Family CHAERILIDAE Pocock, 1893

VICTOR FET

This monotypic family includes 21 species and four subspecies (including two nominotypi-
cal forms), all belonging to the genus Chaerilus Simon, 1877. This genus was originally described
in Chactidae; it was separated into a subfamily wihin Iuridae by Pocock (1893b), placed as a sub-
family in Buthidae by Laurie (1896b), and elevated to a separate family by Kraepelin (1899).
Vachon (1974) demonstrated a peculiar trichobothrial pattern of pedipalps in Chaerilidae ("type
B") which differs from both Buthidae ("type A") and all other families ("type C"). The family is
found only in South and Southeast Asia.

Chaerilini Pocock, 1893b: 306, 309 (subfamily); type genus Chaerilus Simon, 1877.
REFERENCES
Chaerilini: Kraepelin, 1894: 140; Laurie, l 896b: 131 (subfamily).
Chaerilidae: Kraepelin, 1899: 157; Pocock, 1900d: 53; Kraepelin, 190la: 273; Pavlovsky, 1924: 81;
Pavlovsky, 1925: 190-191; Vachon, 1963b: 161; Biicherl, 1967: 114; Vachon, 1972: 2002; Lamo-
ra!, 1980a: 440; Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 317; Francke, 1982d: 73; Francke, 1985: 16; Sissom,
1990a: 113; Nenilin & Fet, 1992: 19; Kovarik, 1998c: 129.
Chaerilinae: Kraepelin, 1905: 340; Birula, 1917a: 164; Birula, 1917b: 56; Werner, 1934a: 288 (part);
Kastner, 1941: 235 (part); Mello-Leitao, 1942a: 126 (part); Millot & Vachon, 1949: 429 (part).
Chaerilaria ("tribus"): Birula, 1917a: 164 (part).
Cherilidae (ISS): Pavlovsky, 1925: 195.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA (south and southwest; see Chaerilus).

Genus CHAERILUS Simon, 1877

Chaerilus Simon, 1877b: 238-239; type species by monotypy Chaerilus variegatus Simon,
1877.
SYNONYMS
Chelomachus Thorell, 1889: 583-584; type species by original designation Chelomachus birmanicus
Thorell, 1889 [= Chaerilus birmanicus (Thorell, 1889)] (synonymized by Kraepelin, 1894: 141).
Uromachus Pocock, 1890b: 250; type species by monotypy Uromachus pictus Pocock, 1890 [= Chaer-
ilus pictus (Pocock, 1890)] (synonymized by Kraepelin, 1894: 141).
REFERENCES
Chaerilus: Karsch, 1879b: 101, 107; Thorell, 1889: 584; Kraepelin, 1894: 141; Laurie, 1896b: 131;
Lonnberg, 1897b: 199; Kraepelin, 1899: 157; Pocock, 1900d: 53-54; Kraepelin, 1913: 138-141,
fig. 2; Birula, 1917a: 164; Birula, 1917b: 56; Werner, 1934a: 288; Kastner, 1941: 235; Vachon,
1953b: 9, fig. 2; Vachon, 1963b: 162, fig. 3; Vachon, 1974: 912-914; Soleglad, 1976b: 298;
Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 318; Francke, 1985: 7, 16; Sissom, 1990a: 113, fig. 3.lD, 3.4, 3.7A;
Nenilin & Fet, 1992: 19-20; Kovarik, 1998c: 129.
Uromachus: Pocock, 1894c: 91.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Viet-
nam.
NOTES: There was no recent revision of this enigmatic Asian genus which includes 21 species
and four subspecies (including two nominotypical forms). Redescriptions and keys were published
for Sri Lanka by Vachon (1982), for India and Bangladesh by Tikader & Bastawade (1983), and
for several species by Fage (1946a). Additional species were recently described from Malaysia
(Vachon & Louren90, 1985) and Indonesia (Louren90, l 995j).

323
324 CATALOG OF THE SCORPIONS OF THE WORLD

Chaerilus agilis Pocock, 1899

Chaerilus agilis Pocock, 1899a: 416-417.
HoLOTYPE: 9 (BMNH), Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus agilis: Flower, 1901: 34; Kraepelin, 1913: 142; Bristowe, 1952: 698, fig. 1-2; Kovarik, 1998c:
129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Malaysia.

Chaerilus anthracinus Pocock, 1900

Chaerilus anthracinus Pocock, 1900d: 57.
SYNTYPES: o 9 (BMNH), Dalhousie, Punjab, India.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus anthracinus: Takashima, 1945: 101; Mani, 1959: 12; Perez, 1974: 31; Tikader & Bastawade,
1983: 364-370, fig. 1028-1037; Kovaffk, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. India (Punjab).

Chaerilus anthracinus anthracinus Pocock, 1900

Chaerilus anthracinus Pocock, 1900d: 57.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. India (Punjab).

Chaerilus anthracinus rufescens Pocock, 1900

Chaerilus anthracinus rufescens Pocock, 1900d: 57-58.
HOLOTYPE: 9 (BMNH), Dharmsala, Punjab, India.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus anthracinus rufescens: Mani, 1959: 12; Perez, 1974: 31; Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 370--375,
fig. 1044-1059; Kovarik, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. India (Punjab).

Chaerilus assamensis Kraepelin, 1913

Chaerilus assamensis Kraepelin, 1913: 144-145, fig. 3a, b.
SYNTYPES: 1 o, 1 juv 9 (?ZSI), Assam, India.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus assamensis: Takashima, 1945: 101; Perez, 1974: 31; Kovaifk, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. India (Assam).

Chaerilus birmanicus Thorell, 1889

Chelomachus birmanicus Thorell, 1889: 584-587.
HOLOTYPE: juv (MCSNG), Rangoon (Yangon), Burma, now Myanmar.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus birmanicus: Pocock, 1900d: 62-63; Takashima, 1945: 100.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Myanmar.
Norns: Kovaffk (1998c: 129) listed this species as a junior synonym of C. variegatus Simon,
1877, without a justification.

Chaerilus borneensis Simon, 1880

Chaerilus borneensis Simon, 1880b: 379-381.
HOLOTYPE: juv (MNHN), northern Kalimantan (Borneo), now Indonesia.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus borneensis: Thorell, 1888: 337; Kraepelin, 1901a: 273; Kopstein, 1921: 143 (species unclear).
 SCORPIONES: CHAERILIDAE 325

DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Indonesia (Kalimantan).

NOTES: K.raepelin (1894: 144) and Kovarfk (l 998c: 129) considered this species a synonym of
C. variegatus Simon.

Chaerilus cavernicola Pocock, 1894

Chaerilus cavernicola Pocock, l 894c: 91-93 , pl. VI, fig. 5-5a.
SYNTYPES: 2 ad (? o S? ), I juv (? o) (BMNH), Ngalau Cavern, near Pajacombo, Sumatra, now Indo-
nesia.
REFERENCES
Chaeriluscavernicola: Kraepelin, 1899: 160; Kraepelin, 1913: 153; Kopstein. 1921: 143; Kopstein,
1923: 186; Giltay, 1931: 18; Wolf. 1937: 534; Kovaffk, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Indonesia.

Chaerilus celebensis Pocock. 1894

Chaerilus celebensis Pocock, l 894c: 93-95.
HOLOTYPE: juv (BMNH), Luwu, Sulawesi. now Indonesia.
SYNONYMS
Chaerilus rectimanus Pocock, I 899a: 418-419 (synonymized by Fage, I 946a: 7'2).
SYNTYPES: o S? (BMNH), Singapore.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus celebensis: Kraepelin, 1894: 147-148, pl. II, fig. 56: Thorell, 1894: 15-16; Kraepelin, 1899:
158; Borelli, 1904b: 4; Kraepelin, 1913: 142, 145-146; Kopstein, 1921: 142; Kopstein, 1923: 186;
Banks, 1928: 505; Giltay, 1931: 18; Fage, 1933: 27, 29-30; Fage, 1936: 181; Pelt, 1936: 403-404;
Werner, I 934a: 288, fig. 378; Takashima, l 945: 99: Fage, I 946a: 71. fig . I; Takashima, 1952: 29;
Sissom, 1990a: 114, fig. 3.20; Kovai'fk, 1998c: 129.
Chaerilus rectimanus: Flowers, 1901: 34; Kraepelin, 1913: 142; Fage, 1933: 27, 29; Fage. 1936: 180;
Takashima, 1945: 100.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Indonesia (Billiton, Kalimantan, Sulawesi), Malaysia (Sarawak), Singa-
pore, Philippines, Vietnam.
NOTES: Kovarfk (l 998c: 129) listed C. rectimanus as a valid species, without a justification.

Chaerilus ceylonensis Pocock, 1894

Chaerilus ceylonensis Pocock, I 894a: 83-84.
HoLOTYPE: S? (BMNH 1893.10.20.4), Trincomalee, Sri Lanka.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus ceylonensis: Kraepelin, 1899: 159; Pocock, l900d: 62; Kraepelin. 1913: 143; Takashima,
1945: 99; Vachon, 1982: 102. fig. 68-69. 73, 76, 78; Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 326, fig.
925-939; Nenilin & Fet, 1992: 19; Kovaffk, I 998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Sri Lanka.

Chaerilus chapmani Vachon & Lourern;o, 1985

Chaerilus chapmani Vachon & Lourern;o. 1985: 10-17, pl. I, fig. 1-16, tab. I.
HOLOTYPE: 'i.> (MNHN RS 8479), Leopard Cave, Gunong Api, Gunong Mulu National Park,
Sarawak, Kalimantan (Borneo) Island, Malaysia.
PARATYPES: IS? (BMNH RS 8477), same locality as holotype; I '.? (MNHN RS 8522; allotype), Cave
of the Winds (Lohang Angin); I juv S? (MNHN RS 8476). IS? <BMNH RS 8478), Clearwater
Cave, GuaAir Jernih, Gunong Api, Gunong Mulu National Park; Sarawak, Kalimantan (Borneo)
Island, Malaysia.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus chapmarzi: Lourenc;o & Francke, 1985: 5; Lourenc;o, l994a: 183; Kovarik, I998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Malaysia (Sarawak).
326 CATALOG OF THE SCORPIONS OF THE WORLD

Chaerilus gemmifer Pocock, 1894

Chaerilus gemmifer Pocock, 1894a: 81.
SYNTYPES: 2 2 (BMNH), Sylhet, now Bangladesh.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus gemmifer: Kraepelin, 1899: 159-160; Pocock, 1900d: 60-61, fig. 18B; Takashima, 1945: 100;
Perez, 1974: 31; Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 346-351, fig. 980-995; Kovaffk, 1998c: 129.
Chaerilus pictus gemmifer: Kraepelin, 1913: 151-153.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Bangladesh.

Chaerilus granifrons Kraepelin, 1913

Chaerilus granifrons Kraepelin, 1913: 143, 147-148.
HOLOTYPE: ? 2 (?ZSI), type locality unknown, ?India.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus granifrons: Takashima, 1945: 101; Perez, 1974: 31; Kovaffk, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. ?India (exact distribution unknown).

Chaerilus granosus Pocock, 1900

Chaerilus granosus Pocock, 1900d: 56-57.
SYNTYPES: 4 (?) 2 (BMNH), Mussooree, Uttar Pradesh, India.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus granosus: Kraepelin, 1913: 143, fig . 4a; Takashima, 1945: 101; Mani, 1959: 12; Perez, 1974:
31; Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 352-357, fig. 996-1011; Kovaffk, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. India (Uttar Pradesh).

Chaerilus hirsti Kraepelin, 1913

Chaerilus hirsti Kraepelin, 1913: 144, 150-151.
SYNTYPES: 1 specimen (?ZSI), Simla, Himachal Pradesh, India; 1 specimen (?ZSI), Dehra Dun, Uttar
Pradesh, India; 1 specimen (?ZSI), Nepal.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus hirsti: Takashima, 1945: 101; Perez, 1974: 31; Kovarik, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh), Nepal.

Chaerilus insignis Pocock, 1894

Chaerilus insignis Pocock, 1894a: 82-83.
HoLOTYPE: 2 (BMNH 1893.10.29.15), Ladak, Kashmir, India.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus insignis: Pocock, 1900d: 58-59, fig. 17C; Kraepelin, 1913: 144, 149-150; Takashima, 1945:
101; Mani, 1959: 12; Perez, 1974: 31; Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 340-345, fig. 965-979;
Kovaffk, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. India (Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh).

Chaerilus laevimanus Pocock, 1899

Chaerilus laevimanus Pocock, 1899a: 417-418.
HOLOTYPE: (sex unknown) (BMNH), Pulo Gaya, British North Borneo, now Sarawak, Malaysia.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus laevimanus: Kraepelin, 1913: 145, fig. 3c; Kopstein, 1921: 141; Kopstein, 1923 : 186; Giltay,
1931: 18; Takashima, 1945: 101; Takashima, 1952: 29; Kovaffk, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Indonesia (Billiton, Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sarawak).
 SCORPIONES: CHAERILIDAE 327

Chaerilus pictus (Pocock, 1890)

Uromachus pictus Pocock, 1890b: 250-252, pl. XIB, fig. 1-lc.
HOLOTYPE: ?o (BMNH), Sylhet, now Bangladesh.
PARATYPE: ? '? (BMNH), same locality as holotype.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus pictus: Pocock, 1894c: 91; Kraepelin, 1894: 143-144, pl. II, fig. 42; Kraepelin, 1899: 159;
Pocock, 1900d: 59-60, fig. 17B, 18C; Kraepelin, 1913: 151-153; Takashima, 1945: 100; Perez,
1974: 31; Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 332-339, fig. 940-964; Kovarik, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Bangladesh, India (Meghalaya).

Chaerilus robinsoni Hirst, 1911

Chaerilus robinsoni Hirst, 1911b: 47~71.
HoLOTYPE: '? (BMNH), Bukit Besar, Malay Peninsula, now Malaysia.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus robinsoni: Takashima, 1945: 101; Kovarik, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Malaysia.

Chaerilus sabinae Lourern~o, 1995

Chaerilus sabinae Lourern;o, 1995j: 847-850, fig. 1-9.
HOLOTYPE: juv '? (MNHN), ll938'E, 448'44"S, cave ofGuaAtas, hills ofMatampa, near Pangka-
jene, region of Maros, Sulawesi Selatan Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus sabinae: Louren90, 1996h: 1; Kovarik, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Indonesia (Sulawesi).
NOTES: The originally published (Lourengo, 1995j) type locality (in India) is incorrect; it was
corrected by Lourengo (1996h).

Chaerilus tricostatus Pocock, 1899

Chaerilus tricostatus Pocock, 1899d: 266.
HoLOTYPE: '? (BMNH 1897.6.24.1), Sadi (Sadiya), northeastern Assam, India.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus tricostatus: Pocock, 1900d: 59-60, fig. 17 A; Henderson, 1913: 131-132, fig. 2; Kraepelin,
1913: 142; Takashima, 1945: 101; Perez, 1974: 31; Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 320-326,
fig. 911-924; Bastawade, 1985: 260; Kovarik, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya).

Chaerilus truncatus Karsch, 1879

Chaerilus truncatus Karsch, 1879b: 108-109.
SYNTYPES: 2 specimens (ZMB 3055), "Himalaya", India.
SYNONYMS
Chaerilus margaritatus Pocock, 1894a: 79-81 (synonymized by Kraepelin, 1913: 143).
HOLOTYPE: '? (BMNH), Dehra Dun, Uttar Pradesh, India.
PARATYPE: 0 (BMNH), same locality as holotype.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus truncatus: Simon, 1880b: 381; Kraepelin, 1894: 146-147, pl. II, fig. 54; Kraepelin, 1899: 160;
Pocock, 1900d: 63; Simon, 1901: 79; Kraepelin, 1913: 143-144; Fage, 1936: 180; Vachon, 1940b:
248, fig. 11; Takashima, 1945: 100; Page, 1946a: 71; Perez, 1974: 31; Moritz & Fischer, 1980:
325; Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 358-363, fig. 1012-1027; Kovarik, 1998c: 129.
Chaerilus margaritatus: Pocock, 1900d: 58, fig. 18A; Takashima, 1945: 100; Perez, 1974: 31.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh), Vietnam.
328 CATALOG OF THE SCORPIONS OF THE WORLD

Chaerilus variegatus Simon, 1877

Chaerilus variegatus Simon, 1877b: 239-240, pl. III, fig. 13.
HoLOTYPE: 1 specimen (MNHN), Java, Indonesia.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus variegatus: Karsch, 1879b: 107-108; Simon, 1880b: 38 1; Thorell, 1888: 337; Kraepelin, 1894:
144-146, pl. II, fig. 53, 55, 57-58 ; Laurie, 1896b: 122; Kraepelin, 1899: 160; Pocock, 1894c:
90-91 , pl. VI, fig. 4-4a; Kraepelin, 190la: 273; Werner, 1902: 604; Kraepelin, 1913: 143,
146-147; Kopstein, 1921: 142-143; Kopstein, 1923: 186; Pavlovsky, 1924: 80-81; Pavlovsky,
1925 : 149; Kopstein, 1926: 109; Banks, 1928: 505 ; Giltay, 1931: 18; Fage, 1933: 27; Werner,
1934a: 288, fig . 377 ; Kopstein, 1935: 209-210; Kastner, 1941: 235 ; Takashima, 1945: 99-100;
Page, 1946a: 71; Dammerman, 1948: 71 ; Takashima, 1952: 29 ; Kovai'fk, 1992a: 185; Kovai'fk,
1998c: 129(part).
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Indonesia (Banka, Java, Kalimantan, Krakatau, Nias, Sebesi), Indochina.
NOTE: This species is possibly listed in Herbst (1800: 57, fig. 1) as Scorpio australasiae (nee
Fabricius, 1775).

Chaerilus variegatus variegatus Simon, 1877

Chaerilus variegatus Simon, 1877b: 239-240.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus variegatus variegatus: Kopstein, 1935: 209.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Indonesia, Indochina.

Chaerilus variegatus nigricolor Pocock, 1899

Chaerilus variegatus var. nigricolor Pocock, 1899a: 419.
HOLOTYPE: (sex unknown) (BMNH), Protjat, eastern Java, Indonesia.
PARATYPES: o <:i? (BMNH), Kogok, western Java, Indonesia.
REFERENCES
Chaerilus variegatus nigricolor: Kopstein, 1921: 143; Giltay, 1931 : 18; Kopstein, 1935: 209-210;
Vachon & Abe, 1988: 26; Kovai'fk, 1998c: 129.
DISTRIBUTION: ASIA. Indonesia (Java, Krakatau).