 0.48 0.45 1.48 1.38 2.31
=the minimum of the range)
Shear Modulus 0.68
Gmax ksi 0.62 1.16 1.16 2.45 2.45 3.47 Gmax (ksf ) = 35* ( N 60 ) (5) Ref.[11]
(From Eqn. (5) using N 60 )
Ultimate Unit End Bearing ksi See Fig.2 (For Driven Piles) on pp. 8
Axial Bearing Failure kips Ultimate Unit End Bearing x Tip Area
See Fig.3 (For Driven Piles) on pp. 9 and
Ultimate Unit Skin Friction psf
Fig.4 (For Drilled Shafts) on pp. 10
 Cohesive Soil
Soil properties for preliminary design only.
Cohesive Soil Properties Symbol Units Soft Medium Stiff References :
Total Unit Weight pcf 100 120 110 130 120 140 Ref.[12]
Corrected SPT Blow Count N 60 2 4 4 8 8 15 Ref. [13]
Unconfined Compressive Strength qu tsf 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 1 2 Ref. [13]
Undrained Shear Strength Cu psf 250 500 500 1000 1000 2000 Ref. [14]
Average Undrained Shear Strength psf 375 750 1500
Major Principal Strain @ 50% 50 0.02 0.01 0.005 Ref. [15]
Major Principal Strain @ 100% 100 0.06 0.03 0.015 Ref. [16]
Subgrade Modulus (Static Loading) k pci NA NA 500 Ref. [17]
Subgrade Modulus (Cycling Loading) k pci NA NA 200 Ref. [17]
Poisson's Ratio 0.4 0.45 0.5 Ref. [18]
Elastic Modulus E psi 415 1735 1735 4860 4860 >13890 Ref. [19]
Shear Modulus
G ksi 0.15 0.62 0.60 1.68 1.62 4.63 G = E ( 2 (1 + ) ) (4) Ref.[10]
(From Eqn. (4) using E , and )
Ultimate Unit End Bearing ksi See Fig.2 (For Driven Piles) on pp. 8
Axial Bearing Failure kips Ultimate Unit End Bearing x Tip Area
Ultimate Unit Skin Friction psf See Fig. 3 (For Driven Piles) on pp. 9

Note: For the input values of vertical failure shear stress and torsional shear stress, the ultimate unit skin friction for a pile or drilled shaft can be
used.
General Rock Properties
Soil properties for preliminary design only.
Rock Type Symbol Units Limestone Sandstone References :
Unit Weight pcf 130 - 175 145- 170 Ref. [20], Ref.[21]
Rock Quality Designation RQD % 20 50 100 20 50 100 Ref. [22]
Modulus Ratio Em Ei 0.05 0.15 1 0.05 0.15 1 Ref. [22]
Elastic Modulus Ei ksi 5700 2130 Ref. [22]
Mass Modulus
Em ksi 285 855 5700 106.5 319.5 2130 Em = ( Em Ei ) * Ei (6)
(From Eqn. (6) using Em Ei and Ei )
Poisson's Ratio 0.23 0.2 Ref. [22]
Shear Modulus
G ksi 115.85 347.56 2317.07 44.37 133.12 887.5 G = E ( 2 (1 + ) ) (4) Ref. [10]
(From Eqn. (4) using Em , and )
Angle of Internal Friction deg 34 40 27 34 Ref. [22]
Unconfined Compressive Strength qu psf 500000 6000000 1400000 3600000 Ref. [23]
Split Tensile Strength qt psf 50000 600000 140000 360000 Ref. [24]

Rock Type Symbol Units Granite Quartzite

Unit Weight pcf 160 - 190 130 - 170 Ref. [20], Ref.[21]
Rock Quality Designation RQD % 20 50 100 20 50 100 Ref. [22]
Modulus Ratio Em Ei 0.05 0.15 1 0.02 0.15 1 Ref. [22]
Elastic Modulus Ei ksi 7640 9590 Ref. [22]
Mass Modulus
Em ksi 382 1146 7640 191.8 1438.5 9590 Em = ( Em Ei ) * Ei (6)
(From Eqn. (6) using Em Ei and Ei )
Poisson's Ratio 0.2 0.14 Ref. [22]
Shear Modulus
G ksi 159.17 477.5 3183.33 84.12 630.92 4206.14 G = E ( 2 (1 + ) ) (4) Ref. [10]
(From Eqn. (4) using Em , and )
Angle of Internal Friction deg 34 40 NA Ref. [22]
Unconfined Compressive Strength qu psf 300000 7000000 1300000 8000000 Ref. [23]
Split Tensile Strength qt psf 30000 700000 130000 800000 Ref. [24]
General Rock Properties
Soil properties for preliminary design only.
Low Medium Very High
Geotechnical Description Symbol Units High Strength References :
Strength Strength Strength
Unconfined Compressive Strength qu psf <209000 209000417500 4175001252500 >1252500 Ref. [24], Ref. [25]
Split Tensile Strength qt psf <20900 2090041750 41750125250 >125250 Ref. [24]
Ultimate Unit Skin Friction (Drilled shaft)
fs psf <19800 1980028000 2800048500 >48500 f s ( MPa ) = 0.3* qu (7) Ref. [25]
(From Eqn. (7) using qu )
Ultimate Unit End Bearing (Drilled shaft)
qb ksf <317100 317100448100 448100776200 >776200 qb ( MPa ) = 4.8* qu (8) Ref. [25]
(From Eqn. (8) using qu )

Ultimate Unit Skin Friction (Driven Piles) fs psf f s = 20.877* ( 2.8*  + 10 ) Ref. [25]

Ultimate Unit End Bearing (Driven Piles) qb ksf qb = 0.0209*180*  Ref. [25]
Axial Bearing Failure kips Unit End Bearing x Tip Area
 Florida Limestone
Soil properties for preliminary design only.
Average G G
fs
Bridges (See the map Test RQD (From Eqn.(4) (From Eqn.(4)
qu qt Ei Em Ei Em (From Eqn.(9)
for locations) Shaft ( % ) using Ei and using Ei and
using qu and qt )
= 0.33) = 0.12)
Units psf psf ksi ksi psf pcf ksi ksi
Reference: [26] [26] [26] [26] [26] [26] [26] [26] [22] [22] [10] [10]
LTSO 3 43 61400 19200 466.38 0.127 59.23 10240.54 NA 34-40 0.12-0.33 175.33 208.2
17th Street Causeway
LTSO 4 41.9 277200 29000 626.53 0.123 77.06 26195.37 NA 34-40 0.12-0.33 235.54 279.7
Acosta Test 1 34.2 170600 36800 579.04 0.1 57.90 19112.59 NA 34-40 0.12-0.33 217.68 258.5
46-11A 78 24300 2000 98.61 0.535 52.75 2692.55 130 34-40 0.12-0.33 37.07 44.02
Apalachicola 62-5 58.2 10600 1600 43.01 0.37 15.91 1471.38 130 34-40 0.12-0.33 16.17 19.20
69-7 54 10200 800 41.39 0.26 10.76 985.97 130 34-40 0.12-0.33 15.56 18.48
LT-3a 31 86000 19200 258.78 0.09 23.29 8752.16 130 34-40 0.12-0.33 97.29 115.53
Fuller Warren
LT4 33 177000 22800 456.62 0.096 43.83 14729.79 130 34-40 0.12-0.33 171.66 203.85
52-6 78 73200 27800 322.86 0.78 251.83 17423.04 110 34-40 0.12-0.33 121.37 144.13
Gandy
91-4 52 8600 2200 274.14 0.21 57.57 1471.77 120 34-40 0.12-0.33 103.06 122.38
Victory 10-2 29.8 314000 50200 2880.5 0.083 239.08 25729.76 110 34-40 0.12-0.33 1082.9 1285.9

Properties Symbol Units Florida Limestone

Ultimate Unit Skin Friction fs psf See Fig. 3(Driven Piles) on pp.9

Ultimate Unit End Bearing qb psf See Fig. 2(Driven Piles) on pp.8

Axial Bearing Failure kips Unit End Bearing x Tip Area

f s = 1 * qu * qt * ( Adjusted % RQD ) (9) Ref. [26]

2
E
G= (4) Ref. [10]
2* (1 + )

Figure 1 Geographic Location of Load Test Sites

For Driven Piles - The Ultimate End bearing of any pile can be calculated from
the below graph if the SPT blow count are available

n := 60 i := 1 .. n + 1 N := ( i 1)
i

2
Sand(Conc/Steel/HPile) := 3.2 N Ultimate End Bearing for Concrete, Steel and H piles in Sand
i i 144

2
Clay(Conc/Steel/HPile) := 0.7 N Ultimate End Bearing for Concrete, Steel and H piles in Clay
i i 144

2
Limestone(Conc/HPile) := 3.6 N Ultimate End Bearing for Concrete and H piles in Florida Limestone
i i 144

Limestone(Steel) := 3.6 N 2 if N 30
i 144 Ultimate End Bearing for Steel piles in Florida
i
i
Limestone
(N 30) 23 otherwise
36 + 7 i
30 144

Ultimate End Bearing (Driven Piles)

3

2.5
Ultimate End Bearing (ksi)

2
Sand(Conc/Steel/HPile)

Clay(Conc/Steel/HPile)

Limestone(Conc/HPile) 1.5

Limestone(Steel)

0.5

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
N

SPT Blow-count (N)

Figure 2
For Driven Piles - The Ultimate Skin Friction of any pile can be calculated
from the below graph if the SPT blow count are available
n := 60 i := 1 .. n + 1 N := ( i 1)
i
Ultimate Skin Friction for Concrete Piles in Sand...

Sand(Conc) := 0.019 N 2000

i i

Ultimate Skin Friction for Steel Piles in Sand...

Sand(Steel) := 0.026 + 0.023 N 1.435 10 ( i) 2000

4 7
( i)
2 3
N 6.527 10 N
i i

Ultimate Skin Friction for Concrete Piles in Clay...

2 Ni ( 110 Ni)
Clay(Conc) := 2000
i 4006.6

Ultimate Skin Friction for Steel Piles in Clay...

Clay(Steel) := 8.081 10 ( i) 2000

4 3 6
( i)
2 3
+ 0.058 N 1.202 10 N + 8.785 10 N
i i

Ultimate Skin Friction for Concrete and Steel Piles in Florida Limestone...

Limestone(Conc/Steel) := 0.01 N 2000

i ( )
i

Ultimate Skin Friction (Driven Piles)

3500

3000
Ultimate Skin Friction (psf)

2500
Sand(Conc)

Sand(Steel)
2000
Clay(Conc)

Clay(Steel)
1500
Limestone(Conc/Steel)

1000

500

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
N

SPT Blow-count (N)

Figure 3
 For Drilled shafts - The Ultimate Unit Skin Friction for Sand with respect to
the depth can be found out from the graph below
start := 0 end := 180 h := 5
( end start )
n := i := 1 .. ( n ) Depth := start + ( i 1 ) h Depth from 0 to 175 ft
h i

:= 1.2 if Depth 5
i i
0.25 if Depth > 86
i

(1.5 0.135 Depth

i) otherwise

Assumed Density of Sand... := 110 pcf

Density of Water... water := 62.4 pcf

Vertical effective stress...

i
( )
'Water := water Depth
i
Water Table at the surface

'NoWater := ( ) Depth No Water Table

i i

Ultimate Skin Friction with water table at surface SFwWT := 'Water

i i i
Ultimate Skin Friction with no water table SFw/oWT := 'NoWater
i i i

Ultimate Skin Friction of Sand (Drilled Shaft)

0

20

40

60
Depth (ft)

Depth(Water Table at Surface) 80

Depth(No Water Table)

100

120

140

160

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

SFwWT, SFw/oWT

Ultimate Unit Skin Friction (psf)

Figure 4
References:

1. "Foundation Analysis and Design", 5th Edition, Joseph E. Bowles, Table 3-4, pp 163.

2. "Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice", 3rd Editon, Karl Terzaghi , Ralph Peck, Gholamreza Mesri , 1996, Table
12.1, pp. 60.

3. FB MultiPier Help Manual -> 11.3.8 Subgrade Modulus -> Figure B7 (Source: "Research on Determining the
Density of Sands by Spoon Penetration Testing", H.J.Gibbs, W.G.Holtz, 1957, Proc. 4th International Conference
on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 35-39).

4. FB MultiPier Help Manual -> 11.3.8 Subgrade Modulus -> Figure B7 (Source: American Petroleum Institute (API),
1987, Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing xed offshore platforms, API
Recommended practice 2A (RP 2A), 17th Ed, Figure 6.8.7-1, pp.70).

5. "Foundation Analysis and Design", 5th Edition, Joseph E. Bowles, Equation 2-18a, pp.41.

6. FB MultiPier Help Manual ->11.3.8 Subgrade Modulus -> Figure B8 (Source: American Petroleum Institute (API),
1987, Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing xed offshore platforms, API
Recommended practice 2A (RP 2A), 17th Ed, Figure 6.8.7-1, pp.70).

7. "Principles of Foundation Engineering", 6th Edition, Braja Das, Table 5.8, pp. 240.

8. "Principles of Foundation Engineering", 6th Edition, Braja Das, Equation 5.43, pp. 240.

9. "Principles of Foundation Engineering", 6th Edition, Braja Das, Equation 6.5, pp. 294.

10. "Foundation Analysis and Design, 5th Edition, Joseph E. Bowles, Equation (a), pp. 121.

11. Seismic Response Analysis of a Highway Overcrossing Equipped with Elastomeric Bearings and Fluid
Dampers, Nicos Makris & Jian Zhang, Equation (1), Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 6, June 2004,
pp. 830-845 (Source: Correlations among seismic motion, ground conditions, and damage: Data on the
Miyagiken-oki earthquake of 1978, Imai T. and Tonouchi K., 1982, Proc. 3rd Int. Earthquake Miscorzonation Conf.,
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Vol. 2, pp. 649660.).

12. "Foundation Analysis and Design", 2nd Edition, Joseph E. Bowles, Table 3-4, pp. 86.

13. "Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice", 3rd Editon, Karl Terzaghi , Ralph Peck, Gholamreza Mesri, 1996,
Table 12.2, pp. 63.

14. Soil Mechanics, 1st Edition, T. W. Lambe, R. V. Whitman, 1969, Section 29.8, pp.451.

15. Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay, Matlock, H., 1970, Proceedings, Offshore
Technology Conference, Vol. I, Paper No. 1204, Houston, Texas, pp. 577-594.

16. Single Piles and Pile Groups under Lateral Loading, Lymon C. Reese, William F. Van Impe, Figure 3.11, pp.
71.

17. Laterally Loaded Piles and Computer Program COM624G, Reese L.C., Cooley L.A., Radhakrishnan N., 1984,
Technical Report K-84-2, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Table 4, pp. 60.

18. "Foundation Analysis and Design", 5th Edition, Joseph E. Bowles, Table 2-7, pp. 123.

19. Engineering and Design Settlement Analysis, EM1110-1-1904, Appendix D, Table D-3, pp. D-5.
20. A Treatise on the Principles and Practice of Harbour Engineering, Brysson Cunningham, pp. 86.

21. Bulletin, Issue 2, Utah Engineering Experiment Station, pp. 16.

22. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification, 5th Edition, Section 10(Foundations), pp. (10-25) (10-27).

23. AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, 16th Edition, 1996, Table 4.4.1.2B, pp. 64.

24. Handbook of Geotechnical Investigation and Design Tables, Burt Look, pp. 65.

25. Geophysical testing for rock assessment and pile design, Lani Cheenikal, Harry Poulos, Robert Whiteley,
Coffey Geotechnics, Australia. (Internet link:
http://www.coffey.com/Uploads/Documents/Geophysical%20testing%20for%20rock%20assessment%20and%20
pile%20design_20100625141417.pdf)

26. Static and Dynamic Field Testing of Drilled Shafts: Suggested Guidelines on their use for FDOT Structures,
Michael McVay, Ralph D. Ellis Jr., Final Report, FDOT No. 99052794.
BSI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION

December 2013

FB-MultiPier Soil Parameter Table

(SI Unit)

The Bridge software Institute disclaims any warranty, expressed or implied, including but not
limited to, any implied warranty of accuracy for a particular purpose or accuracy of the Florida
Pier software. The BSI shall not be liable for any damages incurred through the use of the
provided information. Thus, All parameters for soil models available in the FB-MultiPier
program must be used for preliminary design purpose only.

Bridge Software Institute

Department of Civil & Coastal Engineering

College of Engineering

University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida 32611

Engineering and Industrial Experiment Station

 Cohesionless Soil
Soil properties for preliminary design only.
Cohesionless Soil Properties Symbol Units Loose Medium Dense References :
Total Unit Weight kN m3 14 18 17 20 17 22 Ref.[1]
Corrected SPT Blow Count N 60 4 10 10 30 30 50 Ref.[2]
Relative Density Dr % 15 35 35 65 65 85 Ref.[3]
Angle of Internal Friction deg 29 30 30 36 36 41 Ref.[4]
Coefficient of Lateral Earth Pressure
K0 0.51 0.5 0.5 0.41 0.41 0.34 K 0 = 1 sin ( ) (1) Ref.[5]
(From Eqn. (1) using )
Subgrade Modulus (Below Water Table) kbw kN m3 5430 8140 8140 27145 27145 43430 Ref.[6]
Subgrade Modulus (Above Water Table) kaw kN m3 5430 13570 13570 44790 44790 74650 Ref.[6]
Poisson's Ratio 0.20 - 0.40 0.25 - 0.40 0.30 - 0.45 Ref.[7]
Young's Modulus
(From Eqn. (2) using =5, pa =100kPa, Eem kPa 2000 5000 5000 15000 15000 25000 Eem = pa * * N 60 (2) Ref.[8]
and N 60 )
Young's Modulus
(From Eqn. (2) using =10, pa =100kPa, Eem kPa 4000 10000 10000 30000 30000 50000
and N 60 )
Young's Modulus
( From Eqn. (3) using B = 0.61m, E kPa 3180 4765 4655 15525 15070 24110 E = k * B *(1 2 ) (3) Ref.[9]
=the minimum of the range, and kbw )
Young's Modulus
( From Eqn. (3) using B = 0.61m, E kPa 3180 7945 7760 25615 24865 41440
=the minimum of the range, and kaw )
Notation:
Eem = Elastic Modulus based on empirical equation.
 Cohesionless Soil (Contd.)
Soil properties for preliminary design only.
Cohesionless Soil Properties Symbol Units Loose Medium Dense References :
Shear Modulus
(From Eqn. (4) with Eem of =5, and Gem kPa 833 2083 2000 6000 5769 9615 G = E ( 2 (1 + ) ) (4) Ref.[10]
=the minimum of the range)
Shear Modulus
(From Eqn. (4) with Eem of =10, and Gem kPa 1667 4167 4000 12000 11538 19231
=the minimum of the range)
Shear Modulus
(From Eqn. (4) with E of kbw , and G kPa 1325 1986 1862 6209 5795 9272
=the minimum of the range)
Shear Modulus
(From Eqn. (4) with E of kaw , and G kPa 1325 3311 3104 10246 9563 15938
=the minimum of the range)
Shear Modulus 0.68
Gmax kPa 4302 8021 8021 16930 16930 23962 Gmax (ksf ) = 35* ( N 60 ) (5) Ref.[11]
(From Eqn. (5) using N 60 )
Ultimate Unit End Bearing kPa See Fig.2 for Driven Piles on pp. 8
Axial Bearing Failure kN Ultimate Unit End Bearing x Tip Area
See Fig.3 (For Driven Piles) on pp. 9 and
Ultimate Unit Skin Friction kPa
Fig.4(For Drilled Shafts) on pp. 10
 Cohesive Soil
Soil properties for preliminary design only.
Cohesive Soil Properties Symbol Units Soft Medium Stiff References
Total Unit Weight kN m3 16 19 17 20 19 22 Ref.[12]
Corrected SPT Blow Count N 60 2 4 4 8 8 15 Ref. [13]
Unconfined Compressive Strength qu kPa 23.95 47.9 47.9 95.8 95.8 191.6 Ref. [13]
Undrained Shear Strength Cu kPa 11.97 23.95 23.95 47.9 47.9 95.8 Ref. [14]
Avg.Undrained Shear Strength kPa 17.96 35.92 71.85
Major Principal Strain @ 50% 50 0.02 0.01 0.005 Ref. [15]
Major Principal Strain @ 100% 100 0.06 0.03 0.015 Ref. [16]
3
Subgrade Modulus (Static Loading) k kN m NA NA 135725 Ref. [17]
3
Subgrade Modulus (Cycling Loading) k kN m NA NA 54290 Ref. [17]
Poisson's Ratio 0.4 0.45 0.5 Ref. [18]
Elastic Modulus E kPa 2860 11960 11960 33510 33510 >95770 Ref. [19]
Shear Modulus
G kPa 1021 4271 4124 11555 11170 31923 G = E ( 2 (1 + ) ) (4) Ref.[10]
(From Eqn. (4) using E , and )
Ultimate Unit End Bearing kPa See Fig.2 (For Driven Piles) on pp. 8
Axial Bearing Failure kN Ultimate Unit End Bearing x Tip Area
Ultimate Unit Skin Friction kPa See Fig. 3 (For Driven Piles) on pp. 9

Note: For the input values of vertical failure shear stress and torsional shear stress, the ultimate unit skin friction for a pile or drilled shaft can be
used.
General Rock Properties
Soil properties for preliminary design only.
Rock Type Symbol Units Limestone Sandstone References :
Unit Weight k m 3
20.42 27.49 22.78 26.7 Ref. [20], Ref.[21]
Rock Quality Designation RQD % 20 50 100 20 50 100 Ref. [22]
Modulus Ratio Em Ei 0.05 0.15 1 0.05 0.15 1 Ref. [22]
Elastic Modulus Ei kPa 39300000 14686000 Ref. [22]
Mass Modulus
Em kPa 1965000 5895000 39300000 734000 2203000 14686000 Em = ( Em Ei ) * Ei (6)
(From Eqn. (6) using Em Ei and Ei )
Poisson's Ratio 0.23 0.2 Ref. [22]
Shear Modulus
G kPa 799000 2396000 15976000 306000 918000 6119000 G = E ( 2 (1 + ) ) (4) Ref. [10]
(From Eqn. (4) using Em , and )
Angle of Internal Friction deg 34 40 27 34 Ref. [22]
Unconfined Compressive Strength qu kPa 24000 290000 67000 172000 Ref. [23]
Split Tensile Strength qt kPa 2400 29000 6700 17200 Ref. [24]

Rock Type Units Granite Quartzite

Unit Weight k m 3
25.13 29.85 20.42 26.7 Ref. [20], Ref.[21]
Rock Quality Designation RQD % 20 50 100 20 50 100 Ref. [22]
Modulus Ratio Em Ei 0.05 0.15 1 0.02 0.15 1 Ref. [22]
Elastic Modulus Ei kPa 52676000 66121000 Ref. [22]
Mass Modulus
Em kPa 2634000 7901000 52676000 1322000 9918000 66121000 Em = ( Em Ei ) * Ei (6)
(From Eqn. (6) using Em Ei and Ei )
Poisson's Ratio 0.2 0.14 Ref. [22]
Shear Modulus
G kPa 1097000 3292000 21948000 580000 4350000 29000000 G = E ( 2 (1 + ) ) (4)Ref. [10]
(From Eqn. (4) using Em , and )
Angle of Internal Friction deg 34 40 NA Ref. [22]
Unconfined Compressive Strength qu kPa 14000 335000 62000 383000 Ref. [23]
Split Tensile Strength qt kPa 1400 33500 6200 38300 Ref. [24]
General Rock Properties
Soil properties for preliminary design only.
Low Medium Very High
Geotechnical Description Symbol Units High Strength References
Strength Strength Strength
Unconfined Compressive Strength qu kPa <10000 1000020000 2000060000 >60000 Ref. [24], Ref. [25]
Split Tensile Strength qt kPa <1000 10002000 20006000 >6000 Ref. [24]
Ultimate Unit Skin Friction (Drilled shaft)
fs kPa <950 950 1340 1340 2320 >2320 f s ( MPa ) = 0.3* qu (7) Ref. [25]
(From Eqn. (7) using qu )
Ultimate Unit End Bearing (Drilled shaft)
qb kPa <15180 15180 21470 21470 37180 >37180 qb ( MPa ) = 4.8* qu (8) Ref. [25]
(From Eqn. (8) using qu )
Ultimate Unit Skin Friction (Driven Piles) fs kPa f s = 2.8*  + 10 Ref. [25]
Ultimate Unit End Bearing (Driven Piles) qb kPa qb = 180*  Ref. [25]
Axial Bearing Failure kN Unit End Bearing x Tip Area
 Florida Limestone
Soil properties for preliminary design only.
Average G G
fs
Bridges (See the map Test RQD (From Eqn.(4) (From Eqn.(4)
Ei Em Ei Em (From Eqn.(9)
for locations) Shaft ( % ) qu qt using Ei and using Ei and
using qu and qt )
= 0.33) = 0.12)
Units kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa
Reference [26] [26] [26] [26] [26] [26] [26] [26] [22] [22] [10] [10]
17th Street Causeway LTSO 3 43 2940 920 3215600 0.127 408400 490.52 NA 34-40 0.12-0.33 1208900 1435500
LTSO 4 41.9 13280 1390 4319800 0.123 531300 1254.76 NA 34-40 0.12-0.33 1624000 1928500
Acosta Test 1 34.2 8170 1760 3992400 0.1 399200 915.5 NA 34-40 0.12-0.33 1500900 1782300
46-11A 78 1160 95 679900 0.535 363700 129 20.42 34-40 0.12-0.33 255600 303500
Apalachicola
62-5 58.2 510 80 296600 0.37 109700 70.48 20.42 34-40 0.12-0.33 111500 132400
69-7 54 490 40 285400 0.26 74200 47.23 20.42 34-40 0.12-0.33 107300 127400
Fuller Warren LT-3a 31 4100 920 1784200 0.09 160600 419.23 20.42 34-40 0.12-0.33 670800 796500
LT4 33 8480 1090 3148300 0.096 302200 705.56 20.42 34-40 0.12-0.33 1183600 1405500
Gandy 52-6 78 3510 1330 2226000 0.78 1736300 834.56 17.28 34-40 0.12-0.33 836850 993800
91-4 52 410 105 1890100 0.21 396900 70.5 18.85 34-40 0.12-0.33 710600 843800
Victory 10-2 29.8 15040 2400 20000000 0.083 1648400 1232.46 17.28 34-40 0.12-0.33 7466300 8866200

Properties Symbol Units Florida Limestone

Ultimate Unit Skin Friction fs kPa See Fig. 3(Driven Piles) on pp.9

Ultimate Unit End Bearing qb kPa See Fig. 2(Driven Piles) on pp.8

Axial Bearing Failure kN Unit End Bearing x Tip Area

f s = 1 * qu * qt * ( Adjusted % RQD ) (9) Ref. [26]

2
E
G= (4) Ref. [10]
2* (1 + )

Figure 1 Geographic Location of Load Test Sites

For Driven Piles - The Ultimate End bearing of any pile can be calculated from
the below graph if the SPT blow count are available

n := 60 i := 1 .. n + 1 N := ( i 1)
i

Sand(Conc/Steel/HPile) := 3.2 N 95.76 Ultimate End Bearing for Concrete, Steel and H piles in Sand
i i

Clay(Conc/Steel/HPile) := 0.7 N 95.76 Ultimate End Bearing for Concrete, Steel and H piles in Clay
i i

Limestone(Conc/HPile) := 3.6 N 95.76 Ultimate End Bearing for Concrete and H piles in Florida Limestone
i i

Limestone(Steel) :=
i (3.6Ni95.76) if Ni 30 Ultimate End Bearing for Steel piles in Florida
(N 30) 287.28
36 + 7 i otherwise
Limestone

30

Ultimate End Bearing (Driven Piles)

4
2.5 10

4
2 10
Ultimate End Bearing (kPa)

Sand(Conc/Steel/HPile)
4
1.5 10
Clay(Conc/Steel/HPile)

Limestone(Conc/HPile)

Limestone(Steel) 4
1 10

3
5 10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
N

SPT Blow-count (N)

Figure 2
For Driven Piles - The Ultimate Skin Friction of any pile can be calculated
from the below graph if the SPT blow count are available
n := 60 i := 1 .. n + 1 N := ( i 1)
i
Ultimate Skin Friction for Concrete Piles in Sand...

Sand(Conc) := 0.019 N 95.8

i i

Ultimate Skin Friction for Steel Piles in Sand...

Sand(Steel) := 0.026 + 0.023 N 1.435 10 ( i) 95.8

4 7
( i)
2 3
N 6.527 10 N
i i

Ultimate Skin Friction for Concrete Piles in Clay...

2 Ni ( 110 Ni)
Clay(Conc) := 95.8
i 4006.6

Ultimate Skin Friction for Steel Piles in Clay...

Clay(Steel) := 8.081 10 ( i) 95.8

4 3 6
( i)
2 3
+ 0.058 N 1.202 10 N + 8.785 10 N
i i

Ultimate Skin Friction for Concrete and Steel Piles in Florida Limestone...

Limestone(Conc/Steel) := 0.01 N 95.8

i ( )
i

Ultimate Skin Friction (Driven Piles)

150

125
Ultimate Skin Friction (kPa)

Sand(Conc)
100
Sand(Steel)

Clay(Conc)
75
Clay(Steel)

Limestone(Conc/Steel)
50

25

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
N

SPT Blow-count (N)

Figure 3
For Drilled shafts - The Ultimate Unit Skin Friction for Sand with respect to
the depth can be found out from the graph below
start := 0 end := 50 h := 0.5
( end start )
n := i := 1 .. ( n ) Depth := start + ( i 1 ) h Depth from 0 to 50m
h i

:= 1.2 if Depth 5 ( 0.3048)

i i
0.25 if Depth > 86 ( 0.3048)
i

1.5 0.135 Depthi ( 0.3048) otherwise

3
Assumed Density of Sand... := 17 kN m
3
Density of Water... water := 9.81 kN m

Vertical effective stress...

i
(
'Water := water Depth)i
Water Table at the surface

'NoWater := ( ) Depth No Water Table

i i

Ultimate Skin Friction with water table at surface SFwWT := 'Water

i i i
Ultimate Skin Friction with no water table SFw/oWT := 'NoWater
i i i

Ultimate Skin Friction of Sand (Drilled Shaft)

0

10

20
Depth (m)

Depth(Water Table at Surface)

Depth(No Water Table)

30

40

0 50 100 150 200 250

SFwWT, SFw/oWT

Ultimate Unit Skin Friction (kPa)

Figure 4
References:

1. "Foundation Analysis and Design", 5th Edition, Joseph E. Bowles, Table 3-4, pp 163.

2. "Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice", 3rd Editon, Karl Terzaghi , Ralph Peck, Gholamreza Mesri , 1996, Table
12.1, pp. 60.

3. FB MultiPier Help Manual -> 11.3.8 Subgrade Modulus -> Figure B7 (Source: "Research on Determining the
Density of Sands by Spoon Penetration Testing", H.J.Gibbs, W.G.Holtz, 1957, Proc. 4th International Conference
on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 35-39).

4. FB MultiPier Help Manual -> 11.3.8 Subgrade Modulus -> Figure B7 (Source: American Petroleum Institute (API),
1987, Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing xed offshore platforms, API
Recommended practice 2A (RP 2A), 17th Ed, Figure 6.8.7-1, pp.70).

5. "Foundation Analysis and Design", 5th Edition, Joseph E. Bowles, Equation 2-18a, pp.41.

6. FB MultiPier Help Manual ->11.3.8 Subgrade Modulus -> Figure B8 (Source: American Petroleum Institute (API),
1987, Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing xed offshore platforms, API
Recommended practice 2A (RP 2A), 17th Ed, Figure 6.8.7-1, pp.70).

7. "Principles of Foundation Engineering", 6th Edition, Braja Das, Table 5.8, pp. 240.

8. "Principles of Foundation Engineering", 6th Edition, Braja Das, Equation 5.43, pp. 240.

9. "Principles of Foundation Engineering", 6th Edition, Braja Das, Equation 6.5, pp. 294.

10. "Foundation Analysis and Design, 5th Edition, Joseph E. Bowles, Equation (a), pp. 121.

11. Seismic Response Analysis of a Highway Overcrossing Equipped with Elastomeric Bearings and Fluid
Dampers, Nicos Makris & Jian Zhang, Equation (1), Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 6, June 2004,
pp. 830-845 (Source: Correlations among seismic motion, ground conditions, and damage: Data on the
Miyagiken-oki earthquake of 1978, Imai T. and Tonouchi K., 1982, Proc. 3rd Int. Earthquake Miscorzonation Conf.,
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Vol. 2, pp. 649660.).

12. "Foundation Analysis and Design", 2nd Edition, Joseph E. Bowles, Table 3-4, pp. 86.

13. "Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice", 3rd Editon, Karl Terzaghi , Ralph Peck, Gholamreza Mesri, 1996,
Table 12.2, pp. 63.

14. Soil Mechanics, 1st Edition, T. W. Lambe, R. V. Whitman, 1969, Section 29.8, pp.451.

15. Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay, Matlock, H., 1970, Proceedings, Offshore
Technology Conference, Vol. I, Paper No. 1204, Houston, Texas, pp. 577-594.

16. Single Piles and Pile Groups under Lateral Loading, Lymon C. Reese, William F. Van Impe, Figure 3.11, pp.
71.

17. Laterally Loaded Piles and Computer Program COM624G, Reese L.C., Cooley L.A., Radhakrishnan N., 1984,
Technical Report K-84-2, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Table 4, pp. 60.

18. "Foundation Analysis and Design", 5th Edition, Joseph E. Bowles, Table 2-7, pp. 123.

19. Engineering and Design Settlement Analysis, EM1110-1-1904, Appendix D, Table D-3, pp. D-5.
20. A Treatise on the Principles and Practice of Harbour Engineering, Brysson Cunningham, pp. 86.

21. Bulletin, Issue 2, Utah Engineering Experiment Station, pp. 16.

22. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification, 5th Edition, Section 10(Foundations), pp. (10-25) (10-27).

23. AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, 16th Edition, 1996, Table 4.4.1.2B, pp. 64.

24. Handbook of Geotechnical Investigation and Design Tables, Burt Look, pp. 65.

25. Geophysical testing for rock assessment and pile design, Lani Cheenikal, Harry Poulos, Robert Whiteley,
Coffey Geotechnics, Australia. (Internet link:
http://www.coffey.com/Uploads/Documents/Geophysical%20testing%20for%20rock%20assessment%20and%20
pile%20design_20100625141417.pdf)

26. Static and Dynamic Field Testing of Drilled Shafts: Suggested Guidelines on their use for FDOT Structures,
Michael McVay, Ralph D. Ellis Jr., Final Report, FDOT No. 99052794.