DIODES

Diode is a semiconductor active component

consisting of a junction P-N. Properties of
diodes that can conduct current in the
forward voltage and reverse voltage inhibit
the flow. Diodes derived from two words
approach, namely the anode and cathode
electrodes. Semiconductor diode direct
current only just skip (forward), so it is
widely used as a component of current
rectifier. Simply put a diode can we assume
a valve, where the valve will open when the water that flows from the valve back to the fore, while
the valve will close by boost the flow of water from the front of the valve.

1. Symbols General Diode

Diodes symbolized by drawing arrows on the ends of the
transverse stripe. The symbol actually is as a representative of
the workings of the diode itself. At the base of the arrows is
also known as the anode (positive foot = P) and on the tip of
the arrow is referred to as the cathode (negative foot = N).

2. Function of Diode

1. As a rectifier for a diode bridge

2. As a voltage stabilizer (voltage regulator), to the zener diode
3. Safety / fuse
4. As a clipper circuit, which is to cut / dispense signal level that is above or below a certain
voltage level.
5. As a clamper circuit, which is to add a DC component to an AC signal
6. As the voltage multiplier.
7. As an indicator, for LED (light emiting diode)
8. As a heat sensor, examples of applications in a series of power amplifiers
9. As light sensor, for photo diode
10. As the circuit VCO (voltage controlled oscillator), for diode varactor

3. Structure of Diode
 The structure of the diode for the first time. Plate is
designed around the cathode, the cathode is planted in a
heater, at which time the cathode is heated, electrons are
there on the cathode will move toward the plate.

4. Type of Diode
1. The Standard Diode

Diodes of this type there are two kinds of silicon

and germanium. Silicon diodes have a forward
voltage of 0.7 V while the germanium diode diode
0.3 V. This type has some certain restrictions
depending on the specifications. Restrictions that
limit such restrictions reverse voltage, frequency,
current, and temperature. Diode forward voltage of
0.025 V will drop every increase of 1 degree from the normal temperature.
Corresponding characteristics of this diode can be used for the following functions:
1. Rectifier AC signal
2. Cutter level
3. The temperature sensor
4. Lowering the voltage
5. Safety at DC input reverse polarity
Examples of this type is 1N400x diode (1A), 1N5392 (1.5A) and 1N4148 (500mA).

2. LED (light emiting diode)

Diodes of this type has a phosphor layer that can
emit light when given polarity on both poles. LED
has a maximum current limit flowing through.
Above that value certainly led not long lifespan.
LED is determined by the type of light emitted.
Such as LED red, green, blue, yellow, orange, red
and infrared laser diode. Apart from being an
indicator LED has several special functions such as
an infrared LED that is used for transmission in
 remote control systems and opto sensor diode laser is also used for the optical pick-up on
the system CD. This type of diode in forward bias (forward).

3. Zener diodes

The function of the zener diode is a voltage

stabilizer. Besides the zener diode can also be
used as a voltage divider at a certain level for the
safety circuit. Because the current is small, the
ability to use a zener diode as a voltage stabilizer
for large currents needed a buffer flow. Zener
diode in reverse bias (reverse).

4. Photo dioda

Photo diode is a type of light-sensitive

components. This diode will deliver if there is
light Mauk with particular intensity. many photo
diode applications at light sensor system
(optical). Example: the optocoupler and an
optical pick-up on the system CD. Photo diode in
forward bias (forward).

5. Diode varactor
The advantages of this diode is capable of
producing in accordance with certain capacitance
value of the voltage supplied to him. With this
diode, the digital tuning system on the high-
frequency transmission system boomed, as on
radio and television. Examples tuning with diode
system is the system PLL (phase lock loop), which is corrected by reading deviation
oscillator frequency to then be processed into a correction voltage for the oscillator.
Varactor diode in reverse bias.
5. Characteristics of Diode

Diode curve is a curve on the pre-voltage

characteristics of diode forward (forward) and pre
reverse voltage (reverse). From the pictures of
these characteristics can be analyzed that the
diode current will flow after external voltage to
overcome the potential barrier, then the current
forward would be great. On curves with a
characteristic back when the applied voltage
equals zero, then no current flows if the voltage is
raised then the current will be very small. When
forward current is too large then the diode will be damaged due to power dissipation is too
large. If the direction behind the voltage is too high will cause breakdown of electricity on
the diode.

6. Aplication of Diode

On the picture this series of power supply

with regulator zener diode in the circuit, a
simple example of how to install a voltage
regulator with a zener diode. Zener diode in
parallel or shunt with the L and R. These
regulators require only a zener diode in series
with a resistor RS. Note that a zener diode
mounted in reverse position bias. With this
installation method, zener diode will only
conduction when the reverse bias voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the zener diode.